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Chapter 23:  The Respiratory System  Biol 141 A & P
The Respiratory System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Oxygen ,[object Object],[object Object],3D Movie of Respiratory System PLAY
5 Functions of the  Respiratory System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Components of the  Respiratory System Figure 23–1 3D Peel-Away of Respiratory System PLAY
Organization of the  Respiratory System ,[object Object]
The Respiratory Tract ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Respiratory Tract PLAY
The Respiratory Epithelium Figure 23–2
The Respiratory Epithelium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  Respiratory Mucosa ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  Lamina Propria ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Structure of  Respiratory Epithelium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How are delicate  respiratory exchange surfaces protected from pathogens, debris, and other hazards?
The  Respiratory Defense System   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Upper Respiratory System Figure 23–3
The Nose  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Nasal Cavity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Air Flow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Palates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Air Flow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Pharynx and Divisions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  Nasopharynx   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is the structure  of the larynx and its  role in normal breathing  and production of sound?
Anatomy of the Larynx Figure 23–4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cartilages of the Larynx ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  Thyroid Cartilage   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  Cricoid Cartilage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cartilage Functions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Glottis Figure 23–5 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cartilage Functions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ligaments of the Larynx ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sound Production ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Speech ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Laryngeal Musculature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Anatomy of the Trachea Figure 23–6 What is the structure of airways outside the lungs?
The Trachea  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  Tracheal Cartilages   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Primary Bronchi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Structure of Primary Bronchi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  Root  of the Lung ,[object Object],[object Object]
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs Figure 23–7 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lobes of the Lungs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Relationship between  Lungs and Heart Figure 23–8
Lung Shape ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  Bronchial Tree ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bronchi and Lobules Figure 23–9 A Primary Bronchus Branches to form  secondary bronchi   (lobar bronchi) 1 secondary bronchus goes to each  lobe
Secondary Bronchi  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bronchial Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Bronchioles Figure 23–10 Bronchitis:  Inflammation of bronchial walls: causes constriction and breathing difficulty
The Bronchioles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bronchiole Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bronchodilation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Asthma ,[object Object],[object Object]
Pulmonary Lobules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exchange Surfaces ,[object Object],[object Object]
Alveolar Organization Figure 23–11 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An Alveolus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Respiratory Distress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Respiratory Membrane - The thin  membrane  of alveoli where gas exchange takes place   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inflammation of Lobules  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Blood Supply to  Respiratory Surfaces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Blood Supply to the Lungs  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Blood Pressure  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Pleural Cavities and  Pleural Membranes Figure 23–8
Pleural Cavities and  Pleural Membranes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Respiration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3 Processes of  External Respiration   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What physical principles govern the movement  of air into the lungs?
Pulmonary Ventilation ,[object Object],[object Object],InterActive Physiology: Respiratory System: Anatomy Review: Respiratory Structures PLAY
Gas Pressure and Volume Figure 23–13 Atmospheric Pressure ,[object Object],[object Object]
Boyle’s Law   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mechanisms of  Pulmonary Ventilation Respiration: Pressure Gradients PLAY Figure 23–14 ,[object Object],[object Object]
A  Respiratory Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Compliance  of the Lung  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pressure and Volume Changes with Inhalation and Exhalation  Figure 23–15 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Intrapulmonary Pressure   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Maximum  Intrapulmonary Pressure   ,[object Object],[object Object]
Intrapleural Pressure   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Respiratory Pump ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Injury to the Chest Wall ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What are the origins and actions of the respiratory muscles responsible for respiratory movements?
The Respiratory Muscles Figure 23–16a, b ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Respiratory Muscles Figure 23–16c, d
The Mechanics of Breathing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3 Muscle Groups of  Inhalation   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Muscles of Active Exhalation  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Modes of Breathing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quiet Breathing   (Eupnea)   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Forced Breathing   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Respiratory Rates and Volumes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Respiratory Minute Volume ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Alveolar Ventilation   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Alveolar Ventilation Rate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Respiratory Volumes  and Capacities Figure 23–17
Lung Volume ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4  Pulmonary Volumes   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4 Calculated  Respiratory Capacities   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gas Exchange ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],InterActive Physiology: Respiratory System: Gas Exchange PLAY
The Gas Laws ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Composition of Air ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gas Pressure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Partial Pressure   ,[object Object],[object Object]
Henry’s Law Figure 23–18 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gas Content & Solubility in  body fluids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diffusion and the  Respiratory Membrane ,[object Object]
Efficiency of Gas  Exchange ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Respiratory Processes  and Partial Pressure Figure 23–19 An Overview of Respiratory Processes and Partial Pressures in Respiration PLAY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
O 2  and CO 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mixing ,[object Object],[object Object],Respiration: Gas Mixture in Air PLAY
Interstitial Fluid  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How is oxygen picked  up, transported, and  released in the blood?     What is the structure and function of hemoglobin?
Gas Pickup and Delivery ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Oxygen Transport ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Respiration: Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport PLAY
Oxyhemoglobin Saturation Curve Figure 23–20 (Navigator) Environmental Factors  Affecting Hemoglobin PO2 of blood,  Blood pH,  Temperature Metabolic activity within RBCs
Oxyhemoglobin Saturation Curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Oxygen Reserves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
pH, Temperature, and Hemoglobin Saturation Figure 23–21
The  Oxyhemoglobin  Saturation Curve   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  Bohr Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2,3-biphosphoglycerate   (BPG)   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fetal and Adult Hemoglobin Figure 23–22
Fetal and Adult Hemoglobin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
KEY CONCEPT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood?   Carbon Dioxide Transport Figure 23–23 (Navigator) Respiration: Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Exchange PLAY InterActive Physiology: Respiratory System: Gas Transport PLAY
Carbon Dioxide   (CO 2 )   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CO 2  in the Blood Stream ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
KEY CONCEPT ,[object Object],[object Object]
Summary: Gas Transport Figure 23–24
Control of Respiration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],InterActive Physiology: Respiratory System: Control of Respiration PLAY
Local Regulation of  O 2  Transport (1 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Respiratory Centers of the Brain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Voluntary Centers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Respiratory Rhythmicity Centers of the Medulla Oblongata  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quiet Breathing Figure 23–25a ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Forced Breathing Figure 23–25b ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  Apneustic  and  Pneumotaxic   Centers  of the  Pons   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Respiratory Centers  and Reflex Controls Figure 23–26 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SIDS   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
5 Sensory Modifiers of Respiratory Center Activities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
5 Sensory Modifiers of Respiratory Center Activities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chemoreceptor Reflexes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chemoreceptor  Responses to PCO 2 Figure 23–27
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Baroreceptor Reflexes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Protective Reflexes   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Apnea   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Cerebral Cortex and Respiratory Centers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
KEY CONCEPTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Changes in Respiratory  System at Birth (1)  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Changes in Respiratory  System at Birth (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Respiratory  Performance and Age Figure 23–28
3 Effects of Aging on  the Respiratory System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Integration with Other Systems ,[object Object],[object Object]
Coordination of Respiratory  and Cardiovascular Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Respiratory System  and Other Systems Figure 23–29
SUMMARY (1 of 4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SUMMARY (2 of 4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SUMMARY (3 of 4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SUMMARY (4 of 4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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A&pch23 (1)

  • 1. Chapter 23: The Respiratory System Biol 141 A & P
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Components of the Respiratory System Figure 23–1 3D Peel-Away of Respiratory System PLAY
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. How are delicate respiratory exchange surfaces protected from pathogens, debris, and other hazards?
  • 14.
  • 15. The Upper Respiratory System Figure 23–3
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. What is the structure of the larynx and its role in normal breathing and production of sound?
  • 24.
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  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. Anatomy of the Trachea Figure 23–6 What is the structure of airways outside the lungs?
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43. Relationship between Lungs and Heart Figure 23–8
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46. Bronchi and Lobules Figure 23–9 A Primary Bronchus Branches to form secondary bronchi (lobar bronchi) 1 secondary bronchus goes to each lobe
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49. The Bronchioles Figure 23–10 Bronchitis: Inflammation of bronchial walls: causes constriction and breathing difficulty
  • 50.
  • 51.
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  • 53.
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  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63.
  • 64. Pleural Cavities and Pleural Membranes Figure 23–8
  • 65.
  • 66.
  • 67.
  • 68. What physical principles govern the movement of air into the lungs?
  • 69.
  • 70.
  • 71.
  • 72.
  • 73.
  • 74.
  • 75.
  • 76.
  • 77.
  • 78.
  • 79.
  • 80.
  • 81. What are the origins and actions of the respiratory muscles responsible for respiratory movements?
  • 82.
  • 83. The Respiratory Muscles Figure 23–16c, d
  • 84.
  • 85.
  • 86.
  • 87.
  • 88.
  • 89.
  • 90.
  • 91.
  • 92.
  • 93.
  • 94. Respiratory Volumes and Capacities Figure 23–17
  • 95.
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  • 104.
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  • 106.
  • 107.
  • 108.
  • 109.
  • 110.
  • 111. How is oxygen picked up, transported, and released in the blood? What is the structure and function of hemoglobin?
  • 112.
  • 113.
  • 114. Oxyhemoglobin Saturation Curve Figure 23–20 (Navigator) Environmental Factors Affecting Hemoglobin PO2 of blood, Blood pH, Temperature Metabolic activity within RBCs
  • 115.
  • 116.
  • 117. pH, Temperature, and Hemoglobin Saturation Figure 23–21
  • 118.
  • 119.
  • 120.
  • 121. Fetal and Adult Hemoglobin Figure 23–22
  • 122.
  • 123.
  • 124. How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood? Carbon Dioxide Transport Figure 23–23 (Navigator) Respiration: Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Exchange PLAY InterActive Physiology: Respiratory System: Gas Transport PLAY
  • 125.
  • 126.
  • 127.
  • 128. Summary: Gas Transport Figure 23–24
  • 129.
  • 130.
  • 131.
  • 132.
  • 133.
  • 134.
  • 135.
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  • 138.
  • 139.
  • 140.
  • 141.
  • 142. Chemoreceptor Responses to PCO 2 Figure 23–27
  • 143.
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  • 146.
  • 147.
  • 148.
  • 149.
  • 150.
  • 151. Respiratory Performance and Age Figure 23–28
  • 152.
  • 153.
  • 154.
  • 155. The Respiratory System and Other Systems Figure 23–29
  • 156.
  • 157.
  • 158.
  • 159.