The document discusses water challenges and management in Andhra Pradesh, India. It notes that India is already water stressed and will become more so by 2020. Andhra Pradesh receives average annual rainfall of 500-1100mm but faces issues like depleting groundwater, overexploitation of resources, and a growing population. Various government initiatives aim to improve irrigation infrastructure, promote crop diversification, water conservation, and establish water user associations. Recommendations include expanding micro-irrigation, low-input sustainable agriculture, improved crop insurance and water harvesting, and facilitating contract farming and market access for farmers.

1. APFWMCA
Andhra Pradesh Farmers Water Management Association
“ Networking the water users “
http://fwmca.org/
Water Scenario –challenges & action in AP

3. India water shortage nation already , many villages
lack safe drinking water
India ranks a lowly 120 of 122 countries in world
rated on portable water quality
India has 4% of the world’s water, yet availability
shrinking rapidly
Estimated to become a water-stressed nation by
2020

6. Food security increased in past
30 yrs significantly yet,
Water withdrawals for irrigation
represent 66 % of the total
withdrawals and up to 90 % in arid
regions
Rest 34 % being used by domestic
households (10 %), industry (20
%), or evaporated from reservoirs
(4 %)

7. Need of the hour-Water Security
Food security, Nutrition security, Energy security…!
Prime focus now needs to be …..?
“ Water security “
20th century…oil ruled the globe
21st century…water will rule the globe

8. Average annual rainfall 500 mm(SW) to 1,100 mm (NE)
Total annual yield of surface water (rivers) is assessed at
2,746 tmc
Major contributing rivers are Godavari (54%), Krishna and
Penna rivers
The replenishable groundwater in the State is assessed at
1,068 tmc
The current utilization of water for irrigation is 2268 tmc
The water required by 2025 for irrigation is estimated at
3,814 tmc

9. Some Relevant Facts - AP
 27.5 million ha geographical area; Net cropped area 11.5
million ha
 Irrigation potential around 11.3 million ha , Irrigated area
5.77 million ha
 Net irrigated area 3.88 m ha ;under tube wells(53% );
under canals (34.7%) ;under tanks( 12.3%)
 Post 2000 the Canal Irrigation is majorly emphasized upon
 Rice is the most important irrigated crop in A.P

10. Constraints of Irrigatory Agriculture - AP
Erratic/ Irregular Rain fall
Lack of Sufficient Irrigation Sources
Indiscriminate Exploitation of Ground Water
Increased Input Costs( fertilizers, labor)
Small land holdings
( Average land holding of AP farmers is 1.4 ha )
Lack /Unavailability of Credit

11. Ground Water Crisis - AP
• Critical &Over Exploitation, Indiscriminate tapping & Gradual
Depletion - Rice cultivation under Well Irrigated areas
CGWA (Central Ground Water Authority) and SGWD (State Body)
declared 80 mandals as critical ;230 mandals as over-exploited
• Poor & Erratic Rainfall Occurrence frequently
• Unregulated Pumping of Wells
• Increase in Wells (2.4 million) ,Increase in Irrigated area (2.6 m ha)
56% of annual ground water resources Exploited
• Deterioration of Ground Water Quality ( Polluted with waste from
Industries, Agriculture & Domestic sectors) – Fluoride problem

14. Tanks
 The Major Irrigatory Water Source in 1960s & 1970s;
Complementary ground water recharge resource
 Share of Tanks decreased In 1980s and 1990s
 Severe Drought in mid-sixties ; growth of Well
Irrigation (2.4 million)
 Water Resources Depletion (Gradual disappearance of
Water Tanks, Ponds, Mangroves e.t.c )

15.  AP State Government launched “ A Massive 10 years
Watershed Program “ for development of all degraded
and waste lands during 1997 with an aim of treating 100
lakh ha of land
 AP State Government has constituted “Water
Conservation Mission “ during April 2001 with the prime
objective of conservation and utilization of water on a
sustainable basis

16.  There is 20-25% gap between Irrigation potential
created ( Planned command area) and Irrigation area
utilized (actual irrigated area)
 The Government of AP is undertaking Renovation of
Canals, Distribution , Field channel building to bridge
the gap
 Water User’s Association (WUA’s) for Administrative
Mechanism to Improve Water Use Efficiency and
Productivity

17. (IWRM WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Bringing the Available Water under Management
Establishing Sustainable Water Management Practices and
Regulation of Usage Limits
Participatory Decision Making involving stake holders at all
levels
Coordination between District Level Administrations
Diverting Water for Optimum Usages
Water Usage Methodology and State Integrated Water
Management (IWRM) Planning
Pooling of Information for Efficient Water Management
Practices

18. WUA SET-UP
Chirman Vice
Chiarman
MC of
PC
Elects Elects
Farmers (Land holders)
TC1 TC2 TC3 TC4 TC5 TC6 TC7 TC8 ……………TC12
President Vice
President
MC of
WUA
ElectsElects
Indirect Election
Indirect Election
Direct Election

19. W UA’s - Present Status
PC
DC
WUA
2283
Major Medium Minor
PC
WUA
410
WUA
8076
Notified WUAs :10,769

20. Sl .No Name of the Project Extent
No of
WUAs DC’s No of Farmers
1 Nizamsagar 270000 77 10 54000
2 Nagarajunasagar Left canal 975000 263 30 195000
3
Rajoli Banda Diversion
Scheme 32 5 2000
4 KC Canal 286000 86 14 57200
Projects- Details

25. An Inter State Project of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh States
The ‘Anicut ‘ construction started in 1946, completed by 1958
 Water supplied to 143 Km. long R.D.S. Canal to benefit drought affected
area of 15 villages in Karnataka S, 79 Villages in Andhra Pradesh
 under R.D.S. Command D/12 Distributaries are in Karnataka & D/12A to
D/40 Distributaries in Andhra Pradesh
To supplement tail end ‘Ayacut’ of RDS of 30,000 Acres RDS link canal was
excavated by extending PJP RMC from Km. 50.266 to 56.667 to meet RDS
Canal at its chain of Km. 116.00.
To match the bed slope of RDS link canal with RMC, RDS Canal from Km.
116.00 to Km. 127.00 was regarded with a bed slope of 1:15000 against the
existing bed slope of 1:5000 of RDS Canal

26. As per K.W.D.T. award 1973, water allocated
to R.D.S. is 17.10 TMC which comprises of
River flows : 10.10 T.M.C.
Assistance from Tungabhadra Project Dam
: 7.00 T.M.C.
-----------------------------
Total =17.10 T.M.C
-----------------------------

27. STATE Andhra
Pradesh
Karnataka
River flows 9.39.
T.M.C.
0.71
T.M.C.
Assistance from
Thungabhadra Project
Dam
6.51
T.M.C.
0.49 T.M.C.
Total: 15.90
T.M.C
1.20 T.M.C
SHARE OF ANDRA PRADESH AND KARNATAKA STATES

35. Mr. Kovvuri

36. Major Constraints of Farming - AP
Majorly Rainfall dependent Agriculture even today
Late ,irregular and insufficient rainfall ,when sufficient is for
a short span, Heavy downpour at times causes crop damage
Nearly 60 % Cropping land under Arid and semi arid zones
Small Land holdings
Human Resource scarcity(dependency on manual labor
inspite of increasing mechanization)
Gap between lab and land technologies and extension
Mono Cropping-Rice Majorly

37. Crop Diversification (Rice/Maize) and New
Technologies (System of Rice Intensification - SRI)
Better management of the Whole Production Chain
From Input supplies (seeds, Fertilizers, Pesticides) to
Methods (Precise Farming) to Harvest (Clean Harvest)
and Post-Harvest (storage) and Marketing and Value
Addition
Efficient Extension Systems,Mechanisation,Market
Linkages
Proper Irrigatory Sources provision & Efficient
Water management
Required measures

38. Existing cropping pattern Proposed cropping pattern

39. Marketing of Horticulture Products-Supply chain
Vegetables:
SUPPLY CHAIN 1
 Producer à Commission agent à Wholesaler à Retailler à
Consumer
SUPPLY CHAIN 2
 Producer à Commission agent à Primary wholesaler à Secondary
wholesaler à Retailer à Consumer
Fruits:
SUPPLY CHAIN 1
 Producer à Pré- Harvest contracter à Commission agent à
Wholesaler à Retailer
à Consumer
SUPPLY CHAIN 2
 Producer à Commission agent à Wholesaler à Retailer à
Consumer

41. STATE INITIATIVES
Andhra Pradesh
 Loan Eligibility Card distributed and Crop loan
extended for Tenant Farmers as well
 Introduction of Intercropping- ground nut +Red gram
and Border Cropping
 Adoption of Tree based Farming in Dry land like
mango, Amla, Guava
 Promotion of SRI cultivation
 Promotion of direct seeding using Fibre Body drum
Seeders
 Farm ponds with HDPE lining to provide life saving
Irrigation to Standing Crops

42. RECOMMENDATION OF GROUP
 Larger coverage under Micro-Irrigation
 Adoption of low External Input Sustainable Agriculture
 Evolving a Farmer Friendly Crop Insurance Scheme
 More priority on Water Harvesting & In-situ water
Conservation Promotion
 Reforms in APMC Act to be explored by corporate sector
Direct Marketing, Private Markets, Contract farming
 Creation of Network of farmers’ SHGs
 Contract farming through Public Private Partnership
 Credit disbursal only through viable End-to-End projects
 Enhancement of subsidy on water carrying pipes and
renovators

47. Weed removal by the WUA farmers at SWARNA project

48. Presentation on proposed modernization activities at WYRA project

49. Questions from the farmers
How do farmers sell the Agriculture product?
What kind of value addition will do for their
agriculture product?
What kind of storage facilities do you have to store the
Agriculture product?
How farmers will manage the machinery /equipment?
Do they purchase or hire? If they pay rent, how do they
manage?

50. “Any progress is a result of collective efforts “
Thank you
Water is life's mater and matrix, mother and medium. There is no life without water