This document discusses different methods for extracting essential oils from spices, focusing on steam distillation. It begins by introducing spices and their uses in food, then describes three types of spice extracts - essential oils, oleoresins, and oil/oleoresin derivatives. It explains that steam distillation is commonly used to extract temperature-sensitive essential oils without decomposition. The document outlines the steam distillation process, applications, and limitations. It also discusses evolved extraction methods like vacuum distillation and solvent extraction that are now more commonly used industrially.

1. S U B M I T T E D T O - E R N I T I N
S U B M I T T E D B Y - A N U H A R S H G A U R ( 1 5 - I F T -
0 1 1 ) A R P A N R A Y ( 1 5 - I F T - 0 1 7 ) V I K A S H
K U M A R ( 1 5 - I F T - 0 2 1 )
Application of Steam Distillation In
Spice Oil Extraction

2. Introduction
 Plant or plant’s parts that are used to enhance the
flavour/taste of human food are popularly termed as
spices.
 Used for flavour, colour and preservation of food and
food products.
 Important spices are vanilla, pepper, cumin etc.
 India is considered as home of spices.

3. Spice extract are of three types-
Essential oil
Oleoresin
Derivative of oil
and oleoresin

4. Essential oil
 Spice oils are the volatile components present in
most spices.
 They provide the characteristic aroma of the spices.
 Mostly used in food, cosmetics, perfumes and
personal hygiene products

5. Spice Oleoresins
 Spice oleoresins represent the complete flavour
profile of the spice.
 It contains the volatile as well as non volatile
constituents of spices.
 Oleoresins can be defined as the true essence of the
spices.
 Spice oleoresins guarantee superior quality of
flavour and aroma.

6. Difference Between Oil and Oleoresin
Oil
Volatile aroma
compounds
Liquid
Oleoresin
Contains both
volatile and
non volatile
compounds.
Liquid, semi-
solid or solid

7. IN INDIA
 With the discovery of the New World came new
spices, including allspice, chili peppers, vanilla,
and chocolate.
 It is the main reason why the BRITISHERS and
PORTUGESE rule us more than 200 years
 A context of spices is seen in early Vedas and
RAMAYANA and is considered as old as human
civilization

8. India and the spices
 Indian spices are known for it’s flavors
 India - Largest consumer, producer, exporter of
spices.
 China second largest producer
 109 all over the word
 52 in the India
 India’s world share of spice trade is 45-50%

9. Steam Distillation Process
 Steam distillation is a special type
of distillation (a separation process) for temperature
sensitive materials like
natural aromatic compounds.
 Some organic compounds tend to decompose at
higher temperature and normal distillation does not
suit the purpose.
 It is a unit operation more or less a physical
separation process.

11. Principle
 It is a way of separating two immiscible liquid based
on their volatilities .
 The boiling points of liquids are minimized ,
permitting the liquids to be vaporized at lower
temperature then their boiling point.
 The liquids are then condensed and we get the
component we wanted to extracted.

12. Procedure
 The industrial process is widely used in extracting
out the organic matter by passing out steam through
plant materials.
 Temperature sensitive components which would
otherwise decompose through simple distillation
vaporize at lower temper in distillation tube.
 This allows separation of essential oils which tends
to less soluble than other complex materials.

13.  When steam is passed through organic material, tiny
pockets holding the essential oil release the oil
without damaging it.
 The distillate contains water vapors along with the
oils which condenses into respective liquid in
condensing apparatus.
 Then they are separated using a Florentine
separator.

15. Applications
 Steam distillation is employed in the isolation
of essential oils.
 Steam distillation is also widely used in petroleum
refineries and petrochemical plants.
 Steam distillation also is an important means of
separating fatty acids from mixtures.

16. Setback
 The disadvantage of having a higher initial cost for
investment in the equipment needed to execute the
process successfully.
 You'll need some initial training in order to operate
the equipment.
 A final hidden cost to the process is the cost of
maintaining and repairing your equipment.
Note- Due to these fallback of steam distillation
evolution of new processes took place.

17. Vacuum Distillation
 The evolved form of steam distillation process.
 Vacuum distillation is a method
of distillation performed under reduced pressure.
 As with distillation, this technique separates
compounds based on differences in boiling points.
 A reduced pressure decreases the boiling point of
compounds.

18. Vacuum
Distillation
•Mostly used
in petroleum
refineries.
•Industries are
adapting the
evolved
distillation
process.
•Requires
skilled labor
for operation.

19. Solvent Extraction
 Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), also known
as solvent extraction and partitioning.
 It is a method to separate compounds or metal
complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two
different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar)
and an organic solvent (non-polar).

20. Solvent
Extraction
•Oleoresins are
extracted by solvent
extraction or
supercritical fluid
extraction process.
•In a solvent
extraction process,
oleoresins are
obtained from
spices by extracting
with a non-aqueous
solvent followed by
removal of the
solvent by
evaporation.

21. Conclusion
 Despite being the cost of instrumentation and
operation high it is still considered as best way for oil
extraction in current era.
 Lower boiling point provides no viable loss of flavor
and aromatic volatile compounds.
 Manual liability is less.

22. References
 https://www.leaf.tv/articles/advantages-disadvantages-of-steam-
distillation/
 http://www.lalaessentialoils.com/steam-distillation.html
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwHFxXRl-Ig
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_distillation
 https://sciencing.com/principles-steam-distillation-6129502.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_distillation#Industrial-
scale_applications
 http://www.metacafe.com/watch/506986/how_to_perform_a_vac
uum_distillation/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%E2%80%93liquid_extractio
n
 http://www.organicspices.com/organicextracts/

23. Thank you