The document discusses infection control in dentistry. It defines infection and the aims of infection control as eliminating the spread of microorganisms from patients and clinicians. The key aspects covered include cross-infection pathways, the chain of infection, transmission routes, CDC recommendations, decontamination methods, Spaulding's instrument classification, and prevention techniques. The chain of infection requires the presence of pathogens, a reservoir, transmission mode, host entrance, and susceptible host. Effective control strategies interrupt the chain.
We can can minimize the risks of disease transmission to our self and to the patients in the dental office through carefully following the infection control and safety guidelines,
Dr. Hesham Dameer
We can can minimize the risks of disease transmission to our self and to the patients in the dental office through carefully following the infection control and safety guidelines,
Dr. Hesham Dameer
Cross infection control in dentistry (Few basic points)Sumaiya Hasan
Recently, dentistry has been one of the few reasons of the spread of some major diseases such as hepatitis etc. If proper cross infection control is maintained by taking few precautions then this transfer of diseases can be stopped. This presentation contains only some basic precautions which should be taken to prevent cross infection.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Infection control in prosthodonticscs abhaydixit17
infection control measures important as procedure important, we should follow all the protocol which gives proper sterilization and aseptic condition.
now a days implant surgery is most common daily practices done by the dentist in the clinics and it becomes more critical to have a sound knowledge about infection control.
Current concepts in Asepsis and Infection control in a Dental ClinincArun1g
Current concepts in Asepsis and Infection control in a Dental Clininic. Lecture deilevered to Indian dental association Malanadu Branch.kerala, India.
By Dr Arun George MDS, Cosultant Maxillofacial surgeon India
Sterilization and Disinfection in ProsthodonticsJehan Dordi
Brief explanation of sterilization and disinfection methods. In-detail explanation of procedures for sterilization and disinfection of materials and armamentarium used in Prosthodontics.
Cross infection control in dentistry (Few basic points)Sumaiya Hasan
Recently, dentistry has been one of the few reasons of the spread of some major diseases such as hepatitis etc. If proper cross infection control is maintained by taking few precautions then this transfer of diseases can be stopped. This presentation contains only some basic precautions which should be taken to prevent cross infection.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Infection control in prosthodonticscs abhaydixit17
infection control measures important as procedure important, we should follow all the protocol which gives proper sterilization and aseptic condition.
now a days implant surgery is most common daily practices done by the dentist in the clinics and it becomes more critical to have a sound knowledge about infection control.
Current concepts in Asepsis and Infection control in a Dental ClinincArun1g
Current concepts in Asepsis and Infection control in a Dental Clininic. Lecture deilevered to Indian dental association Malanadu Branch.kerala, India.
By Dr Arun George MDS, Cosultant Maxillofacial surgeon India
Sterilization and Disinfection in ProsthodonticsJehan Dordi
Brief explanation of sterilization and disinfection methods. In-detail explanation of procedures for sterilization and disinfection of materials and armamentarium used in Prosthodontics.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
presentation on the most frequently encountered dental healthcare associated infections, including control measures; intended to be used as a support for students in dental medicine (second year of study)
Here saliva as a diagnostic biomarker has been explained via this powerpoint . extraction of saliva and diagnostic equipments and techniques are explained here by Dr Harshavardhan Patwal
Hospital acquired infections: The different common sources of infection, their routes of spread and the growing antimicrobial resistance. Also includes a discussion on hospital Infection prevention and control guidelines and the universal and standard precautions.
Over 1.4 million people each year worldwide suffer from hospital acquired infections. We can follow simple steps and protocols to prevent many of these cases.
Infection control prevents or stops the spread of infections in healthcare settings
sterilization is a process which kills all forms of microbial life including transmissible agents such as virus, bacteria, fungi and spore forms
disinfection is define as a destruction or inhibition of most pathogenic agent on the surface of inanimate object by chemical or physical means.
Methods of Handwashing are
A.Short Scrub
B. Short Standard Handwash
C. Surgical Hand Scrub
Measures practiced by health care personnel to prevent spread, transmission and acquisition of infection between clients, from health care providers to client and from client to health care providers.
-definition
-why is infection control important in health care facilities
-nosocomial infection
-standard precaution
-additional precaution
-role of infection control nurse
- donning of Ppe kit
- doffing of ppe kit
All these are explained in details with images
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
3. CONTENTS:
• Definition
• Aims Of Infection Control
• Cross Infection
• Chain of Infection
• Route of Transmission
• Centre of disease control (CDC) recommendations
• Decontamination
• Spaulding’s classification of instruments
• Prevention
• Barrier technique
3
4. What is Infection
The entry and development or
multiplication of an infectious
agent in the body of the host i.e.
humans or animals to produce
disease.
4
5. Infection Control
Primary Objective
• Elimination or reduction in spread from all
types/forms of microorganisms.
Factors involved in infection control
• Prevention and spread of microorganisms from their
host (patient & clinician).
• Killing or removal of microorganisms from objects
and surfaces.
5
6. Aims of Infection Control
To control/prevent iatrogenic infections
from their hosts among patients and
clinicians.
To Control/prevent Occupational
Exposure.
To control/prevent Cross Infection.
6
8. Pathways of cross infection
Patient to patient
Patient to practitioner
Practitioner to patient
Clinic to community
Clinic to practitioner’s family
Community to Patient
8
11. Chain/Process of Infection.
•An adequate number of pathogens, or disease-causing
organisms, to cause disease.
•A reservoir or source that allows the pathogen to survive
and multiply (e.g., blood).
•A mode of transmission from the source to the host.
•An entrance through which the pathogen may enter the
host.
•A susceptible host (i.e., one who is not immune).
11
12. • Infection through any of these routes requires that all of the
following conditions be present:
•An adequate number of pathogens, or disease-causing
organisms, to cause disease.
•A reservoir or source that allows the pathogen to survive and
multiply (e.g., blood).
•A mode of transmission from the source to the host.
•An entrance through which the pathogen may enter the host.
•A susceptible host (i.e., one who is not immune).
• The occurrence of all these events is considered the “chain” of
infection. Effective infection control strategies prevent disease
transmission by interrupting one or more links in the chain of
infection. 12
17. Centre of Disease Control
(CDC) recommends:
• “Consider each and every patient to be operated as potentially
infectious and routinely take standard/universal precautions
for each, to protect ourselves and to prevent cross infection”.
17
19. Decontamination
Sanitization
Reduction of viable microorganism to safe levels.
Sterilization
It is the process by which all forms of
microorganism are destroyed.
Disinfection/Antisepsis
It is the process by which chemicals are used to
prevent the multiplication of microorganism capable
of causing infection.
19
21. Methods of Sterilization in
Dentistry
• Autoclave
• Chemiclave
• Dry Heat
Other Methods
• Ethylene Gas
• Boiling water
• Ionizing Radiation
21
22. Methods of Sterilization in
Dentistry
Autoclave:
It is an efficient and reliable method by which
instruments are sterilized, using steam under
pressure which acts by inactivating essential
cellular proteins or enzymes of microorganisms.
It is ideal form of sterilization. (spore strip)
Dry heat sterilizer:
These sterilizers use hot air to kill
microorganisms by oxidation. They do not cause
corrosion.
22
23. Methods of Sterilization in
Dentistry
• Chemical vapor sterilizer:
Alcohols, Formaldehyde, ketone, water and acetone are
heated under pressure produces a gas that is effective
for sterilization by permeation of the heated
formaldehyde and alcohol.
Time 120 min. Temp. 120º C to 132º C with 20-40 lbs
pressure.
• Gaseous Sterilization:
Ethylene oxide gas when mixed with CO2 or
N2 . At 50ºC, time 3 hours it kills all microorganism
including spores.
23
24. Dry-Heat
Temperature Duration of Treatment
120º C (250º F) 6-12 hours
140º C (285º F) 3 hours
160º C (320º F) 2 hours
170º C (340º F) 1 hours
24
25. Steam Sterilization
Temperature Duration of Treatment
116º C (240º F) 60 minutes
118º C (245º F) 36 minutes
121º C (250º F) 24 min
125º C (257º F) 16 min
132º C (270º F) 4 min
138º C (280º F) 1-1/2 min
25
27. Critical
Items that are used in various specialties of
dentistry which pierce soft and hard tissues.
Burs, chisels, forceps.
DISEASE RISK High
METHOD Sterilization
EXAMPLES Surgical instruments
27
28. Semi Critical
Items which do not pierce soft and hard
Tissues but cross vermillion border into the
oral cavity. Mouth mirrors, condensers
DISEASE RISK High
METHOD Sterilization or Disinfection
EXAMPLES Hand piece, syringes, Impression trays.
28
29. Non Critical
Items that are used in various specialties
of dentistry which do not cross vermillion
border or penetrate soft and hard tissues.
X-ray heads
DISEASE RISK Moderate
METHOD Surface disinfection,
Sanitization & barrier
EXAMPLES Dental unit & accessories
29
30. Environmental
Items not directly in contact with skin or
mucous membrane
DISEASE RISK Low
METHOD Cleansing
EXAMPLES Tables ,counters
Floor surfaces & door handles
30
38. 1- To recognize carriers history of
Hepatitis/Jaundice
Venereal disease
Intravenous drug use
Hereditary bleeding disorders
38
39. 2- To recognize groups of people having high risk
of exposure.
Hemodialysis patients and technician
Hemophiliacs and blood bank workers
Dental Surgeons
General surgeons
39
40. 3- Use of barrier technique during
Surgery
Handling of contaminated objects
Clean up
40
41. 4- Prompt disposal of sharp objects into a
well-labeled protective container.
5- Use of an instrument to place a scalpel
blade on or taking one of a blade handle.
41