This document provides information and guidelines about copyreading and headline writing. It discusses what copyreading entails such as editing texts for accuracy, grammar, style and formatting before publication. The importance of copyreading for campus publications is emphasized as it sets standards and reflects on the institution. Key responsibilities of a copyreader include editing for errors, conciseness and objectivity. Newspaper style guidelines are also outlined covering topics such as capitalization, abbreviations, numbers, quotations and punctuation.
copyread - edit and correct (written or printed material) copyedit, subedit. edit, redact - prepare for publication or presentation by correcting, revising, or adapting; "Edit a book on lexical semantics"; "she edited the letters of the politician so as to omit the most personal passages"
copyread - edit and correct (written or printed material) copyedit, subedit. edit, redact - prepare for publication or presentation by correcting, revising, or adapting; "Edit a book on lexical semantics"; "she edited the letters of the politician so as to omit the most personal passages"
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3. • Reading the copy
Copyreading
Material for a newspaper or magazine article;
the text as written by the author
• The art of arranging, correcting and
selecting the quality and type of news
• It includes checking the correctness of
grammar and syntax (form) and checking
the accuracy and relevance of data and
analysis (content);
• This is giving the final touch to an article
before it goes to the printer.
4. “Copy reading is mostly referred
to as ‘copy editing.’ It's basically
the process of reading over
something, correcting any error
and ‘spicing’ it up to make it more
appealing to the reader.”
17. Importance of Copyreading
• When copyreading is not done to a
campus publication, everyone suffers: the
readers, the authors, the publications, and
the institutions the publication represents.
• Poorly edited article can ruin an otherwise
clear writing, resulting in the journalist’s failure
to communicate his ideas to his readers.
•Unedited campus publication sets bad example to
students.
• Sloppily edited publications will eventually lose the
trust of readers and destroy the reputation of the
publication.
18. • A campus publication represents an
educational institution, which is in the
business of learning. It gets disseminated
not only to the students but to parents as
well, and the community. Campus papers,
therefore, should raise the bar on the good
use of language and good writing.
• Well-copyedited campus paper reflects well not
only on the student writer but on the school
itself as an academic institution.
19. He/She must:
• have a good command of the
language (English/ Filipino);
• have a passion for and working
knowledge of rules in grammar;
• have a wide vocabulary
• be observant of the details (spelling,
correct usage)
The Copyreader
• know the paper’s policy
• know the paper’s stylebook;
20. .
• have a in-dept knowledge of
copyreading symbols
• be well-read and have a highly
developed sense of news.
• A love of good writing and the ability
to see the potential in a piece, the
skill to help bring it out—or the good
sense to know when to leave it
alone.
• Skepticism that raises doubt in
everything and fortitude to check it.
21. .
• Self-confidence to know how to
improve even a veteran reporter’s
copy
• knowledge of journalistic conventions
•Ability to recall style and
copyreading rules
22. He/She
• edits errors on grammar and
mechanics
• edits errors of fact (accuracy
check)
• edits verbose copy
• deletes opinion or slant and
libelous statement
What does a Copyreader do?
23. .• writes the headline
• abides by the ABC principles
of the paper
• makes sure articles follow the
newspaper style
- ccuracy and Fairness
- revity and Conciseness
- larity and Consistency
27. • Content
– See to it that all entries are factual
– Accurate
– Free from libelous and derogatory
statements; seditious and rebellious
matter; expressions contrary to law and
good taste; and opinion and editorializing
statements
• Brevity, Clarity and Coherence
– Keep the text simple by using simple
words instead of complex terms. Avoid
jargons. Keep It Short and Simple!
– Transition (each word/sentence logically
follows the previous or relate to it)
What to copyread?
28. • Grammar
– Subject-verb agreement
– Dangling Modifiers
Ex.: The lady wears a very expensive ring on her
index finger which she bought in Hongkong.
The lady wears a very expensive ring which she
bought in Hongkong on her index finger.
– Parallel construction
Ex.: The food served in the party, according to those
who did not suffer from diarrhea, was delicious and
full of nutritive value.
The food served in the party, according to those
who did not suffer from diarrhea, was delicious and
nutritious.
– Hanging participles
– Active and passive
– Misused prepositions
29. - Spelling (American vs. British, variants
- Number
- Punctuation
- Capitalization
- Abbreviation
- Symbols
- Common Inaccuracies
• Style
30. • Common Inaccuracies
– Editorializing (one’s own value judgment)
luckily mysterious
obviously perfectly
poignant positively
predictably radical
respected sadly
shocking spectacular
stunning successfully
tragic troubling
undoubtedly unique
unusual very
amazing astounding
awful bad
best bizarre
certainly complex
controversial crucial
definitely disturbing
dramatic effectively
evil exciting
fittingly good
grim honestly
important inevitable
32. • Common Inaccuracies
– Sexist words/gender-biased words
BIASED BIASED Free
businessman entrepreneur
career woman professional
fireman firefighter
chairman chairperson
mankind people/humanity
manpower workers, work force
founding fathers pioneers
policeman police officer
salesman salesperson
repairman technician
mother tongue native language
mailman mail carrier
saleslady sales agent
33. • Common Inaccuracies
future plans
advance planning
armed gunmen
cancelled out
Advance prediction
Final conclusion
Other alternative
6 a.m. in the morning
Modern world of today
Spherical in shape
Blue in color
Heavy in weight
Sinampal sa mukha
Isinandal ang likod
Pasan sa balikat
Bumulusok pababa
Ibinaon pailalim
Redundancies (unnecessary repetition
of ideas)
34. • Common Inaccuracies
– Verbal Deadwood (useless phrasing)
WEAK BETTER
at this point in time now
at that point in time then
completely unnecessary unnecessary
complimentary free gift gift
cooperate together cooperate
due to the fact that because
electrocuted to death electrocuted
ahead of schedule early
adequate in number enough
a man by the name of man named
affixed his signature signed
aonstructed by wood wooden
called to a halt stopped
35. WEAK BETTER
for the reason that because
a large proportion many
at the present time now
at an early date soon
is of opinion that believes
in the neighborhood of near
after careful considerationafter considering
answered in the negative said no
at 4 a.m. this morning 4 a.m.
as in the case of like
in the event of in case
in spite of the fact although
draw attention of remind
tendered his resignation resigned
united in holy matrimony married
held a conference met
told his listeners said
avenues to explore ways
36. WEAK BETTER
conceptualize think
concept idea
by virtue of the fact that because
during the period from from
has the capability of can
he is the man who he
in the final analysis finally
economically advantaged poor
for the purpose of for/to
in case of if
in close proximity near
in regard to about
in the event that if
make inquiry regarding inquire
make mention of mention
oral conversations talks
true facts facts
terminated fired
37. • Copyreading Procedures
Whenever the copyreader sits
down to work, he/she has the
intention of making the copy free
of errors. It is the goal of
copyreader, therefore, to do
his/her work systematically and
efficiently. It would be good to
follow the following steps:
38. .• Read the whole article first to
determine what kind of story it is
and determine which is the lead
paragraph.
• Mark the copy with the necessary
paragraph beginnings, margins, and
end marks. Reread the article and
correct obvious errors in grammar,
spelling, punctuations and style using
copyreading symbols.
39. .•Reread the article and improve
the organization of the story, if
necessary. Make sure the lead
features the lead fact. Also,
remove all unnecessary and
irrelevant materials.
•Reread the article and thoroughly
edit/correct errors in grammar,
spelling, punctuation and style.
40. .
•If you believe that the copy is
already free of errors, write a
catchy and fitting headline for the
story.
•Give the printer’s direction and body
schedule. Encircle the slugline.
41. •Style
In journalism, it refers to the fact
that every time a certain term
appears in a newspaper, it is used
consistently in the same way
throughout the paper.
It covers the use of abbreviations,
titles, punctuations and how a
certain term is mentioned.
42. Basics of Newspaper Style
Numbers
Spell out:
•Whole numbers below 10
•Numerals that start a sentence.
Example: Twenty-seven detainees were
released yesterday.
•For large numbers use hyphen to connect
word ending in y to another word:
Example: twenty-one or seventy-six
thousand
43. Use figures:
•For 10 and above.
•For all dates, addresses, ages and
percentages (even less than 10), and
decimals.
•For events, 1st – 9th is allowed.
•For ALL numbers in the headline.
44. Places
•Abbreviate words street, avenue and
boulevard only after numbered
address.
•Never abbreviate drive, highway,
place, etc.
•Abbreviate compass directions in
numbered address.
Example: 50 S. Court St.,
South Court Street
45. Time
•Always use numerals without st, nd,
rd or th in dates.
•Avoid using yesterday, today and
tomorrow
story publication could be delayed
•When writing about events use
months and dates
Example: "April 30" and "June
5."
46. •When referring to a month, day and
year, set off year with commas.
Example: Aug. 20, 1964, was the
day they had all been waiting for.
•Never abbreviate months not
immediately precede a date
•Abbreviate only if month's name is six
letters or longer
Example: We got married in
September last year.
They were married
Aug. 6 last year and divorced March 5.
47. •Add an "s" to first year in the decade.
•Years are never spelled out.
•Even at beginning of sentence use
figure.
Example: In the 1960s, I did a lot
of things I don't remember.
1968 was a good year, I'm told.
48. •Recognize “8 p.m. tonight” is
redundant. Write 8 p.m. Monday.
•Use figures except for noon and
midnight
•Write time of day like this: 2:30 a.m.
or 8:45 p.m.
49. Capitalization
•Capitalize first and last word of title.
•Capitalize all words four letters or
longer.
•Do not capitalize articles "a," "an" and
"the” OR conjunctions or prepositions,
unless four letters or longer.
•Capitalize the in title if that is the way
publication prefers to be known.
Examples: The Elements of Style
Gone With the Wind
The Angler
50. •Capitalize formal titles before a name
do not separate title from name by a comma.
•Titles after a name or standing alone are ALMOST
NEVER capitalized
Examples: I saw President Obama.
He met Prince Charles.
Dr. Mojock, LSCC
president, attended the meeting.
51. Spelling
•In the Philippines, American English is
used, not British English.
Example: color not colour
•If a word has more than one accepted
spelling, the shorter one is preferred.
Example: enrol over enroll
judgment over judgement
52. Abbreviations
•A title or position of a person may be
abbreviated if it appears BEFORE the
name but not if simply used in the
sentence.
Example: Senator/Sen. Manlapaz
` opposed the new bill.
The Senator opposed
the new bill.
53. Acronyms
•Acronyms are usually written in capital
letters.
•Check if the letters of the acronym are in
the correct order
•When an acronym appears for the FIRST
time in a news story, it is written AFTER
ITS MEANING and it is enclosed in
parenthesis.
Example: Tarlac Agricultural
University (TAU)
54. Paragraph
•The first sentence of a paragraph is
indented. BUT the first paragraph of a
story is NOT INDENTED.
•In news stories, the rule is one paragraph,
one sentence only.
55. Lead/Lede
•There should be no names of unknown
persons in the lead.
•Check for buried leads.
•The standard lead answers the 5Ws and
1H.
56. Grammar
•Check errors in TENSES of Verb
•Check errors in Subject-Verb Agreement
•Check errors in Pronoun Antecedent
agreement
•Check errors in articles
57. Comma
•Do NOT put a comma BEFORE
conjunction in a simple series.
Example: John, Paul, George
and Ringo; red, white and blue.
Guide to
Punctuations
•Use a comma to set off a person's
hometown and age.
Example: Jane Doe, Framingham,
was absent.
Joe Blow, 34, was
arrested yesterday.
58. •Place a comma before and after
a year, if it follows a month and
date.
Example: I was born on
Nov. 6, 1958, in Madison, Wis.
•Place a comma before and after
an appositive (a word or phrase
that says same thing as a word or
phrase next to it)
Example: I saw my boss,
John Smith, in the hall. (My boss
and John Smith are identical.)
59. Use comma to separate facts
concerning victims and/or suspects
in an accident news.
Example: Joyce Macatangay,
19, of Calle Siyete, Quezon City.
•Do NOT use a comma to separate the
abbreviations Jr., Sr. or III from the name
Example: Rudy Ong Jr.
•Use comma to separate the street,
barangay, town and province in an
address
60. • (Filipino) Gumamit ng kuwit sa
paghihiwalay ng mga pananalitang
pasalungat na pinangungunahan
ng ngunit, datapuwat, hindi, atbp.
Halimbawa: Nakangiti siya,
ngunit hindi totoong masaya.
61. Colon
Capitalize first word after colon
only if it is a proper noun or start of
a complete sentence:
Example: He promised this:
The company will make good all
the losses.
But: There were three
considerations: expense, time and
feasibility.
62. • Colons go outside quotation
marks unless part of quoted
material.
• Use colons when presenting a series
of information and use semi-colon to
separate components of the series.
Example: Elected officers of the
RIANDES Tutoring Center are:
Rizalina Tablarin, President;
Odessa Tablarin, Vice
President;…
63. Hyphen
•Use a hyphen for compound
adjectives before the noun:
Example: well-known actor,
full-time job, 20-year sentence
•Do not use hyphen when compound
modifier occurs after verb:
Example: The actor was well
known. Her job became full time. He
was sentenced to 20 years.
64. •Gumamit ng gitling kapag ang
isang tanging ngalan ay
inuunlapian.
Example: Maka-Duterte
Mag-recite
I-salvage
•Gumamit ng gitling sa mga salitang
ang kayarian ay inuulit.
65. Period
•Use a double space after period
at end of sentence.
•Do not put space between initials:
C.S. Lewis; G.K. Chesterton
66. Quotation Marks
•Quote marks indicate exact
wording.
They tell reader, "This is exactly
what was said."
•Quote marks always appear outside
punctuation.
67. •Use quotation marks to set off an
alias or nickname
•DO NOT USE the quotation marks to set off
title of events, show, movies, books, etc.
Example: We watched The Little
Prince
BUT
We watched “Langitngit ng Papag.”
68. •When a full-sentence quotation is
introduced or followed by
attribution, place a comma
between them.
•Quotations that are questions only
need a question mark.
Example: “Did he really say
that?” he asked.
69. •In dialogue, each person’s words
are placed in a separate paragraph
with quotation marks.
Begin a new paragraph with each
speaker
•Use single marks for quotes within
quotes:
Example: She said, “He told
me, ‘I love you.’”
70. If a quote is more than 2 sentences
use a colon after attribution.
Examples:
I said: “Isn’t this great. . . It's
the state fair."
"What's going on?" he asked.
He said he felt "sicker than a
dead frog” after he drank too much
tequila.
71. • HEADLINE – an assemblage of
words written in bigger, bolder
letters than the usual page text
at the beginning of the news. It
provides the gist of the article.
• Attention-getter, capsule form of
the story
• It is NOT a title.
Headlining
72. to attract readers
to tell the story in a summary
add variety of type
identify the personality of the newspaper
index/grade the news
Functions of a Headline
73. The headline presents the news in capsule, thus
it is telegraphic.
It must contain the most important, the most
intriguing, the most unusual fact of the story.
It must be constructed as to catch the reader’s
attention and make him read the story.
Size and length of the headline must be
proportional to the length of the story and its
importance
The headline is based on the lead.
Qualities of a Good Headline
74. Flush Left (begin at left hand corner)
xxxxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXXX
2 sundalong bihag
pinalaya ng NPA
Flush right (begin at right hand corner)
xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx
Edukasyong pang-agham
isinusulong ng DepEd
Structures of Headline
75. Block (from margin to margin)
xxxxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
TAU pumasa sa 1st Surveillance audit;
nanatiling ISO 9001:2015 accredited
Crossline or bar line (one-line headline)
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Duterte, kinondena ng LGBTQ+ supporters
76. Drop Line (like a staircase)
xxxxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXXX
Timpalak-kagandahan, kalinisan
ng barangay, inilunsad ng Anao-LGU
Hanging Indention (top line flush at right)
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx
Joma: Taguring terorista sa CPP-NPA
hadlang sa peace talks
78. Read the story for general meaning.
(Basahin ang istorya upang makuha ang pangkalahatang
kaisipan.)
Search the key words on which to base your headline.
Clues are usually in the LEAD.
(Kunin ang mahahalagang salita upang gawing batayan
sa pag-uulo. Gawing sanggunian ang pamatnubay upang
makapamili ng mga salitang gagamitin sa pag-uulo.)
TIPS TO HEADLINE WRITERS
Don’t repeat key words in the same headline; don’t
repeat the exact wording of the story in the headline.
Avoid ambiguity, insinuations, and double meanings.
79. Use brief and shortest words possible.
(Gamitin sa pag-uulo ang pinakamaikling salitang
posibleng gamitin na naaayon sa kaisipan ng istorya.)
e.g. NO: Baby killed by rat attack
YES: Rat eats baby
Have a subject and a verb. (Use colorful nouns; vigorous
active verbs) Avoid starting with a verb, the headline
may sound as if it is giving orders.
(Lagyan ng simuno at pandiwa ang ulo ng balita, subalit
huwag magsimula sa pandiwa).
NOT: Revise money mart guidelines
BUT: CB revises money mart guidelines
80. Use a comma instead of AND. (Gamitin ang kuwit (,) bilang
pamalit sa AT).
e.g. Duterte, Cayetano to attend Asean Summit
Use semi-colon (;) for another idea. (Gumamit ng tuldokuwit
(;) para sa panibagong kaisipan.)
e.g. M-6.7 quake hits northeast Japan;
tsunami alert briefly issued
Opt for the active voice.
e.g. WEAK: Debate team given top award
in district contest
BETTER: Debate team lords in district contest
Use the down style – only the first word and proper nouns are
capitalized.
e.g. Aquino justifies appointment of Ochoa as PAOCC head
81. Use single quotes in headlines. (Gumamit ng isang
panipi lamang sa pag-uulo.)
e.g. Basketball team ‘brings home bacon’
No oil price hike – PNoy OR
PNoy: No oil price hike
If possible, do not repeat words in the headline from
the lead. Use the synonym of the verb.
Don’t leave preposition at the end of the line.
(Huwag magtapos sa pang-angkop, pantukoy o
pang-ugnay sa dulo ng linya)
WRONG: Mentors call for RIGHT: Mentors call
reform of schools for reform of schools
82. Use widely known abbreviations.
e.g. SC, DOJ, DepED, CHED, Phl
Be positive, don’t use negatives in headlines.
They weaken not only the headline but also the
story. (Iwasang gumamit ng negatibong
pandiwa.)
e.g. NOT: US doesn’t trust Peking-
Moscow
normalization overtures
BUT: US wary on Peking-Moscow
normalization overtures
Palarong Panlalawigan, ‘di matutuloy
Palarong Panlalawigan, kanselado
83. Use present tense for past stories
(use PAST TENSE of verb in FILIPINO)
Use the infinitive form of the verb for future events.
e.g. City Hall to push anti-squatting drive
Write numbers in figures (numeical form)
e.g. 7 of 10 Pinoys trust Noy – poll
Use kickers to attract attention.
e.g. Amid political controversy
Marcos tops presidential post
84. Do not use a period at the end of the headline.
Use the punctuation marks (especially the
exclamation point) sparingly.
Omit the helping verb if it is in the passive voice.
Only the past participle is retained
e.g. NOT: Drug pushers were nabbed
BUT: Drug pushers nabbed
Use the passive voice to emphasize the receiver of
an action rather than the performer of the action.
Use the passive voice to point out the receiver when
the performer is unknown or unimportant.
85. Do not use name of personalities unless
they are well known.
e.g. Obama, PNOy, Erap, GMA
If the person involved is not well known,
use a common noun/modifier instead.
e.g. WEAK: Santos wins lotto pot
BETTER: Ex-OFW wins lotto pot
Use specific terms instead of generalities.
e.g. NOT: TAU student killed
BUT: TAU student stabbed to death
94. HEADLINE STYLES AND
TERMS
Downstyle refers to capitalization in headline writing
where heads are treated like sentences, with only the
first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
This is a downstyle head
Upstyle refers to capitalization in headline writing
where first letter of all major words in heads are treated
capitalized. All capitalized-letter heads are also called
upstyle.
This is an Upstyle Head
THIS IS ALSO AN UPSTYLE
HEAD
95. In headlines that are combinations of two or more
heads, the main head is usually the larger/largest in
font size. Main head tells the main point of the
headlines.
Deck or drop head/subhead is a small secondary head
that runs beneath the main head.
This is a mainThis is a deck beneath the main one
96. Hammer is a label head above the main head, typically
one to three words. Usually in bold type, hammers are
bigger than the main head.
Hammer
Here is the main head beneath the hammer
This is a kicker up here
Here is the main head
Kicker is a label head above a main head, typically up
to five words. Kicker is usually about half the point size
of the main head
97. Label head is a headline that has no verb. Often
focuses on a theme or mood, it is most often used
with feature and magazine stories.
Slug/Slugline is a short name or title—usually one
or two words—given to a story for quick and easy
identification in the newsroom.
Points refer to the font or type size (its height in
points measured from the bottom of a descender
like j to the top of an ascender like k). Headline
type typically ranges in size from 18 points to 72
points.
98. Columns are the vertical strips of text. The thin white
spaces between columns are called gutters.
Broadsheets carry 6-7 columns; tabloid and magazines, 4-5
columns
Headline count is the count or length in units of each line of
the head.
Headline order refers to request for a given size of headline.
It a three-number sequence that tells (1) how many columns
a headline should cover, (2) what point size it should be,
and (3) how many lines it should fill. Columns–Font Size–
Lines (e.g., 6-42-1: six columns wide, 42-point type size,
one line
Headline schedule is chart that allows one to translate a
headline order into a specific count. It tells how many
counts of a given point size can fit into a given column
width.
99. Headline Unit Counting
Width Letters, Figures, Marks
½ unit
Lowercase f, i, j, l, and t
Capital I and numerical figure 1
All punctuations except question mark and
dashes
1 unit All other lowercase letters except m and w
All other numbers
Question mark
Spaces between words
1½ units Lowercase m and w
All capital letters except I, M, and W
Dashes
Symbols such as ₽, $, %, and &
2 units Capitals M and W
100. Headline Schedule Chart
Font Size
1
Column
2
Columns
3
Columns
4
Columns
5
Columns
6
Columns
18 points 16 units 33 units
24 points 13 units 27 units 40 units
30 points
10.5
units
21.5
units
32 units 43 units
36 points 9 units
18.5
units
28 units 38 units
47.5
units
42 points 7.5 units
15.5
units
23.5
units
32 units 40 units 48 units
48 points
13.5
units
20.5
units
28 units 35 units
42.5
units
54 points 12 units 18 units
24.5
units
30.5
units
37 units
60 points 16 units
21.5
units
27.5
units
33 units
72 points 14 units
18.5
units
23 units 28 units
101. Direction to the Printer
TAU now ISO certified
3/54/CaMT-B/1
CL/DS
18 units
3 - Number of columns
54 - Font size
CaMT- Font
B - Font style
1 - Number of lines
C
L
- Head structure (Crossline)
D - Headline style (DownStyle)
102. The Tarlac Agricultural University (TAU) is now certified
by the International Organization of Standardization
(ISO) after Ms. Mary Glory Caunin, auditor of the
Russian Register, awarded the ISO 9001:2015 Quality
Management System (QMS) Certification to the TAU-
QMS Core Group headed by Dr. Tessie E. Navarro, the
vice president for Research, Extension and Training on
Feb. 9, 2018 at the TAU Agritourism Hostel Function
Hall.
1/9.8/CaMT-B
After receiving the ISO certification, Dr. Max P.
Guillermo, commended the QMS Core Group for
achieving another milestone for the University. He
added that earning this prestigious award does not
mean an end of a journey; instead, this signifies the
continuous challenge in sustaining excellence and
integrity in service they provide for their clientele and
stakeholders.
1/9.8/CaMT-N
Body Schedule
Line
Spacing
Font size
Font Bold
Normal
103. The Tarlac Agricultural University (TAU) is now certified
by the International Organization of Standardization
(ISO) after Ms. Mary Glory Caunin, auditor of the
Russian Register, awarded the ISO 9001:2015 Quality
Management System (QMS) Certification to the TAU-
QMS Core Group headed by Dr. Tessie E. Navarro, the
vice president for Research, Extension and Training on
Feb. 9, 2018 at the TAU Agritourism Hostel Function
Hall.
1/9.8/CaMT-B
Slug
Line
Spacing
Font Bold
TAU now ISO certified
3/54/CaMT-B/1
FL/DS
18 units
News
TAU DevUps
ISO
rc/2-9-2018
Story Type
Name of Paper
Keyword
Initials/Date