This document summarizes key style guidelines from the AP Stylebook, including:
1. Spell out state names except in datelines, abbreviate street names with addresses.
2. Cities usually include state, many large cities don't need state specified.
3. Spell out numbers zero through nine, use numerals for 10 and up, include dollar signs with money.
4. Capitalize official titles before names, lowercase unofficial titles. Spell out United States as noun, abbreviate as U.S. as adjective.
5. Punctuation rules for quotes, colons, semicolons. No serial commas or commas with Jr.
It provides examples and exceptions for many
copyread - edit and correct (written or printed material) copyedit, subedit. edit, redact - prepare for publication or presentation by correcting, revising, or adapting; "Edit a book on lexical semantics"; "she edited the letters of the politician so as to omit the most personal passages"
copyread - edit and correct (written or printed material) copyedit, subedit. edit, redact - prepare for publication or presentation by correcting, revising, or adapting; "Edit a book on lexical semantics"; "she edited the letters of the politician so as to omit the most personal passages"
News Writing the Philippine Science High School WayJerry Noveno
I have been giving lectures on news writing and have had a number of presentations. This one, I worked on last month, when I was invited to speak on the same topic to Allen National High School students in Northern Samar.
This presentation contains the basics of news writing and article ideas for the news page of the school paper. Through this, I hope to help fellow school paper advisers across the Philippines and maybe even beyond borders.
Please feel free to contact me through gurugeri@yahoo.com for any journalism training you may want to invite me to. Thanks very much!
News Writing the Philippine Science High School WayJerry Noveno
I have been giving lectures on news writing and have had a number of presentations. This one, I worked on last month, when I was invited to speak on the same topic to Allen National High School students in Northern Samar.
This presentation contains the basics of news writing and article ideas for the news page of the school paper. Through this, I hope to help fellow school paper advisers across the Philippines and maybe even beyond borders.
Please feel free to contact me through gurugeri@yahoo.com for any journalism training you may want to invite me to. Thanks very much!
AP Style Guide is the go-to publication for all American journalists working in these United States. It is without doubt one of the best journalism guides available.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
3. 1. States
• The names of states are spelled out except in
datelines and political identifiers (i.e., Sen.
Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass.)
4. 1. States
• The names of states are spelled out except in
datelines and political identifiers (i.e., Sen.
Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass.)
• The AP does not use postal abbreviations.
Consider the following datelines:
– Incorrect: CONCORD, MA — Police arrested …
– Correct: CONCORD, Mass. — Police arrested …
5. 2. Cities
• Most cities and towns are also identified by
state. For example, Annapolis, Maryland.
6. 2. Cities
• Most cities and towns are also identified by
state. For example, Annapolis, Maryland.
• Many large cities do not need a state whether
it is in the dateline or within the article. See
“Datelines” in the AP Stylebook.
– Wrong: New York, N.Y.
– Wicked wrong: New York, NY
– Right: New York
7. 3. Numerals
• Spell out numbers from zero through nine and
use numerals for 10 and up.
8. 3. Numerals
• Spell out numbers from zero through nine and
use numerals for 10 and up.
• Ages are always rendered as numerals:
the 5-year-old boy.
9. 3. Numerals
• Spell out numbers from zero through nine and
use numerals for 10 and up.
• Ages are always rendered as numerals:
the 5-year-old boy.
• Percentages are spelled out with a numeral:
6 percent.
10. 3. Numerals
• Spell out numbers from zero through nine and
use numerals for 10 and up.
• Ages are always rendered as numerals:
the 5-year-old boy.
• Percentages are spelled out with a numeral:
6 percent.
• Numerals with millions and billions: 7 million,
4.8 billion.
11. 3. Numerals
• Use numerals for large numbers lower than
1 million: 3,750 for example, or 375,000.
• Money always takes a dollar sign, even when
you are quoting someone:
– $46
– $4,600
– $4.6 million
12. 3. Numerals
• Use numerals for large numbers lower than
1 million: 3,750 for example, or 375,000.
• Money always takes a dollar sign, even when
you are quoting someone:
– $46
– $4,600
– $4.6 million
• The cent sign is never used. This is correct:
– 46 cents
13. 4. Politics
• Wrong: US Senator John McCain (R-AZ) is
often described as having an independent
streak.
14. 4. Politics
• Wrong: US Senator John McCain (R-AZ) is
often described as having an independent
streak.
• Right: U.S. Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., is often
described as having an independent streak.
15. 4. Politics
• We refer to President Donald Trump (including
first name on first reference), but to the
president (lowercase) when there’s no name.
16. 4. Politics
• Official titles are capitalized when they appear
before a name, but lowercased when used
after a name.
– Right: Secretary of State Rex Tillerson took office
shortly after John Kerry stepped down.
– Right: Rex Tillerson, secretary of state, took office
shortly after John Kerry stepped down.
17. 4. Politics
• Unofficial titles are akin to job descriptions,
and are lowercased whether they appear
before or after a person’s name.
– Right: Romney senior strategist Eric Fehrnstrom
had previously worked as a reporter for
the Boston Herald.
18. 5. Our country
• Spell out United States whenever it is used as
a noun.
– Energy prices in the United States tend to fluctuate
depending on economic activity.
19. 5. Our country
• Spell out United States whenever it is used as
a noun.
• The abbreviation U.S. is sufficient when used
as an adjective.
– The state of the U.S. economy has a major effect
on energy prices.
20. 5. Our country
• Spell out United States whenever it is used as
a noun.
• The abbreviation U.S. is sufficient when used
as an adjective.
• The abbreviation US is always wrong. Two-
letter abbreviations take periods (except AP).
21. 6. Punctuation
• Commas and periods go inside quotation
marks.
– Wrong: The author will read from his new book,
“Getting Rich”, today at 3 p.m.
– Right: The author will read from his new book,
“Getting Rich,” today at 3 p.m.
22. 6. Punctuation
• Colons and semicolons generally go outside
the quotation marks.
– We must read three novels over the summer:
Herman Melville’s masterpiece, “Moby Dick”; a
1920s classic by F. Scott Fitzgerald, “This Side of
Paradise”; and Ernest Hemingway’s last major
work, “The Old Man and the Sea.”
23. 6. Punctuation
• With question marks and exclamation points,
it depends on the context.
– “Why is it taking so long to get there?” she asked.
– Have you ever read “Moby Dick”?
24. 6. Punctuation
• We use double quotes in all cases unless we
need to use them inside quotation marks.
– “He said we must read ‘Moby Dick’ before the end
of the semester.”
– Wrong: The sign said ‘Exit’ in bright red lights.
– Right: The sign said “Exit” in bright red lights.
25. 6. Punctuation
• We use double quotes in all cases unless we
need to use them inside quotation marks.
• No serial (Oxford) commas with AP style:
– Wrong: Tom, Dick, and Harry.
– Right: Tom, Dick and Harry.
26. 6. Punctuation
• We use double quotes in all cases unless we
need to use them inside quotation marks.
• No serial (Oxford) commas.
• No commas with Jr.
– Wrong: Ken Griffey, Jr., was the greatest player of
his era until injuries slowed him down.
– Wicked wrong: Ken Griffey, Jr. was the greatest
player of his era until injuries slowed him down.
27. 6. Punctuation
• We use double quotes in all cases unless we
need to use them inside quotation marks.
• No serial (Oxford) commas.
• No commas with Jr.
– Right: Ken Griffey Jr. was the greatest player of his
era until injuries slowed him down.
28. 7. Time
• 1 p.m. or 10:15 a.m. Not 1 o’clock in the
afternoon or a quarter after 10 in the
morning.
29. 7. Time
• 1 p.m. or 10:15 a.m. Not 1 o’clock in the
afternoon or a quarter after 10 in the
morning.
• Midnight and noon are rendered just like that,
without a 12.
– The Rotary Club will meet from noon to 1:30 p.m.
30. 7. Time
• Months are spelled out when used without a
date.
– She is hoping to take two weeks off in August.
31. 7. Time
• Months are spelled out when used without a
date.
– She is hoping to take two weeks off in August.
• Months are abbreviated when used with a
date.
– She plans to begin her vacation on Aug. 13.
(Please note that it’s not 13th.)
32. 7. Time
• Months are spelled out when used without a
date.
– She is hoping to take two weeks off in August.
• Months are abbreviated when used with a
date.
– She plans to begin her vacation on Aug. 13.
(Please note that it’s not 13th.)
• We do not specify the year unless it’s in the
past or the future.
33. 8. Addresses
• Street names are spelled out when not used
with a specific address.
– He lives on Whalley Avenue.
34. 8. Addresses
• Street names are spelled out when not used
with a specific address.
– He lives on Whalley Avenue.
• Street names are abbreviated when used with
a specific address.
– He lives at 7 Whalley Ave.
35. 8. Addresses
• Street names are spelled out when not used
with a specific address.
• Street names are abbreviated when used with
a specific address.
36. 8. Addresses
• Street names are spelled out when not used
with a specific address.
• Street names are abbreviated when used with
a specific address.
• Some types of streets are always spelled out,
the most common example of which is road.
37. 8. Addresses
• Street names are spelled out when not used
with a specific address.
• Street names are abbreviated when used with
a specific address.
• Some types of streets are always spelled out,
the most common example of which is road.
• Lowercase when referring to more than one.
– The intersection of Smith and Jones streets.
– The intersection of Smith Street and Jones Road.
38. 9. Possessives
• Some style guides form the possessive of a
proper name ending in s with ’s.
– Fred Jones’s car is a rusting hulk of metal and
random wires.
39. 9. Possessives
• Some style guides form the possessive of a
proper name ending in s with ’s.
– Fred Jones’s car is a rusting hulk of metal and
random wires.
• AP style eliminates the second s.
– Fred Jones’ car is a rusting hulk of metal and
random wires.
40. 10. Titles
• AP style does not use italics at all except,
incongruously enough, in the AP Stylebook in
order to distinguish rules from examples, as is
also the case with this slideshow.
41. 10. Titles
• The names of newspapers, websites and
magazines are rendered without any
punctuation or italicization.
– The Boston Globe (capitalize The because it is part
of the name; always check)
– BuzzFeed
– Entertainment Weekly
– Talking Points Memo
42. 10. Titles
• The names of books, movies, TV shows,
albums, songs, video games and the like
should be in quotation marks.
– “Spotlight”
– “In Cold Blood”
– “30 Rock”
– “Call of Duty: Black Ops”
– “Highway 61 Revisited”
43. 11. People
• People are referred to only by their last name
on second reference.
– John Smith is Smith
– Mary Jones is Jones
– Honorifics (Mr., Ms., Mrs.) are generally used in
obituaries
– Reintroducing someone by his or her first and last
name is good practice when writing a long story
44. 12. Special digital considerations
• The AP has modernized its approach to the
internet in recent years. Thus:
– The word web is always lowercase
– The word website is lowercase
– The word internet is lowercase
45. 13. A grammatical tip
• Spend some time reading and understanding
the stylebook’s sections on essential and
nonessential clauses and phrases.
• If you can understand why this sentence is
telling us that Mary Smith has more than one
husband, then you’re starting to get it:
– Mary Smith and her husband John Jones appeared
before the Planning Board on Tuesday.
48. Credit
• This presentation is based on the short guide
to AP style in “Writing and Reporting for the
Media” (11th edition), by Bender, Davenport,
Drager and Fedler.