Dentists and dental health care workers may face potential occupational hazards due to exposure risks inherent in the profession . Dental practitioners are at the risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens like HIV , HBV, HCV. STRESS can never be totally eliminated from dental practise , however it can be managed .
Dentists and dental health care workers may face potential occupational hazards due to exposure risks inherent in the profession . Dental practitioners are at the risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens like HIV , HBV, HCV. STRESS can never be totally eliminated from dental practise , however it can be managed .
Dental Plaque
Soft deposits that form the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or other hard surfaces in the oral cavity, including removable & fixed restorations”
Bowen , 1976
Bacterial aggregations on the teeth or other solid oral structures
Lindhe, 2003
Atraumatic restorative treatment (art) for tooth
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART), is based on removing decalcified tooth tissue using only hand instruments and restoring the cavity with an adhesive filling material.
A minimally invasive approach to both prevent dental carious lesions and stop its further progression
A well pictured presentation on Endodontic Instrumentation for UG students. Best for getting a good grip on the topic as a whole. Meant to supplement not substitute standard texts.
Cross infection control in dentistry (Few basic points)Sumaiya Hasan
Recently, dentistry has been one of the few reasons of the spread of some major diseases such as hepatitis etc. If proper cross infection control is maintained by taking few precautions then this transfer of diseases can be stopped. This presentation contains only some basic precautions which should be taken to prevent cross infection.
STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION IN A DENTAL CLINIC pptVineetha K
One of the basic things you need to know before starting a dental clinic. This presentation covers the basics of sterilization and disinfection in a dental setting.
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
TYPES OF TRAUMA FROM OCCLUSION
GLICKMAN CONCEPT
WAERHAUG CONCEPT
STAGES OF TISSUE RESPONSE TO INJURY
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF TFO
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TFO
TFO AND IMPLANTS
TREATMENT OF TFO
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
Dental Plaque
Soft deposits that form the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or other hard surfaces in the oral cavity, including removable & fixed restorations”
Bowen , 1976
Bacterial aggregations on the teeth or other solid oral structures
Lindhe, 2003
Atraumatic restorative treatment (art) for tooth
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART), is based on removing decalcified tooth tissue using only hand instruments and restoring the cavity with an adhesive filling material.
A minimally invasive approach to both prevent dental carious lesions and stop its further progression
A well pictured presentation on Endodontic Instrumentation for UG students. Best for getting a good grip on the topic as a whole. Meant to supplement not substitute standard texts.
Cross infection control in dentistry (Few basic points)Sumaiya Hasan
Recently, dentistry has been one of the few reasons of the spread of some major diseases such as hepatitis etc. If proper cross infection control is maintained by taking few precautions then this transfer of diseases can be stopped. This presentation contains only some basic precautions which should be taken to prevent cross infection.
STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION IN A DENTAL CLINIC pptVineetha K
One of the basic things you need to know before starting a dental clinic. This presentation covers the basics of sterilization and disinfection in a dental setting.
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
TYPES OF TRAUMA FROM OCCLUSION
GLICKMAN CONCEPT
WAERHAUG CONCEPT
STAGES OF TISSUE RESPONSE TO INJURY
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF TFO
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TFO
TFO AND IMPLANTS
TREATMENT OF TFO
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
Infection control in dental clinic and management of sterile and contaminated...Arun Mangalathu
Sterilization , Disinfection and management of Instruments in dental clinic, Lecture delivered by Dr Arun George for indian Dental Association ,Malanadu branch during dental Assistance training programme
Current concepts in Asepsis and Infection control in a Dental ClinincArun1g
Current concepts in Asepsis and Infection control in a Dental Clininic. Lecture deilevered to Indian dental association Malanadu Branch.kerala, India.
By Dr Arun George MDS, Cosultant Maxillofacial surgeon India
Infection prevention and control is required to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases in all health care settings.
Infection prevention and control demands a basic understanding of the epidemiology of diseases; risk factors that increase patient susceptibility to infection; and the practices, procedures and treatments that may result in infections.
The risk of acquiring a healthcare-associated infection is related to the mode of transmission of the infectious agent , the type of patient-care activity or procedure being performed and the underlying patient's host defenses.
Healthcare workers should be vaccinated against preventable diseases such as hepatitis B.
Personnel at risk for exposure to tuberculosis should be screened per recommendations.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT-Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to a variety of barriers used either alone or in combination to protect health care workers from contact with transmissible pathogens.
These include single-use disposable gloves, aprons and long-sleeved gowns as well as facial protection for eyes, nose and mouth.
Facial protection, footwear and hair cover or cap.For PPE to be protective and considered appropriate, blood and body fluids must not be able to penetrate the PPE material.
The equipment must be accessible to the employee and must be worn whenever there is the potential for exposure to infectious material; it must be removed before leaving the work area and must be placed in an area designated for PPE.
Ensure sufficient supplies of appropriate PPE. HCWs should be trained on the use of PPE as part of the infection prevention and control (IPC) training.
PPE should be removed prior to leaving the isolation room and discarded into appropriate health care waste stream.
PPE should be put on and taken off in correct sequence and disposed in accordance with the Biomedical Waste Management and Handing Rules 2016, and 2018.
Hand hygiene should always be the final step following removal and disposal of PPE.
All respirators should be fit-tested for each individual so that each person is assured that his or hers is working properly. Males must have their facial hair to achieve a tight fit.
Uses-Healthcare workers (HCWs) who provide direct care to patients and who may come in contact with blood, body fluids, excretions, and secretions.
Support staff including cleaners, and laundry staff in situations where they may have contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions.
Laboratory staff, who handle patient specimens
Family members who provide care to patients and are in a situation where they may have contact with blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions.
Healthcare workers (HCWs) in a hemodialysis unit, because of the high risk of transmission of blood-borne infections during the various activities associated with hemodialysis and handling of equipment.
Patients in a hemodialysis unit, in the form of a barrier over clothing during cannulation
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
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2. CONTENTS
*INFECTION
DEFINITION
MODES OF TRANSMISSION
EXPOSURE RISK IN DENTAL OPERATORY
CHAIN OF INFECTION
COMMON INFECTION CONCERN IN DENTISTRY
*INFECTION CONTROL IN DENTISTRY
CATEGORIES OF TASK IN RELATION TO RISK
EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN BY OSHA
PERSONAL BARRIER TECHNIQUE FOR INFECTION CONTROL
USE AND CARE OF SHARP INSTRUMENTS
STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION
CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS ON RISK OF TRANSMITTING INFECTION
3. INFECTION
The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such
as bacteria, viruses and parasites that are not normally
present within the body.
MODES OF TRANSMISSION
*DIRECT CONTACT-with blood and any body fluids.
*INDIRECT CONTACT- with contaminated instruments or
surface contact of mucosa of the eyes, nose and mouth
with droplets or spatter.
*INHALATION- of airborne micro-organisms.
4. EXPOSURE RISK IN DENTAL
OPERATORY
AIRBORNE CONTAMINATION
Through aerosol, droplets and spatter
HAND TO SURFACE CONTAMINATION
With saliva contaminated hands the dentist could repeatedly contact or handle
unprotected operatory surfaces during treatment if not careful
CROSS INFECTION
The transmission of infectious agent between patients and staff within a clinical
environment
PATIENTS VULNERABILITY
Dentist to patient transmission of infection
PERSONAL VULNERABILITY/ DENTIST VULNERABILITY
When dentist experience exposure to saliva ,blood, injury from sharp instruments
while treating patients, they are vulnerable to infections if they have not had
proper immunization and protective barrier’s
6. COMMON INFECTION CONCERN
IN DENTISTRY
TRANSMITTED BY
INHALATION
*VARICELLA VIRUS
-Measles and Mumps
*RHINO/ADENO VIRUS
-Common Cold
*MYOBACTERIUM
-Tuberculosis
*CANDIDA SPECIES
-Candidiasis
TRANSMITTED BY
INOCULATION
*HEPATITIS B,C,
-Hepatitis
* HERPES SIMPLEX
-Herpes
* HIV
- AIDS
*TREPONEMA PALLIDUM
- Syphilis
7. COMMON INFECTIOUS AGENT
PRESENT IN ORAL CAVITY
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus sobrinus
Lacto bacilli
Actinomyces species
Contributes in dental carries and other oral
infections.
8. INFECTION CONTROL IN DENTISTRY
Also called “Exposure Control Plan” by OSHA is a
required office program that is designed to protect
personnel against risk of exposure to infection
9. CATEGORIES OF TASK IN RELATION
TO RISK
*AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION-OCCUPATION SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT
Guidelines advise that all under category I and II be trained in infection control to protect
themselves and their patients.
10. EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN BY OSHA
Use of universal precaution
Required use of personal protective equipment
Laundry of contaminated protective clothing
Policy on general waste disposal
Standardized hand washing protocol
Hepatitis B virus vaccination
Post exposure evaluation and medical follow up
12. PERSONAL BARRIER TECHNIQUE
FOR INFECTION CONTROL
*WASHING AND CARE OF HANDS
DHCWs should wash their hands before and after
treating each patient
For routine dental examination procedures -
The purpose of surgical hand antisepsis is to eliminate
transient flora and reduce resident flora to prevent
introduction of organisms in the operative wound if loves
become punctured or torn
Hand cleansers are also available such as chlorhexidine
based, povidine iodine, alcohol hand rubs etc
13. *GLOVES
For protection of personal and patients in dental care
setting , medical gloves (latex or vinyl) always must be
worn – when their is potential for contacting blood,
blood contaminated saliva or mucous membrane
Non sterile gloves – appropriate for examination and non
surgical procedures
Sterile gloves – used for surgical procedures
14. *GOWNS
REUSABLE
Reusable protective clothing should be washed using a
normal laundry cycle.
It should be changed daily
DISPOSABLE
Should be disposed after single use.
REUSABLE DISPOSABLE
15. *MASKS/ PROTECTIVE EYE WEAR
Plastic face shields or surgical mask and protective eye
wear should be worn when splashing or spattering of
blood or other body fluid is likely common in dentistry
Mask should be changed for every patient eye wear
should be cleaned with cleaning agents
16. USE AND CARE OF SHARP
INSTRUMENTS
Sharp items (needles, scalpel,blades,wires) contaminated
with patients blood and saliva should be considered as
potentially infective and handled with care to prevent
injuries
Used disposable syringes and needles ,scalpel blades and
other sharp items should be placed in appropriate
puncture resistant containers
PUNCTURE RESISTANT CONTAINER
17. STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION
STERILIZATION- use of a physical or chemical
procedure to destroy all micro-organisms
including resistant bacterial spores
DISINFECTION-destruction of all pathogenic
micro-organisms by physical or chemical
means except bacterial spores or inanimate
objects
19. All critical and semi critical dental instruments that are
heat stable should be sterilized by common methods like
AUTOCLAVE – Reliable and rapid method ,all living
organisms are destroyed at 121 degree Celsius
temperature and 15 IBS pressure -15 minutes
DRY HEAT STERILIZER/ HOT AIR OVEN
*320 degree F - Exposure time- 60 to 120 minutes.
*375 degree F - 6 minutes for wrapped instruments
- 12 minutes for unwrapped instruments