The document discusses several environmental issues in the Philippines, with a focus on solid waste management. It notes that solid waste generation is expected to increase significantly in the coming years. Current management practices like composting and recycling are insufficient. Proper implementation of practices like segregation, composting, recycling and use of landfills is needed to effectively manage increasing waste. The document also discusses how solid waste management impacts climate change and the budget spent by local governments on waste management.

1. KONTEMPORARYONG ISYU
HAMONG
PANGKAPALIGIRAN!
N E I L M A R C G . T O M A S
MGA ISYUNG
PANGKAPALIGIRAN

2. KONTEMPORARYONG ISYU
MELC:
Nasusuri ang kahalagahan ng pag-aaral ng
kontemporaryong isyu.
KASANAYANG PAMPAGKATUTO:
Pagkatapos ng araling ito, ikaw ay inaasahang;
 Natatalakay sa kasalukuyang kalagayangpangkapaligiran ng
Pilipinas;
 Nasusuri ang epekto ng mga suliraningpangkapaligiran at;
 Natataya ang kalagayang pangkapaligiran ngPilipinas batay sa
epekto at pagtugon sa mgahamong pangkapaligiran.

3. USAPING PANGKAPALIGIRAN
SOLID WASTE
CLIMATE CHANGE PAGKARIRA NG
LIKAS YAMAN

4. ISYONG
PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
SOLID WASTE
●Tumutukoy ang solid waste sa mga
basurang nagmula sa mga tahanan
at komersyal na establisimyento,
mga basura na nakikita sa paligid,
mga basura na nagmumula sa
sektor ng agrikultura at iba pang
basurang hindi nakakalason
(Official Gazette, 2000).

5. 18 Million
tons!

6. 23.61M
in 2025.

7. ISYONG PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
SOLID WASTE
Waste
generation rates
Sources solid waste management status report, 2008-2018

8. ISYONG PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
SOLID WASTE
Sources solid waste management status report, 2008-2018
The rates are dependent on
household income, local
economic activity and waste
avoidance policies and
incentives.
The average per capita
generation rate for the
Philippines is 0.40 kg.
Each day

9. ISYONG PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
SOLID WASTE
Waste
Projection
Sources solid waste management status report, 2008-2018

10. ISYONG PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
SOLID WASTE
Sources solid waste management status report, 2008-2018
The yearly amount of waste in the
country is expected to increase
from 13.48 million tons in 2010 to
14.66 million tons in 2014 to
16.63 million tons in 2020. On
the other hand, Metro Manila’s
waste generation continues to
increase as it contributes 22.2%,
24.5% and 26.7% to the country’s
solid waste in the years 2010,
2014 and 2020, respectively.

11. ISYONG PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
SOLID WASTE
Sources solid waste management status report, 2008-2018
52% of the solid waste generated in the
Philippines is biodegradable, as of
2015.
With proper composting, especially
backyard composting, a significant
volume of waste can be reduced
from management.
However, the because Philippine
cities are planned poorly, backyard
composting is a challenge.

12. ISYONG PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
SOLID WASTE
Saan galling
ang mga Solid
Waste?
Sources solid waste management status report, 2008-2018

13. ISYONG
PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
SOLID WASTE
● Isa pang lumalaking
suliranin ng Pilipinas ay
ang tamang pagtatapon
ng electronic waste o
e-waste tulad ng
computer, cellphone, at
tv.

14. SWM implementation follows a hierarchy

15. SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
5Rs(Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover)
Segregation at source
Segregated collection
Recovery and processing
Disposal
Pag Harap sa Hamon sa
ISYUNG
PANGKAPALIGIRAN

16. 5Rs
(Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover)
Pag Harap sa Hamon sa
ISYUNG
PANGKAPALIGIRAN

17. ISYONG PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
SOLID WASTE
Nagrerecycle
ka ba?
Sources solid waste management status report, 2008-2018
A Rappler article reports that, as of 2016, only 5% of total
Philippine waste is recycled.
50% is the target waste diversion rate of the incumbent National
Solid Waste Management Strategy (2012-2016).
Waste diversion are “activities which reduce or eliminate the
amount of solid waste from waste disposal facilities (RA 9003).”
These include reduction of waste at the source, recycling and
composting.
Latest available data of 2015 suggests that average diversion rate
in Metro Manila is 48% while outside Metro Manila is 46%
(although many LGUs report lower.)

18. Segregation at source
Pag Harap sa Hamon sa
ISYUNG
PANGKAPALIGIRAN

19. SEGRAGATED
COLLECTION
Pag Harap sa Hamon sa
ISYUNG
PANGKAPALIGIRAN

20. RECOVER AND PROCESS
 Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
 Composting
 Recycling
Pag Harap sa Hamon sa
ISYUNG
PANGKAPALIGIRAN
Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)

21. Pag Harap sa Hamon sa
ISYUNG
PANGKAPALIGIRAN
Composting Recycling

22. ISYONG PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
SOLID WASTE
May MRF ka
ba?
Sources solid waste management status report, 2008-2018
32% of total barangays in the Philippines are served
by material recovery facilities (MRFs) as of 2018.
Out of the 42,044 barangays in the Philippines in
2018, 13,612 were served by MRFs (NSWMC Report 2008-
2018).
Republic Act 9003 defines material recovery facilities as a
facility “designed to receive, sort, process, and store
compostable and recyclable material efficiently and in
an environmentally sound manner (Section 33).”
The law does not mandate individual barangays to
operate individual MRFs. Facilities can be shared among
clusters of barangays.

23. Pag Harap sa Hamon
DISPOSAL
SANITARY LANDFILLS IN QUIRINO
(as of June 2019)
• Aglipay - Rang-ayan
• Cabarroguis - Gundaway
• Diffun - Ricarte Norte
• Madella - Balligui
• Saguday - Cardenas

24. ISYONG PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
SOLID WASTE
Ang Basura
ng Pinas
Sources solid waste management status report, 2008-2018
The Philippine Ecological Solid Waste Management Law
mandates sanitary landfills as “alternative final disposal
sites” to open and controlled dumpsites.
Sanitary landfills have “engineering control over significant
potential environmental impacts.”
In 2018, only around 22% Philippine local government
units have access to sanitary landfills.
Local government units are not required to establish their
own sanitary landfills. (The NSWMC has a list of
operational sanitary landfills.)

25. ISYONG PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
SOLID WASTE
Ang Basura
ng Pinas
Sources solid waste management status report, 2008-2018
Common waste disposal facilities, and waste management
facilities in general, can be shared, pursuant to the
Cooperative Undertakings provision of the Local
Government Code (Section 33 of Republic Act 7160.
In 2018, there were still 353 illegal dumpsites
operating (NSWMC).
All dumpsites should have been closed and phased out in
2006.
In August 2021, DENR reported that all open dumpsites
have been shut down.

26. Pag Harap sa Hamon
May plano ba
tayo paukol sa
SWM?
Philippine provinces, cities and
municipalities are mandated by law
to prepare 10-year solid waste
management plans.
As of November 17, 2021, 65.3% of all
LGUs have approved solid waste
management plans. Still under
evaluation are 30.4% of LGU SWM
plans; around 4% have not submitted
SWM plans for approval.

27. ISYONG PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
Does waste management affect climate
change?
In 2018, the Philippine waste sector was estimated to
contribute 6% of the total human-induced greenhouse gas
emissions of the country.
The solid waste sector contributes to human-induced GHG
emissions mainly through collection and disposal
processes.
Garbage trucks run on fossil fuel.

28. ISYONG PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
Does waste management affect climate
change?
Waste diversion facilities have machines that
emit smoke.
Backyard burning becomes harmful as waste content
includes plastic waste.
Incineration is prohibited in the country through the Clean
Air Act (RA 8749), so waste-to-energy (WTE) is being
pursued.
However, the pursuit of WTE technologies is also
deemed a loss scenario by waste campaign groups.

29. ISYONG PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
How much do local governments spend on
waste management?
According to What a Waste 2.0, high income
countries spend 4% of total municipal budget on
solid waste, middle-income countries 11%,
and low-income countries 19%.
The Philippines is classified as a lower-middle-
income country.

30. ISYONG PANGKAPALIGIRAN:
How much do local governments spend on
waste management?
Municipalities in developing countries like the Philippines typically
spend 80-90% of their total municipal solid waste budget spent
on collection and disposal services, based on a 2013 study of
developing countries.
Reducing generated solid waste will also reduce the needed
budget for collection and disposal.
A model in waste collection budget is San Fernando City,
Pampanga, which has reduced its waste management
expenditure from P70M to P15M.