The document discusses the extrinsic apoptosis pathway involving death ligands, death receptors, caspases, and nucleases that leads to apoptotic clearance of cells through phagocytosis by macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils. It also notes similarities between necrosis and apoptosis in being phagocytosed. Dysregulated apoptosis can lead to disorders like cancer through defective cell death or neurodegenerative diseases through excessive cell death. Down-regulation of apoptosis is associated with cancer.

1. Extrinsic Pathway
Extrinsic Pathway

Death Ligand

Death Receptors

Caspases
Nuclease/Proteas
e

N


3. Apoptotic clearance of cell body
- Phagocytosis: is a major mechanism used to remove
pathogens and cell debris
- Example of Phagocytic Cells: Macrophages (Monocytes)
Neutrophils & Eosinophils (Macrophages)
- Similarities between Necrosis and apoptosis is that there
remnanants are phagocytosed

4. Disorders Associated with
Dysregulated Apoptosis
• Defective apoptosis and increased cell
survival
• - Mutation in p53
– Cancer
– Autoimmune diseases
• Increased apoptosis and excessive cell
death
– Neurodegenerative diseases
– Ischemic injury
– Death of virus infected cells

5. Question and References
1. Is down-regulation of apoptosis associated with
cancer?
yes
or No
References
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOR7qJsYDKI
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-molecular
-biology/stem-cells-and-cancer/e/apoptosis
https://drive.google.com/file/d/149Qw1u_Kbs_i5B4v7QuE_kq8ceLS4LZa/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/17H0I1psQB6WPRwfTMelnSpkj7QIvRMD8/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1D4V77LkO5i4jXKXwtmuGKpFR3ARtQh7O/view?usp=sharing