The document discusses the Bantu migration from central Africa southward. It describes how the Bantu people were originally farmers and herders located in the savanna of Africa but increased population and limited land forced them to migrate south in search of more land. As they migrated, they introduced new cultures and iron smelting technology to other groups and displaced some groups from their lands, creating a diffusion of culture.

1. Section 2
MIGRATION

2. BANTU MIGRATION
• Group of people located in the • Forced to migrate south
savanna of Africa • Why: population increased
• Shared a common language no more land therefore
cultural characteristics migrated south to more
• Were farmers and herders land
• Slash and burn farming • Culture diffusion will take
technique caused them to place
move • Iron smelting
• Push-pull factors will cause • Effects of migration
Bantu to migrate • Drove other groups off
• Climate land
• Food • New culture created
• land

3. MIGRATION PATTERNS

4. Push Migration Pull
Examples Factors Examples
Climate
changes, exhausted
Abundant land, new
resources, earthquakes, Environmental
resources, good climate
volcanoes, drought/fami
ne
Employment
Unemployment, slavery Economic
opportunities
Religious, ethnic, or Political and/or religious
Political
political persecution, war freedom

6. EFFECTS OF MIGRATION
• Redistribution of the population may change population
density
• Cultural blending of languages or ways of life may occur
• Ideas and technology may be shared
• People’s quality of life may be improved as a result of moving
• Clashes between groups may create unrest, persecution, or
even war
• Environmental conditions may change, causing famine or
depleted natural resources
• Employment opportunities may dry up, creating
unemployment or poverty

7. TRACING MIGRATION THROUGH LANGUAGE
• If 2 languages have similar words
for 1 object, those people probably
had close contact with one another
• Niger-Congo Region includes 900
individual languages
• These come from the Proto-Bantu
language
• Spread from Migration
• Bantu Speakers live from:
• South of the Sahara to tip of Africa
• 1st language of 1/3 of all Africans