Group A presented on ways to prevent transmission of infectious diseases in dentistry. They discussed the chain of infection and its seven links: pathogen, reservoir, exit portal, mode of transmission, entry portal, and susceptible host. Breaking any link, such as proper sterilization of instruments to prevent indirect transmission, can stop the spread of infection. They provided examples of bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens that can transmit between patients and dentists if infection control procedures are not followed.

1. Presented by:
Group A

4. For an infection to develop,
each link of the chain must
be connected. Breaking any
link of the chain can stop the
transmission of infection!

5. 1-Infectious pathogens and diseases which may infect
patient through dentistry.
2-Reservoir of these pathogens.
3-portal of exit.
4-mode of transmission.
5-portal of entry.
6-susceptible host.
7-How can we break any link of the chain which will
prevent transmission of the infective pathogen?

6. Def:-
Any microorganism that can cause a disease such as a
bacterium, virus, parasite, or fungus.
Reasons that the organism will cause an infection are:
virulence (ability to multiply and grow(
invasiveness (ability to enter tissue(
pathogenicity (ability to cause disease(.

8. Several bacteria can transmit from
patient to dentist causing disease if it
have the three previous factors in
addition to the inoculum dose
(infective dose) which means the
minimal number of bacterial cells
sufficient for disease production,
under normal host conditions.

10. 1-Brucella SP.
2-Bacillus cereus.
3-VibriO SP.
4-Clostridium botulinum.
5-Campylobacter sp.
5-Yersinia enterocolitica.
Mycobacterium sp. 6-
Streptococcus sp. 7-
8-Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

11. 9-Legionella sp.
10-s.aureus.

12. Mumps virus transmission y saliva

13. Virsuses like hepatitis B and C viruses can also
transmitted through dental instrument contaminated
with blood whish is infected by these viruses.

15. Like candida and candida species.
4 most common species of genus Candida that
cause disease are:
C. albicans (in 90-100% of clinical
specimens)
C. glabrata (in < 10%)
C. parapsilosis (in < 10%)
C. tropicalis (in < 10%)

17. The place where the
microorganism resides, thrives,
and reproduces, i.e., food, water,
toilet seat, elevator buttons,
human feces, respiratory
secretions.

18. The place where the organism leaves
the reservoir, such as the respiratory
tract (nose, mouth), intestinal tract
(rectum), urinary tract, or blood and
other body fluids.

19. The means by which an organism transfers from one
carrier to another by either direct transmission
(direct contact between infectious host and
susceptible host) or indirect transmission (which
involves an intermediate carrier like an
environmental surface or piece of medical
equipment(.

20. The opening where an infectious disease enters the
host’s body such as mucus membranes, open wound

21. The person who is at risk for developing an infection
from the disease. Several factors make a person more
susceptible to disease including age (young people
and elderly people generally are more at risk),
underlying chronic diseases such as diabetes or
asthma, conditions that weaken the immune system
like HIV, certain types of medications, invasive
devices like feeding tubes, and malnutrition.