APFC ( Automatic power factor correction)
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This document discusses automatic power factor compensation for industrial use. It begins with introducing energy and the concept of power factor. It then discusses the nature of loads containing resistance, inductance and capacitance components and how power factor correction can be achieved. It provides a block diagram and explanation of how the system works using a zero crossing detector and control module. It shows power triangles comparing the system before and after power factor correction, noting improved plant efficiency and additional loads that can be added to the system with a higher power factor. Finally, it outlines the merits of improved power factor such as reduced costs and overloading, as well as the demerits of a low power factor such as increased costs, overloading, and reduced efficiency.
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Generator costs are typically represented by up to four different curves
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Power factor is the ratio of real power to apparent power in an AC circuit. A low power factor is caused by inductive loads that introduce reactive power and lower the power factor. Improving the power factor reduces utility bills, lowers voltage drops, and makes motors and transformers more efficient. Capacitors can be added to provide reactive power and oppose the reactive power drawn by inductive loads, thereby improving the power factor.
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- 1. AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR COMPENSATION FOR INDUSTRIAL USE TO MINIMIZE THE PENALTY Under the Guidance Ms Sumangala M K Presented By Yuvraj 1
- 2. Content • Introduction to Energy • What is power Factor • Nature of Load (RLC) • Power Factor Correction • Block Diagram • Working • Project module • Merits of improved Pf and Demerits of low Pf
- 3. Introduction
- 4. What is power factor • Power factor is defined as the ratio between true power and apparent power flowing through the circuit.
- 5. Contd... 5
- 8. Power Factor Correction 8 As a means of cost savings
- 10. Working 10
- 12. Module 12
- 13. System Before PFC 13 PF = 0.68 Lagging ACTIVE POWER (P) = kW APPARENT POW ER (S) = kVA REACTIVEPOWER(Q)=kVAr Θ1 = 47.17°
- 14. New System Power Triangle PF = 0.92 Lagging 14 P = kW S2 = kVA Q2=kVAr S1 = kVA Q1=kVAr Θ2 = 23.07° Qold=kVAr
- 15. Merits of Improved Pf • Improved plant efficiency • Additional loads can be added to the system • Reduced overloading of cables,transformers, switchgear etc. • Improved network voltage • Improved starting torque of motors 15
- 16. Demerits of Low Pf • Increases electricity costs • Causes overloading of Generators,transformers and distribution System • Greater voltage drops and Power losses • Low efficiency and unnecessary wear and tear to Industrial electrical equipment • Reduces load handling of the plant’s Electrical system 16
- 17. 17