Dentists and dental health care workers may face potential occupational hazards due to exposure risks inherent in the profession . Dental practitioners are at the risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens like HIV , HBV, HCV. STRESS can never be totally eliminated from dental practise , however it can be managed .
https://userupload.net/yk8shpcpwk19
Dentistry can do so much these days to improve a person’s health, appearance and self-confidence. From barely noticeable braces that straighten crooked smiles to dental implants that replace missing teeth, there is a state-of-the-art solution to virtually any dental problem. Of course, like anything that involves the time and resources of skilled professionals, highly technical and sophisticated dental treatment doesn’t come inexpensively; indeed, the phrase “you get what you pay for” probably applies doubly to dentistry. Also, the types of treatment mentioned above, as well as many others, are often considered elective and therefore may not be covered (or only partially covered) by dental insurance. This can be the case even when a given procedure offers proven health benefits.
Dentists and dental health care workers may face potential occupational hazards due to exposure risks inherent in the profession . Dental practitioners are at the risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens like HIV , HBV, HCV. STRESS can never be totally eliminated from dental practise , however it can be managed .
https://userupload.net/yk8shpcpwk19
Dentistry can do so much these days to improve a person’s health, appearance and self-confidence. From barely noticeable braces that straighten crooked smiles to dental implants that replace missing teeth, there is a state-of-the-art solution to virtually any dental problem. Of course, like anything that involves the time and resources of skilled professionals, highly technical and sophisticated dental treatment doesn’t come inexpensively; indeed, the phrase “you get what you pay for” probably applies doubly to dentistry. Also, the types of treatment mentioned above, as well as many others, are often considered elective and therefore may not be covered (or only partially covered) by dental insurance. This can be the case even when a given procedure offers proven health benefits.
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
This report, prepared by the student at the College of Dentistry, Hassan Atheed , in the third phase discusses scientific topics, but it maybe did not be 100% complete.
Although modern dentistry has been described as probably among the least hazardous of all occupations, many risks remain in dental practice which continue to challenge this status. These include percutaneous exposure incidents (PEI), exposure to infectious agents including bio aerosols, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), eye injuries, vibration induced neuropathy, exposure to radiation, noise and dental materials and psychological conditions. When such risks cannot be engineered out of the dental clinic, appropriate occupational health and safety measures need to be adopted by dental staff and dental students. The current paper reviews
studies relating to occupational hazards and occupational health problems in dental practice, updating a previous literature review.
حسن عضيد
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
This report, prepared by the student at the College of Dentistry, Hassan Atheed , in the third phase discusses scientific topics, but it maybe did not be 100% complete.
Although modern dentistry has been described as probably among the least hazardous of all occupations, many risks remain in dental practice which continue to challenge this status. These include percutaneous exposure incidents (PEI), exposure to infectious agents including bio aerosols, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), eye injuries, vibration induced neuropathy, exposure to radiation, noise and dental materials and psychological conditions. When such risks cannot be engineered out of the dental clinic, appropriate occupational health and safety measures need to be adopted by dental staff and dental students. The current paper reviews
studies relating to occupational hazards and occupational health problems in dental practice, updating a previous literature review.
حسن عضيد
Health and safety of employees are essential aspects of organization's smooth and effective functioning.
Good health and safety performance ensure an accident free work environment.
This lecture begins by defining OHS, its epidemiology, functions, the different sources of occupational hazards-broadly and in details, as well as the principles of OHS management.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
1. Occupational Hazards in Dentistry
Occupational hazard can be defined as a risk to a person usually arising out of employment.
It can also refer to a work, material, substance, process, or situation that predisposes or
itself causes accidents or diseased a work place.
The practice of dentistry exposes dental professionals to a variety of work related hazards.
These includes:
• Working in a sanitary state
• Working at a high level of concentration for long hours
• Working with anxious patients
• Exposure to microbial aerosols generated by high speed rotary hand pieces.
• Exposure to various chemicals used in clinical dental practice
• Other hazards.
2. The major occupational hazards are:
• Biological health hazards
• Physical hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Musculoskeletal disorders and diseases of the PNS
• Mechanical hazards
• Psychosocial hazard
• Stress
• Legal hazards
• Other risk
3. 1. Biological hazards
The dental environment is associated with a significant risk of exposure to various
microorganisms. Many infectious agents may be present in blood or saliva as a
consequence of bacteremia or vermeil associated with systemic infections.
• Dental patients and dental health care workers may be exposed to a variety of
microorganisms via blood or oral or respiratory secretion. It includes
• Cytomegalovirus,
• Hepatitis B virus (HBV),
• Hepatitis C virus (HCV),
• Her-pes simplex virus types 1 and 2,
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
• Staphylococci,
• Streptococci,
• and other viruses and bacteria especially those that infect the upper respiratory
tract.
4. Modes of transmission in dentistry
• HBV is transmitted both percutaneously and non-percutaneously.
• During treatment multiple opportunities exist for inadvertent
percutaneous wounds to the operator and staff.
• Non percutaneous transmission in the dental environment includes
transfer of infectious bodily secretions such as saliva, blood and
crevicular fluid.
• Dental practitioners are considered as a group with one of the highest
risk exposures to HBV.
5. 2. Physical hazards
The dentist and the clinical staff are at risk of physical injuries during
many dental procedures. Sources of physical injury can include debris
from the oral cavity striking the eyes, cuts from sharp instruments, or
puncture wounds from needles or other sharp instruments. Such
injuries can result in the transmission of serious infectious disease to
the dental worker. It comprises:
Heat and cold
Light
Noise
Vibration
Ultraviolet radiation
Ionizing radiation
6. 3. Chemical hazards
The chemical environment is one of the most rapidly expanding components of
the work environment because new chemicals and solutions are being introduced
regularly. Many biomaterials and auxiliary products used in dentistry are
chemically reactive. Hazardous chemical agents used in clinical dentistry include
mercury, powdered natural rubber latex (NRL),
• 3.1 Mercury
• Its use in dental amalgam has the potential for continuous occupational
exposure of a dental practitioner to mercurial vapor which can be absorbed via
the skin and lungs. The active component in the mercurial vapor has an affinity
for brain tissue.
• 3.2 Latex hypersensitivity
• Gloves and mask form an integral part of dentist’s protective equipment. Latex
gloves dusted with com starch powder are most often used. The gloves and the
mask form an efficient barrier against most pathogens; they also constitute a
very good barrier against viruses, provided they are intact.
7. • Chemical hazards act in three ways:
• Local action
• Inhalation
Gases, Dusts, and Metals and their compounds
• Ingestion.
4. Musculoskeletal disorders and diseases of PNS
• At work, the dentist assumes a strained posture both while standing and
sitting close to a patient, while providing care which causes an overstress of
the spine and limbs and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This results in
back pain syndrome, neck discopathy, cervicocranial pains and carpel tunnel
syndrome.
8. 5.Mechanical hazards
• The mechanical hazards in industry centre around machinery,
protruding moving parts and the like. About 10 percent of accidents
in industry are said to be due to mechanical causes. Though not
alarming it can be reduced or avoided by being careful while
operating, e.g. traumatic injuries due to projectiles carelessness while
using sharp instruments aeroters etc.
6. Psychosocial hazards
• The psychosocial hazards arise from the worker’s failure to adapt to
an alien psychosocial environment. Frustrations, lack of job
satisfaction, insecurity, emotional tension are some of the
psychosocial factors that undermine the physical and mental health of
the workers.
9. 7. Legal hazards
• In every country there are relevant statutes and regulations which
apply to the practice of dentistry.to help assure a safe work
environment in dental treatment, the hazard awareness and
prevention of legal risks should be made known to all clinical workers
of the dental hospital/clinic.
8. Other risks
• Mild neuropathy among dental professionals has been shown to be
associated with high frequency vibrations from dental equipment’s,
particularly high and low speed hand pieces and ultrasonic scalers.
Prevention of occupational hazards
Education is one of the important strategies for the prevention of
occupational injuries and diseases. The role of one’s occupation as an
important factor in maintaining personal health needs to be constantly
emphasized so workers understand any possible negative health
implication of their jobs and how to minimize them
10. Concerning prevention, the international literature focuses mostly on infection
control and proper handling of potentially infected materials, owing to the high
profile of dentistry regarding transmission of infection. Barrier techniques
include gloves, masks, protective eye wear, high power suction and good
ventilation to reduce aerosols and vapor dangers. Hypoallergenic nonlatex gloves
are proposed to deal with latex allergy. Lead aprons, periodic maintenance of the
X-ray machine and radiation level sensors prevent radiation hazards.
11. Conclusion
Dental health workers are exposed to many occupational hazards ranging from
the threat of infectious disease, toxicity to chemicals routinely used in dentistry
and musculoskeletal disease consequential to poor working position. A
systematic approach to occupational hazards in the dental setting are:
• List all work related tasks and activities,
• Identify potential biological, chemical,
• Physical and psychological hazards associated with each task,
• Assess the risk of the hazards by considering the severity of consequences of
exposure, the probability that the exposure will occur and the frequency the
task is done,
• Implement the controls for each hazard,
• Evaluate the controls periodically to ensure they are effective.
