This document outlines a study on the antioxidant properties of Indian propolis and its chemical constituents. It provides background on antioxidants and defines propolis as a natural resinous mixture collected by honeybees from plant sources. The document discusses the composition and sources of Indian propolis in different regions of India. It examines the chemical constituents galangin and pinocembrin that are active components in Indian propolis. The advantages and uses of Indian propolis are outlined, including in traditional medicines, cosmetics, and food products. The aim of the project is to study the antioxidant activity and pharmacological effects of Indian propolis and its chemical components.

1. By
Abu Sayeed
CHM11021
DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
ALIAH UNIVERSITY

2.  What is the aim of my project ?
 What is Antioxidant?
 What is Indian propolis?
 History of indian propolis ?
 Source of propolis in different geogrhaphical region in
india ?
 Characteristics of propolis ?
 What the chemical constituents of Indian propolis?
 Structure of Active constituents of indian propolis?
 Difference between two active component of indian
propolis?
 What is the advantages of Indian propolis?
 What is Use of Indian propolis?

3.  Study Antioxidant activity of indian propolis and
its chemical constituent and pharmacological
effect .

4.  An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibit oxidation of
other molecules.
 Oxidation is a chemical reaction involve loss of
electrons or increase oxidation state .
 In cellular system oxidation is a natural process.
 free radicals are generated which prompts chain
reactions.
 chain reactions cause cellular damage.
 eventually cause cell death or diseases .

5. .
 Antioxidant terminated these chain reaction by
involving free radical intermediate , inhibit
oxidation .

7.  Propolis is a natural resinous mixture produced by
honeybees from substances collected from parts of plants.
Propolis, also known as ‘bee glue’, is the most important
and interesting ‘chemical weapon’ of honey bees.
Fig:indian propolis

8.  Propolis is having a composition more than 300
phytocompounds . Etymologically the word
propolis derived from the Greek pro (for ‘in front
of’, ‘at the entrance to’) and polis (for
‘community’ or ‘city’), meaning that this natural
product is used for hive defense. Another name of
propolis is bee glue. Nowadays, propolis is a
natural remedy found in many health food stores in
different forms for topical use.

9. Propolis has a long history of medicinal use, many
years back to 350 B.C., the time of Aristotle.
Greeks have used propolis for ulcer disease ;
Assyrians have used it for healing wounds and
tumors; and Egyptians have used it for
mummification. It still has many medicinal uses
today, although its effectiveness has only been
shown for a couple of them.

10. (Kulincevica & Gacica, 1991)

11.  Propolis composition varies according to different
geographical region. Difference shows due to
climate and temperature variati in india.

12. SL NO Geographic Region Activity Solvent used in
extraction
1 Karnataka Antibacterial Petroleum ether,
chloroform,
ethanol,
methanol and
40% methanol
2 West Bengal Anti-oxidant Ethanol and
water
3 Gujarat Antioxidant,
antimicrobial.
Ethanol, water,
petroleum ether,
chloroform
4 Madhya Pradesh Anti-microbial, Ethanol
5 Maharashtra Anti-microbial
anti-bacterial
Ethanol,
Mthanol

13. souce of indian propolis
Madhya Pradesh
westbengal
Gujarat
Karnataka

14.  Propolis is lipophilic in nature,
 Hard and brittle material when cold.
 when temperature rises it becomes soft.
 It is flexible, gummy and very sticky.
 It possesses a characteristic and pleasant aromatic
smell and varies in color from yellow green, to red
,black and to dark brown depending on its source .

15.  At temperatures of 25°C to 45°C propolis is a soft,
flexible and very sticky substance. Particularly
when frozen or at near freezing, it
becomes hard and brittle. It will remain brittle after
such treatmengt even at higher temperatures.
Above 45°C it will become increasingly sticky and
gummy. Propolis will become liquid at 60°C to
70°C, but for some samples the melting point may
be as high as 100°C.

16.  The most common solvents used for commercial
extraction are as follows water, methanol, ethanol,
chloroform, dichloromethane, ether, and acetone.
Many of the bactericidal components are soluble in
water or alcohol. These solvents remove the inert
material and preserve the desired compounds.

17. INDIAN PROPOLIS
galanginpinocembrin

18. FIG 1 :
pinocembrin Fig 2 galangin

19. 1) Chemical formula :C15H12O4
2) CHEMICAL NAME :5,7
DIHYDROXYFLAVANON
3) MOLAR
MASS:256.25GM/MOL
4) DENSITY :1.386 gm /ml
1) CHEMICAL
FORMULA:C15H10O5
2) CHEMICAL NAME :3,5,7
TRIHYDROXY FLAVANONE
3) MOLAR MASS:272.25gm/mol
4) DENSITY :1.597 gm/ml

20.  Over the last few decades, worldwide increase in
the use of natural products for pharmacological
purposes has been observed.
 1) Nowadays, propolis is a natural remedy found
in many health food stores in different forms for
topical use.
 2)It is also used in cosmetics or as popular
alternative medicine for self-treatment of various
diseases.
 3) Current applications of propolis include
formulations for cold syndrome.

21.  4) As well as dermatological preparations useful in
wound healing, treatment of burns neurodermatitis.
 5) Additionally, propolis is used in mouthwashes and
toothpastes.
 6) It is widely used in cosmetics and in health foods
and beverages.
 7) It is commercially available in the form of capsules
(either pure or in extracts), mouthwash solutions
(combined with lemon balm, sage, mallow), creams,
throat lozenges, powder and also in many purified
products from which the wax was removed .
 8) it is widely used in human and veterinary medicine,
pharmacology and cosmetics.

22.  Propolis has been used in traditional medicines for
thousands of years.
Antimicrobial:
 Preliminary scientific studies show some types of
propolis have in vitro antimicrobial activity with
active constituents including flavonoid
like galangin and hydrocinamic acids like caffic
acid.

23.  Viral entry of HIV-1 was inhibited in CD4 lymphocytes.
 Effectiveness of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor,
zidovudine, was increased.

24. (Gekker, Hu, Spivak, Lokensgard, & Peterson, 2005)

25.  IT has anti cancer activity
 It has antifungal activity .
 It is also used in cosmetics.
 Current applications of propolis include
formulations for cold syndrome.

26. In food:..
 Propolis is used by some chewing gum
manufacturers to make propolis gum.
Car wax:
 Propolis is used to bring about a chemical reaction
to convert fats and oils into automobile wax during
application.

27.  DONE BY :
Rajibul Arif Laskar, Ismail Sk, Nayan Roy,
Naznin Ara Begum,
Bio-Organic Chemistry Lab, Department of
Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University,
Santiniketan 731 235, India.
Supervisor Dr. H. Mir
Head, Dept. of Chemistry
 All the faculty, Dept. of Chemistry,Aliah
university .
 My class mates…