IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Modeling of wedm process for complex shape using multilayer perceptron and re...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Wire cut electric discharge machining is the present days requirement in manufacturing the intricate and complex shape parts as required in the modern industrial products. The process being complex in nature for control over the machining process parameters. In the present study Multilayer perceptron (MLP) model is developed to predict the Material removal rate. The mathematical regression model is also developed by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to establish the relationshIp between the MRR and input process parameters like pulse on time (Ton), Pulse off time (Toff), Peak current (IP) and Servo voltage (SV). The predicted value by using MLP and RSM were compared with the experimental values. The average percentage errors are found to be 1.29 and -0.36527 for MLP and RSM respectively. It is observed that the predicted values with RSM are closer to experimental values as compared to MLP model. Key Words: WEDM, Response Surface Methodology, Neural Network, Multi Layer Perception, Material Removal Rate, Surface Roughness
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Computer Based Free Vibration Analysis of Isotropic Thin Rectangular Flat CCC...theijes
The paper is aim at the development of a computer program for free vibration analysis of an all-round clamped (i.eCCCC) rectangular thin isotropic plate. Polynomial-based shape function for a CCCC plate, was used in Ritz energy equation to formulate an equation in term of a non-dimensional parameter 'k' for calculating the fundamental natural frequency of the plate. Computer program based on the formulated equation was develop in Matlab language for calculating fundamental natural frequency of a CCCC rectangular thin isotropic plate subjected to free vibration. To validate the values of the fundamental natural frequency obtained from the program, comparison was made between the values obtained and those available in relevant existing literatures. And the average percentage difference was 0.079% which is acceptable. Hence, it can be deduce that the computer program can be adopted as a better and faster alternative to the former rigorous approaches for obtaining the fundamental natural frequency of CCCC plate.
Theoretical and Software Based Comparison of Cantilever Beam: MODAL ANALYSISAM Publications
Modal analysis is a process of describing a structure in terms of its natural characteristics which are the
natural frequency and mode shape it's a dynamic property [1]. The change of modal characteristic directly provides force
excitation of structure condition based on change in frequency and mode shape of vibration. This paper presents results
of a theoretical modal analysis of beam made with different materials such as aluminium and mild steel. The beams
were excited assign impact hammer excitation frequency response functions (FRFS) were obtained using lab
view.(Signal Express). The FRFS were processed using signal express to identify the natural frequency and mode safe
of aluminium and mild steel beam.
Analysis and characterization of dendrite structures from microstructure imag...eSAT Journals
Abstract Digital Image processing (DIP) and Computer vision (CV) techniques have great support role in material manufacturing by providing precise insight of materials. The morphology of constituents in metal alloys basically depends on the process of solidification. The solidification method (air, oil or water) and time are the reasons for definite morphology of constituents. Dendrite structures are one of the, such morphological structures and many important properties of materials are closely related to the morphology of the dendrite. The information about solidification process of materials is a must-know information in the process of production of materials which can be extracted through characterization of dendrite structures. In this paper, an automated and robust method that comprises of image processing, computer vision and serial sectioning techniques as a means of 3D characterization of the solidified microstructures of magnesium-based alloys is presented. The phase fraction and morphologies of intermetallics of magnesium –aluminium alloy material are determined. The results obtained by proposed method are compared with the manual computations based on the Scheil–Gulliver solidification model [12,13] for the authenticity of proposed method. The comparison of results indicates that the results of the proposed method are much accurate compared to other methods. Therefore, the proposed method will enable a comprehensive understanding of solidification variables, microstructure, and properties. Keywords: Dendrite, three-dimensional analysis, serial sectioning, Scheil–Gulliver solidification model.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Modeling of wedm process for complex shape using multilayer perceptron and re...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Wire cut electric discharge machining is the present days requirement in manufacturing the intricate and complex shape parts as required in the modern industrial products. The process being complex in nature for control over the machining process parameters. In the present study Multilayer perceptron (MLP) model is developed to predict the Material removal rate. The mathematical regression model is also developed by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to establish the relationshIp between the MRR and input process parameters like pulse on time (Ton), Pulse off time (Toff), Peak current (IP) and Servo voltage (SV). The predicted value by using MLP and RSM were compared with the experimental values. The average percentage errors are found to be 1.29 and -0.36527 for MLP and RSM respectively. It is observed that the predicted values with RSM are closer to experimental values as compared to MLP model. Key Words: WEDM, Response Surface Methodology, Neural Network, Multi Layer Perception, Material Removal Rate, Surface Roughness
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Computer Based Free Vibration Analysis of Isotropic Thin Rectangular Flat CCC...theijes
The paper is aim at the development of a computer program for free vibration analysis of an all-round clamped (i.eCCCC) rectangular thin isotropic plate. Polynomial-based shape function for a CCCC plate, was used in Ritz energy equation to formulate an equation in term of a non-dimensional parameter 'k' for calculating the fundamental natural frequency of the plate. Computer program based on the formulated equation was develop in Matlab language for calculating fundamental natural frequency of a CCCC rectangular thin isotropic plate subjected to free vibration. To validate the values of the fundamental natural frequency obtained from the program, comparison was made between the values obtained and those available in relevant existing literatures. And the average percentage difference was 0.079% which is acceptable. Hence, it can be deduce that the computer program can be adopted as a better and faster alternative to the former rigorous approaches for obtaining the fundamental natural frequency of CCCC plate.
Theoretical and Software Based Comparison of Cantilever Beam: MODAL ANALYSISAM Publications
Modal analysis is a process of describing a structure in terms of its natural characteristics which are the
natural frequency and mode shape it's a dynamic property [1]. The change of modal characteristic directly provides force
excitation of structure condition based on change in frequency and mode shape of vibration. This paper presents results
of a theoretical modal analysis of beam made with different materials such as aluminium and mild steel. The beams
were excited assign impact hammer excitation frequency response functions (FRFS) were obtained using lab
view.(Signal Express). The FRFS were processed using signal express to identify the natural frequency and mode safe
of aluminium and mild steel beam.
Analysis and characterization of dendrite structures from microstructure imag...eSAT Journals
Abstract Digital Image processing (DIP) and Computer vision (CV) techniques have great support role in material manufacturing by providing precise insight of materials. The morphology of constituents in metal alloys basically depends on the process of solidification. The solidification method (air, oil or water) and time are the reasons for definite morphology of constituents. Dendrite structures are one of the, such morphological structures and many important properties of materials are closely related to the morphology of the dendrite. The information about solidification process of materials is a must-know information in the process of production of materials which can be extracted through characterization of dendrite structures. In this paper, an automated and robust method that comprises of image processing, computer vision and serial sectioning techniques as a means of 3D characterization of the solidified microstructures of magnesium-based alloys is presented. The phase fraction and morphologies of intermetallics of magnesium –aluminium alloy material are determined. The results obtained by proposed method are compared with the manual computations based on the Scheil–Gulliver solidification model [12,13] for the authenticity of proposed method. The comparison of results indicates that the results of the proposed method are much accurate compared to other methods. Therefore, the proposed method will enable a comprehensive understanding of solidification variables, microstructure, and properties. Keywords: Dendrite, three-dimensional analysis, serial sectioning, Scheil–Gulliver solidification model.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design and analysing of compact microstrip antenna with defected ground struc...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper a small size microstrip antenna with DGS (Defected ground structure) is designed and analyzed for UWB(Ultra
Wide Band) application. This antenna cover the complete frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with a very small geometry as
compared to a conventional antenna Dielectric substrate use in this antenna is Fr-4. This antenna is designed with a dimension is
36mm × 34 mm on a dielectric substrate Fr-4 whose permittivity εr =4.4 and height h = 1.6 mm. The result for return losses and
radiation patterns is simulated by using HFSS (High Frequency structure simulation) software. The High frequency structure
simulator is employed to analyze the planned antenna and simulated results on return loss, The ground element of the proposed
antenna is taken in the form of defected ground structure (DGS).
Keywords: Microstrip Antenna, UWB, DGS, Wide band, HFSS
Optimizing the process parameters of friction stir welded joint of magnesium ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Waste concrete is one of the most usable and economic kind of concrete which is used in many civil projects all around the world, and its importance is undeniable. Also, the explanation of constructional process and destruction of them cause the extensive growth of irreversible waste to the industry cycle, which can be as one of the main damaging factors to the economy. In this investigation, with using of constructional waste included concrete waste, brick, ceramic and tile and stone new aggregate was made. Also it was used with different weight ratios of cement in the mix design. The results of laboratory studies showed that the using of the ratio of sand to cement 1 and waste aggregate with 20% weight ratio (W20), replacing of normal aggregate, increased the 28 days compressive strength to the maximum stage 45.23 MPa. In the next stage, in order to develop the experimental results backpropagation neural network was used. This network with about 91% regression, 0.24 error, and 1.41 seconds, is a proper method for estimating results.
Inertial Sensor Array Calibration Made Easy !oblu.io
Ultra-low-cost single-chip inertial measurement units (IMUs) combined into IMU arrays are opening up new possibilities for inertial sensing. However, to make these systems practical, calibration and misalignment compensation of low-cost IMU arrays are necessary and a simple calibration procedure that aligns the sensitivity axes of the sensors in the array is needed. Team at KTH suggests a novel mechanical-rotation-rig-free calibration procedure based on blind system identification and a platonic solid (Icosahedron) printable by a contemporary 3D-printer. Matlab-scripts for the parameter estimation and production files for the calibration device are made available.
Performance Analysis of CRT for Image Encryption ijcisjournal
With the fast advancements of information technology, the security of image data transmitted or stored over
internet is become very difficult. To hide the details, an effective method is encryption, so that only
authorized persons can decrypt the image with the keys available. Since the default features of digital
image such as high capacity data, large redundancy and large similarities among pixels, the conventional
encryption algorithms such as AES, , DES, 3DES, and Blow Fish, are not applicable for real time image
encryption. This paper presents the performance of CRT for image encryption to secure storage and
transmission of image over internet.
Multi-way Array Decomposition on Acoustic Source Separation for Fault Diagnos...IJECEIAES
In this study, we propose a multi-way array decomposition approach to solve the complexity of approximate joint diagonalization process for fault diagnosis of a motor-pump system. Sources used in this study came from drive end-motor, nondrive end-motor, drive end pump, and nondrive end pump. An approximate joint diagonalization is a common approach to resolving an underdetermined cases in blind source separation. However, it has quite heavy computation and requires more complexity. In this study, we use an acoustic emission to detect faults based on multi-way array decomposition approach. Based on the obtained results, the difference types of machinery fault such as misalignment and outer bearing fault can be detected by vibration spectrum and estimated acoustic spectrum. The performance of proposed method is evaluated using MSE and LSD. Based on the results of the separation, the estimated signal of the nondrive end pump is the closest to the baseline signal compared to other signals with LSD is 1.914 and MSE is 0.0707. The instantaneous frequency of the estimated source signal will also be compared with the vibration signal in frequency spectrum to test the effectiveness of the proposed method.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Copy Move Forgery Detection Using GLCM Based Statistical Features ijcisjournal
The features Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) are mostly explored in Face Recognition and
CBIR. GLCM technique is explored here for Copy-Move Forgery Detection. GLCMs are extracted from all
the images in the database and statistics such as contrast, correlation, homogeneity and energy are
derived. These statistics form the feature vector. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is trained on all these
features and the authenticity of the image is decided by SVM classifier. The proposed work is evaluated on
CoMoFoD database, on a whole 1200 forged and processed images are tested. The performance analysis
of the present work is evaluated with the recent methods.
Application of finite element analysis in effective design of flight control ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The objective of this project work is to effectively design and analyze the helicopter flight control circuits. The design process involves FE method to assess the directional control circuit. Displacement, stress, strain energy values are obtained for the circuit for different load cases and optimum design is obtained for safe helicopter flight controls for critical maneuvers. In a helicopter the rotor blade is operated using mechanical flight control system consisting of elements like push-pull rod, links, bell crank levers, structural supporting brackets etc. There is a certain amount of reduction in stiffness and strength of elements of the circuit due to stretch in these elements resulting in false control surface deflections. This project work focuses on the application of FEM in design, analysis and optimization of directional flight control circuit using ALTAIR HYPERMESH and MSC NASTRAN software’s. FEM techniques have been extensively used in this study to simulate the control circuit mechanism. Keywords: directional control circuit, finite element analysis, displacement, strain energy
Most Viewed Article (Current Issue) in Academia - International Journal on S...ijsc
Soft computing is likely to play an important role in science and engineering in the future. The successful applications of soft computing and the rapid growth suggest that the impact of soft computing will be felt increasingly in coming years. Soft Computing encourages the integration of soft computing techniques and tools into both everyday and advanced applications. This Open access peer-reviewed journal serves as a platform that fosters new applications for all scientists and engineers engaged in research and development in this fast growing field.
Analysis of green’s function and surface current density for rectangular micr...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of green’s function and surface current density for rectangular micr...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, Green’s function and surface current density for planar structure has been calculated. The approach makes use of the popular and rigorously used spectral domain full wave analysis method in conjunction with method of moment as numerical analysis tool. In present approach, boundary conditions are applied at patch metallization, which leads to integral equation with the involvement of green’s function in spectral domain, which includes the effect of dielectric, conductor loss, surface wave modes and space wave radiation. By applying Galerkin’s moment method integral equation are transformed to linear set of equations. Entire domain basis function is used to improve the efficiency of the solution. Keywords: Spectral domain full wave analysis, Green function, Galerkin’s moment method, Entire domain basis function, Surface current density.
An enhanced difference pair mapping steganography method to improve embedding...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design and analysing of compact microstrip antenna with defected ground struc...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper a small size microstrip antenna with DGS (Defected ground structure) is designed and analyzed for UWB(Ultra
Wide Band) application. This antenna cover the complete frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with a very small geometry as
compared to a conventional antenna Dielectric substrate use in this antenna is Fr-4. This antenna is designed with a dimension is
36mm × 34 mm on a dielectric substrate Fr-4 whose permittivity εr =4.4 and height h = 1.6 mm. The result for return losses and
radiation patterns is simulated by using HFSS (High Frequency structure simulation) software. The High frequency structure
simulator is employed to analyze the planned antenna and simulated results on return loss, The ground element of the proposed
antenna is taken in the form of defected ground structure (DGS).
Keywords: Microstrip Antenna, UWB, DGS, Wide band, HFSS
Optimizing the process parameters of friction stir welded joint of magnesium ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Waste concrete is one of the most usable and economic kind of concrete which is used in many civil projects all around the world, and its importance is undeniable. Also, the explanation of constructional process and destruction of them cause the extensive growth of irreversible waste to the industry cycle, which can be as one of the main damaging factors to the economy. In this investigation, with using of constructional waste included concrete waste, brick, ceramic and tile and stone new aggregate was made. Also it was used with different weight ratios of cement in the mix design. The results of laboratory studies showed that the using of the ratio of sand to cement 1 and waste aggregate with 20% weight ratio (W20), replacing of normal aggregate, increased the 28 days compressive strength to the maximum stage 45.23 MPa. In the next stage, in order to develop the experimental results backpropagation neural network was used. This network with about 91% regression, 0.24 error, and 1.41 seconds, is a proper method for estimating results.
Inertial Sensor Array Calibration Made Easy !oblu.io
Ultra-low-cost single-chip inertial measurement units (IMUs) combined into IMU arrays are opening up new possibilities for inertial sensing. However, to make these systems practical, calibration and misalignment compensation of low-cost IMU arrays are necessary and a simple calibration procedure that aligns the sensitivity axes of the sensors in the array is needed. Team at KTH suggests a novel mechanical-rotation-rig-free calibration procedure based on blind system identification and a platonic solid (Icosahedron) printable by a contemporary 3D-printer. Matlab-scripts for the parameter estimation and production files for the calibration device are made available.
Performance Analysis of CRT for Image Encryption ijcisjournal
With the fast advancements of information technology, the security of image data transmitted or stored over
internet is become very difficult. To hide the details, an effective method is encryption, so that only
authorized persons can decrypt the image with the keys available. Since the default features of digital
image such as high capacity data, large redundancy and large similarities among pixels, the conventional
encryption algorithms such as AES, , DES, 3DES, and Blow Fish, are not applicable for real time image
encryption. This paper presents the performance of CRT for image encryption to secure storage and
transmission of image over internet.
Multi-way Array Decomposition on Acoustic Source Separation for Fault Diagnos...IJECEIAES
In this study, we propose a multi-way array decomposition approach to solve the complexity of approximate joint diagonalization process for fault diagnosis of a motor-pump system. Sources used in this study came from drive end-motor, nondrive end-motor, drive end pump, and nondrive end pump. An approximate joint diagonalization is a common approach to resolving an underdetermined cases in blind source separation. However, it has quite heavy computation and requires more complexity. In this study, we use an acoustic emission to detect faults based on multi-way array decomposition approach. Based on the obtained results, the difference types of machinery fault such as misalignment and outer bearing fault can be detected by vibration spectrum and estimated acoustic spectrum. The performance of proposed method is evaluated using MSE and LSD. Based on the results of the separation, the estimated signal of the nondrive end pump is the closest to the baseline signal compared to other signals with LSD is 1.914 and MSE is 0.0707. The instantaneous frequency of the estimated source signal will also be compared with the vibration signal in frequency spectrum to test the effectiveness of the proposed method.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Copy Move Forgery Detection Using GLCM Based Statistical Features ijcisjournal
The features Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) are mostly explored in Face Recognition and
CBIR. GLCM technique is explored here for Copy-Move Forgery Detection. GLCMs are extracted from all
the images in the database and statistics such as contrast, correlation, homogeneity and energy are
derived. These statistics form the feature vector. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is trained on all these
features and the authenticity of the image is decided by SVM classifier. The proposed work is evaluated on
CoMoFoD database, on a whole 1200 forged and processed images are tested. The performance analysis
of the present work is evaluated with the recent methods.
Application of finite element analysis in effective design of flight control ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The objective of this project work is to effectively design and analyze the helicopter flight control circuits. The design process involves FE method to assess the directional control circuit. Displacement, stress, strain energy values are obtained for the circuit for different load cases and optimum design is obtained for safe helicopter flight controls for critical maneuvers. In a helicopter the rotor blade is operated using mechanical flight control system consisting of elements like push-pull rod, links, bell crank levers, structural supporting brackets etc. There is a certain amount of reduction in stiffness and strength of elements of the circuit due to stretch in these elements resulting in false control surface deflections. This project work focuses on the application of FEM in design, analysis and optimization of directional flight control circuit using ALTAIR HYPERMESH and MSC NASTRAN software’s. FEM techniques have been extensively used in this study to simulate the control circuit mechanism. Keywords: directional control circuit, finite element analysis, displacement, strain energy
Most Viewed Article (Current Issue) in Academia - International Journal on S...ijsc
Soft computing is likely to play an important role in science and engineering in the future. The successful applications of soft computing and the rapid growth suggest that the impact of soft computing will be felt increasingly in coming years. Soft Computing encourages the integration of soft computing techniques and tools into both everyday and advanced applications. This Open access peer-reviewed journal serves as a platform that fosters new applications for all scientists and engineers engaged in research and development in this fast growing field.
Analysis of green’s function and surface current density for rectangular micr...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of green’s function and surface current density for rectangular micr...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, Green’s function and surface current density for planar structure has been calculated. The approach makes use of the popular and rigorously used spectral domain full wave analysis method in conjunction with method of moment as numerical analysis tool. In present approach, boundary conditions are applied at patch metallization, which leads to integral equation with the involvement of green’s function in spectral domain, which includes the effect of dielectric, conductor loss, surface wave modes and space wave radiation. By applying Galerkin’s moment method integral equation are transformed to linear set of equations. Entire domain basis function is used to improve the efficiency of the solution. Keywords: Spectral domain full wave analysis, Green function, Galerkin’s moment method, Entire domain basis function, Surface current density.
An enhanced difference pair mapping steganography method to improve embedding...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Influence of alkaline substances (carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium) in w...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Tuning of pid controller of inverted pendulum using genetic algorithmeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Emission characteristics of a diesel engine using soyabean oil and diesel blendseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
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ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
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experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
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an efficient and reliable mechanism called Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Algorithm, to overcome circular dependency
problem (CDP). This is an efficient algorithm to make successful transmission of data without pre-sharing any secret key. We
have evaluated this by simulation in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB).
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Automatic test packet generation in networkeSAT Journals
Abstract Now a day’s we see that networks are widely distributed so administrators depends on various tools such as ping and traceroute to rectify the problem in the network. We proposed an automated and systematic approach for testing and debugging network called "Automatic Test Packet Generation"(ATPG). Initially ATPG reads router configuration and then generates a model which is device freelance. The model is used to generate the minimum number of test packets to cover every link and rule in network. ATPG is capable for detecting both functional and performance problems. Test packets are sent at regular intervals and special technique is used to localize faults. Keywords: Test Packet Generation Algorithm; Network Troubleshooting; Data Plane Analysis.
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Application of ann for ultimate shear strength of fly
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 73
APPLICATION OF ANN FOR ULTIMATE SHEAR STRENGTH OF FLY
ASH CONCRETE BEAMS
Putte Gowda B.S1
, Aswath M.U2
, Muthu K.U3
, Udaya B.N4
1
Assitant Professor, 2
Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, BIT, Bangalore-560004
3
Professor, Brindavan College of Engineering, Bangalore
4
Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, MIT, Manipal, Udupi
puttuji123@gmail.com, aswathmu@yahoo.com, kumuthu64@gmail.com, udistructures21@gmail.com
Abstract
The application of artificial neural networks (ANN) for ultimate shear strength of fly ash concrete beams with transverse
reinforcement is investigated in this paper. An ANN model is built, trained and tested using the available test data of 216 RC beams
collected from the literature also the experimental data of twenty seven fly ash concrete beams under shear. The experimental shear
strength were also compared to those obtained using building codal equations and empirical equations proposed by various
researchers. The ANN model was found to predict satisfactorily when compared to available analytical predictions.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Building codes, Comparison, Charts, Empirical Equations, Fly ash
Concrete, Shear Strength.
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Artificial neural networks are, by definition, interconnected
networks of processing elements that have the ability to be
trained to map a given input into the desired output. ANN’s
possess some distinctive properties not found in conventional
computational models. In most cases however, there are only
observational data of the problem, while the underlying rules
relating the input variables to the output variables are either
unknown or extremely difficult to discover. Under these
circumstances, ANN’s exhibit their superiorities over
conventional computational techniques. ANN’s are composed
of many interconnected processing units. Each processing unit
keeps some information locally, is able to perform some
simple computations, and can have many inputs but can send
only one output. The ANN’s have the capability to respond to
input stimuli and produce the corresponding response, and to
adapt to the changing environment by learning from
experience. Therefore, in order for researchers to use ANN’s
as a predictive tool, data must be used to train and test the
model to check its successfulness.
The manner in which the neural elements (neurons, layers,
biases, etc.,) are connected determines the network
architecture and the number of neurons and layers determines
the network size. Sometimes there is also a constant value, or
bias, that is added to the input signals. The unit then calculates
the net input, which is a weighted sum of its inputs plus the
bias value:
=
+ … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . (1)
2. NEURAL NETWORK MODEL
In this study, a computer programmed tool was used to
develop an ANN model for predicting the ultimate shear
strength of fly ash concrete beams. The program requires the
following input data:
• The total number of data that is presented (in this
case, 216 RC beams + 27 fly ash concrete beams
were considered) under shear. The computer program
uses 68.14% of the data for training, 15.93% for
validation and 15.93% for testing.
• The number of input neurons (9 in this study) and the
output neurons (1 in this study).
• In the current analysis a Levenberg-Marquardt[12]
learning algorithm, an approximation to Newton’s
method more is used. The LM algorithm is efficient
in terms of high speed of convergence and reduced
memory requirements compared to the two previous
methods. In general, with networks that contain up to
several hundred weights, the LM algorithm has the
fastest convergence.
• To determine the best performance network a trial
and error search procedure was employed to
determine the number of hidden layers in the
network.
• For a given architecture and a fixed number of
iterations say 500, the number of hidden layers was
altered and the network which provides the least error
(test data) is selected.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 74
Table 1- The following nine variables are used as input parameters:
Input
parameters
B
(mm)
D
(mm)
a/d f'
c
(MPa)
ρ
(%)
ρv
(%)
fy
(Mpa)
fvy
(Mpa)
da
(mm)
Range
(min-max)
64-356 140-575 1.1-2.5 13.79-120 0.16-
3.77
0.074-
2.7
320.6-
931
250-1238 7-25
3. NETWORK TRAINING ANALYSIS
In the present work, the best architecture was 9-17-1 i.e. 9
inputs, 17 hidden layers and 1 output. The data of the 243
beams are grouped randomly into training, validating and
testing set before presenting them to the network for analysis.
4. EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON FLY ASH
CONCRETE BEAMS
To understand the behavior of fly ash concrete beams two
cement replacement levels by fly ash are considered viz. 20%
and 35%.Mix design of normal concrete (without fly ash) of
grade M40 was obtained as per IS method as outlined in IS:
10262-1982.Mix proportion that arrived at for normal concrete
itself was adopted for fly ash concrete, with only change in
certain replacement of cement by fly ash (i.e 20% to 35%).
Table: 2 -Mix Proportions for Normal Concrete
Cement
Kg/m3
Water
Kg/m3
Fine Aggregates
Kg/m3
Coarse Aggregates
Kg/m3
Water/Cement ratio
Kg/m3
385 140 862 1097 0.364
Table.3 -Details of the tested beams with Failure loads
B
(mm)
D
(mm)
a/d
f'c
(MPa)
Ρ
(%)
ρv
(%)
fy
(Mpa)
fvy
(Mpa)
da
(mm)
EXP Vu
(KN)
125 225 1.77 50.90 0.91 0.53 415 415 12 130
125 225 1.77 68.30 1.60 0.53 415 415 12 200
125 225 1.77 64.00 2.23 0.53 415 415 12 230
125 225 1.77 60.75 0.91 0.40 415 415 12 146
125 225 1.77 61.04 1.60 0.40 415 415 12 190
125 225 1.77 57.40 2.23 0.40 415 415 12 260
125 225 1.77 53.41 0.91 0.53 415 415 12 130
125 225 1.77 55.08 1.60 0.53 415 415 12 210
125 225 1.77 56.68 2.23 0.53 415 415 12 250
125 225 1.77 54.64 0.91 0.40 415 415 12 140
125 225 1.77 51.60 1.60 0.40 415 415 12 220
125 225 1.77 50.14 2.23 0.40 415 415 12 240
125 225 1.77 51.30 0.91 0.34 415 415 12 138
125 225 1.77 52.32 1.60 0.34 415 415 12 180
125 225 1.77 50.00 2.23 0.34 415 415 12 270
125 225 1.77 65.40 0.91 0.34 415 415 12 140
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 76
5. THEORETICAL COMPUTATION OF
ULTIMATE SHEAR STRENGTH
Ultimate Shear strength was computed using various codes of
practices and various other researchers as listed below:
Codal Equations Researchers Equation
ACI 318-12 Zsutty (1971)
CSA A23.3-94 Bazant and Kim (1984)
Euro code EN 1992-1-1 Kim and Park (1996)
German code DIN 1045-1 Rebeiz (1999)
Japanese Code Collins and Kuchma (1999)
CEB-FIP model code Sarkar et al. (1999)
British Standards BS-8110 Gastebled and May (2001)
New Zealand Code NZS Kim et al. (2003)
Australian Code, AS 3600 Desai (2004)
Norwegian Code, NS 3473E Cladera and Mari (2004)
Indian Code of practice
6. RESULTS AND COMPARISIONS
The Ultimate Shear strength has been calculated by using the
available analytical model and shear strength was predicted.
The comparison between the predicted and the experimental
data is shown in Fig 3 to Fig 24.
Fig. 3 ACI Fig.4 CSA Fig.5 EURO
Fig.6 GERMAN Fig.7 BRITISH Fig.8 CEB-FIP
Fig.9 JAPANESE Fig.10 NEWZEALAND Fig.11 NORWEGIAN
Fig.12 INDIAN Fig.13 BAZANT Fig.14 ZSUTTY
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Fig.15 CLADERA Fig.16 COLLINS Fig.17 DESAI
Fig.18 GASTEBLED Fig.19 KIM & PARK Fig.20 KIM et al
Fig.21 REBIZ Fig.22 RUSSO Fig.23 SARKAR
Fig.24 ANN Fig.25 AUSTRALIAN
The comparison showed that the codal equations are not able
to predict the experimental ultimate shear strength
satisfactorily however the equation proposed by Zsutty
[Fig.14] is able to predict the ultimate shear strength when
compared to the other available methods.
Also the results of ANN [Fig.24] show a better prediction
when compared to codal and empirical prediction, considering
all the 10 equations and the codal provisions it is found that
Zsutty results are found to be better than others.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
An experimental program has been design to cast and test 27
fly ash concrete beams under shear. The shear strength of the
tested beam were computed by using the available theoretical
models , as a wide variation was observed for the predictions
of ultimate shear strength of the tested beams and a attempt
has made to apply the soft computing tool that is ANN. A
large database of conventional reinforced concrete beams
tested under shear as been used as an input to the ANN. It has
found that ANN is able to predict satisfactorily the ultimate
shear strength of conventionally reinforced concrete beams.
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As no theoretical model is available exclusively for fly ash
Concrete beams an attempt has been made to apply ANN
which has been validated to fly ash beams.
• For the network model 9-17-1 used to predicting the
shear strengths of fly ash concrete beams, the average
of ratio of predicted value to experimental value of
shear strength was 1.02 with Coefficient Of Variation
(COV) of 0.3.
• For beams with shear reinforcement Zsutty’s
equation provided the least COV=0.05 and the ratio
of predicted strength to experimental shear strength is
0.875.
Thus the Zsutty’s prediction is better than the available close
form solutions. The present investigation highlights an
alternative method which is simply to apply ANN for the
prediction of shear strength of GPC beams.
REFERENCES
[1] ACI 318R-02, Building code requirements for
Structural Concrete (ACI 318-02) and commentary
(ACI 318R-02), American Concrete Institute.
[2] Eurocode-2, Design of concrete structures, European
committee for standardization, Brussels 1999.
[3] NZS 95, Standards New Zealand, Design of concrete
structures, NZS 3101 1995, Wellington, New Zealand.
[4] CEB-FIP 1990, CEB FIP Model Code, ‘Comite’ Euro
International du Beton (CEB), Thomas Telford London.
[5] AS 3600, Concrete Structures, Standards Australia,
Home burls, NSW, Australia, 1994.
[6] IS 456-2000 “Plain and Reinforced Concrete –Code of
practice “, fourth revision, Bureau of Indian standards,
New Delhi.
[7] Theodore Zsutty (1968), “Beam Shear Strength
prediction by analysis of existing data “, ACI Structural
Journal, v 65, No.11, November 1968, pp.943-951
[8] Theodore Zsutty (1971), “Shear Strength Prediction for
separate Categories of simple Beam Tests”, ACI
Structural Journal, V 68, No 2, Feb-Mar 1971, pp.138-
143
[9] Robert J. Frosch (2000). “Behavior of Large –Scale
Reinforced Concrete Beams with Minimum Shear
Reinforcement”, ACI Structural Journal, V 97, No.6,
Nov-Dec 2000, pp 814-820.
[10] Raghu S. Pendyala and Priyan Mendis (2000).
“Experimental Study on Shear Strength of High
Strength Concrete Beams”, ACI Structural Journal, V
97, No.4, Jul-Aug 2000, pp 564-571.
[11] Putte Gowda B.S, Aswath M.U and Muthu K.U.
“Experimental Investigation on Shear Behaviour of Fly
Ash Concrete Beams”, International Journal of
Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development. Vol
2, No 4. pp 573-586.
[12] J.J More, (1977) “The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm:
Implementation Theory in Numerical Analysis”,
Lecture Notes in Mathematics, (G.A Watson) ed., New
York, USA: Springer Verlag, V. 630, pp. 105-116,
1977.