DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to identify individuals using samples of their DNA. It was invented by Alex Jeffreys in 1985 and involves isolating DNA, digesting it with restriction enzymes, separating the fragments electrophoretically, transferring them to a membrane, probing them, and developing an autoradiograph to visualize the unique pattern of fragments for each individual. DNA fingerprinting has applications in diagnosing inherited disorders, crime investigation by comparing DNA profiles from crime scenes to suspects, determining parentage in cases, and personal identification such as for military casualties.
This presentation is about DNA fingerprinting, a brief description is given about its principle, working, technique and its application with a example.
Sanger sequencing is a method of DNA sequencing based on the selective incorporation of chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides by DNA polymerase during in vitro DNA replication.
Genomic library and shotgun sequencing. It includes the topics about genomic library,construction method, its uses and applications, shotgun sequencing, difference between random and whole genome sequencing, its advantages and disadvantages etc.
This presentation is about DNA fingerprinting, a brief description is given about its principle, working, technique and its application with a example.
Sanger sequencing is a method of DNA sequencing based on the selective incorporation of chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides by DNA polymerase during in vitro DNA replication.
Genomic library and shotgun sequencing. It includes the topics about genomic library,construction method, its uses and applications, shotgun sequencing, difference between random and whole genome sequencing, its advantages and disadvantages etc.
RAPD markers are decamer DNA fragments.
RAPD is a type of PCR reaction.
as the name suggest it is a fast method when compared to the traditional PCR medthod.
DNA fingerprinting is a research facility procedure used to set up a connection between natural proof and a suspect in a criminal examination. A DNA test taken from a wrongdoing scene is contrasted and a DNA test from a suspect. On the off chance that the two DNA profiles are a match, at that point the proof originated from that suspect. On the other hand, on the off chance that the two DNA profiles don't coordinate, at that point the proof can't have originated from the suspect. DNA fingerprinting is likewise used to build up paternity.
Techniques based on the principle of selectively amplifying a subset of restriction fragments from a complex mixture of DNA fragments obtained after digestion of genomic DNA with restriction endonucleases.
A physical map of a chromosome or a genome that shows the physical locations of genes and other DNA sequences of interest. Physical maps are used to help scientists identify and isolate genes by positional cloning.
According to the ICSM (Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping), there are five different types of maps: General Reference, Topographical, Thematic, Navigation Charts and Cadastral Maps and Plans.
RAPD markers are decamer DNA fragments.
RAPD is a type of PCR reaction.
as the name suggest it is a fast method when compared to the traditional PCR medthod.
DNA fingerprinting is a research facility procedure used to set up a connection between natural proof and a suspect in a criminal examination. A DNA test taken from a wrongdoing scene is contrasted and a DNA test from a suspect. On the off chance that the two DNA profiles are a match, at that point the proof originated from that suspect. On the other hand, on the off chance that the two DNA profiles don't coordinate, at that point the proof can't have originated from the suspect. DNA fingerprinting is likewise used to build up paternity.
Techniques based on the principle of selectively amplifying a subset of restriction fragments from a complex mixture of DNA fragments obtained after digestion of genomic DNA with restriction endonucleases.
A physical map of a chromosome or a genome that shows the physical locations of genes and other DNA sequences of interest. Physical maps are used to help scientists identify and isolate genes by positional cloning.
According to the ICSM (Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping), there are five different types of maps: General Reference, Topographical, Thematic, Navigation Charts and Cadastral Maps and Plans.
The methods for producing a DNA profile were developed by Alec Jeffreys and his team in 1985. Jefferys discovered that an unknown sample of DNA such as blood, hair, saliva, or semen could be analyzed and a unique DNA pattern/profile could be developed.
DNA analysis was first discovered, a process called Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was used to analyze
DNA analysis is a cornerstone technique in forensic science, used to identify individuals and establish genetic relationships. It involves extracting DNA from biological samples found at crime scenes, such as blood, hair, saliva, or skin cells, and comparing it to known samples, like those from suspects or victims.
Forensic and Medico-legal applications of DNA Fingerprinting Jyoti Ganer (Baragi)
DNA Technology provides a tool in the hands of Police/Law with a potential “genetic eyewitness”, thus linking crime with criminal and regarded as the standard of excellence for the development of impartial, unbiased scientific evidence to ensure accuracy, transparency and fairness in criminal justice system.
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2. Introduction
• DNA Fingerprinting is a way to identify a certain individual, rather
than simply identifying a species or a particular trait.
• A technique used by scientists to distinguish between individuals of
the same species using only samples of their DNA.
3. The process of DNA
fingerprinting was
invented by Alex
Jeffreys in 1985.
4. A general procedure of DNA fingerprinting
Step 1: Isolation of DNA
Step 2:Digestion of DNA restriction
endonucleases
Step 3: Electrophoretic separation of
different fragments
Step 4: Transfer DNA on
Nylon/Nitrocellulose membrane
Step5: Probing/probe labelling
Step 6: Autoradiography/ X-ray
6. Diagnosis of Inherited Disorders
Helps diagnose disorders in both
prenatal and new born babies
Disorders may include cystic
fibrosis, haemophilia, Huntington’s
disease, familial Alzheimer’s, sickle
cell anemia, thalassemia, and
much more.
7. Crime investigation
Forensic science is the use of
scientific knowledge in legal
situations.
The DNA profile of each individual
is highly specific.
The chances of two people having
exactly the same DNA profile is
30,000 million to 1 (except for
identical twins).
8. DNA fingerprinting can solve the crime
The pattern of the DNA profile is then compared with those of the
victim and the suspect.
If the profile matches the suspect it provides strong evidence that the
suspect was present at the crime scene.
If the profile doesn’t match the suspect then that suspect may be
eliminated from the enquiry.
9. Example
• A violent murder
occurred.
• The forensics team
retrieved a blood sample
from the crime scene.
• They prepared DNA
profiles of the blood
sample, the victim and a
suspect as follows
10. Solving Medical problem
• DNA profiles can be used to determine whether a particular person is
the parent of a child.
• A child’s paternity (father) and maternity(mother) can be determined.
• This information can be used in
Paternity suits
Inheritance cases
Immigration cases
11. Example: A paternity test
• By comparing the DNA profile
of a mother and her child
• identify DNA fragments in the
child which are absent from
the mother and must
therefore have been inherited
from the biological father.
12. Personal identification
The U.S. armed services are just
beginning a program where they
collect DNA fingerprints from all
personnel for later use, in case
they need to identify casualties
or missing people.
13. Some other use of DNA fingerprinting
• Identification of carcass of tissues
• Detection of somatic mutations or cancer
• Pathogen identification
• Detection of loci controlling quantitative traits or disease resistance
• Sex determination
• Individual identification
