Download to read offline
![[INFOGRAPHIC] Understanding Aphasia](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/aphasia-130729151927-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Intro to Aphasia study notes20240916lc.pdf
- 1. Self study noteson Aphasia on Chapter 18 Clinical Neuropsychology - a pocket handbook for assessment by Parsons and Hammeke 20240916lc
- 2. Aphasia •language processing disrupteddue to functional impairment in certain parts of the brain •Aphasia = Language Impairment = Impairment in Language Understanding or OR = Expression disorder or OR = Language comprehension disorder + Expression disorder (both) •Vs Language disorders ~ associated with an impairment in the ability to understand, formulate, and produce oral, written, and physical/symbolic expressions •No single behavioral manifestation •Injuries severity varies depending on brain injury location and extent 20240916lc
- 3. Differential Diagnosis I Vs.Disorder of Speech Vs. Mutism Vs. Dysarthria Vs. Aphonia Disorder of Language Vs. Aphemia 20240916lc
- 4. Differential Diagnosis II VsSchizophrenia’s Disorganized speech Speech disorders in people with schizophrenia are mostly thought content disorders or executive dysfunction in controlling language linguistics and speech operations, rather than language disorders. 20240916lc
- 5. Etiology I • Aphasiais mostly related to lesion in left brain • Over 95% normal right- handers and 60%-70% left-handers have their left brain as the language dominant brain Left-handers after right brain damage: aphasia less severe vs right-handers after left brain damage Aphasia following damage to right brain is relatively more rare (but can be found in right-handers, in which case is crossed aphasia) Note its onset and course of development (acute or slow)， 20240916lc
- 6. Etiology II Traumatic braininjury Inflammation • Most common • Acute or sudden • Usually relate to cerebral vascular incident Stroke Transient aphasia may occur in dominant hemisphere during/ after seizure or TIA Epilepsy Infection Usually related to subacute or slow onset Aphasia Tumor Neurodegeneration 20240916lc
- 7.
- 8. Fluency Word Retrieval Word Selection Spontaneousspeech 20240916lc
- 9. Types of Aphasia Broca’saphasia Transcortical motor aphasia Global aphasia Isolation aphasia Wernicke’s aphasia Transcortical sensory aphasia Conduction aphasia Anomic aphasia Alexia without Agraphia Gersmann syndrome Sub-Cortical Aphasia Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) – 3 subtypes: • logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA), • nonfluent agrammatic PPA (nfaPPA), and • semantic variant PPA (svPPA), 20240916lc
- 10. Different Types ofAphasia – Symptoms severity Source: Table 18-2 p.426 Parsons, M. W., Hammeke, T. A., & Snyder, P. J. (Eds.). (2014). Clinical neuropsychology: A pocket handbook for assessment(3rd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14339-000 20240916lc
- 11. Rehabilitation for Aphasia Degreeof rehab depends on the pathophysiological mechanisms and processes underlying aphasia, aphasia characteristics and, and the extent of the underlying brain damage. ● Very rapid (within minutes) recovery ~ when aphasia cause is transient & reversible (e.g. aphasia under complex partial seizures or hemi-sedation used in the Wada test). ● Rehab taking a few months to a year ~ usually an incomplete rehab, when the cause of aphasia is acute, and involves devastating brain injury (e.g., ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke) 20240916lc
- 12. Rehabilitation for Aphasia ●Some spontaneous recovery ~ Aphasia due to certain destructive brain lesions may improve within 3 months after onset. Initial fluent aphasics may eventually become anomic-like aphasia (word-finding and naming difficulties remain, but speech fluency and language comprehension recover relatively well) ● Poor Rehab ~ Global aphasia associated with brain injury, incl aphasia involving subcortical tissue, often has persistent disabling symptoms ● Rehab unlikely / expect progressive deterioration in language ability ~ when cause of aphasia is persistent and progressive (e.g., brain tumors, PPA-related neurodegenerative diseases) ● Persistent aphasia - disfluent at onset, usually also accompanied by cerebral hemiplegia 20240916lc
- 13. Rehabilitation for Aphasia 1.Speech & language therapy 2. Brain plasticity 3. Patience 20240916lc
- 14. Reference Parsons, M. W.,Hammeke, T. A., & Snyder, P. J. (Eds.). (2014). Clinical neuropsychology: A pocket handbook for assessment (3rd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14339-000 20240916lc