1) The document proposes an antimatter driven sail concept for deep space exploration, using antiprotons to induce fission in uranium and propel the sail.
2) Key challenges include the need for further testing to determine the number of atoms ejected per fission ("Nat"), as a high Nat is required to achieve sufficient thrust.
3) An antimatter fission power system is also proposed to provide onboard power, with further work needed to optimize the scintillator and photovoltaic cell coupling.
4) Initial missions could include a 10-year Kuiper Belt mission with mg quantities of antihydrogen, and technology demonstrations in the next decade could help enable an interstellar mission within 20 years
2013 Briefing Update
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR ANTIGRAVITY DEVICES By James E. Cox
It is proposed that the various types of antigravity devices be categorized into the following seven groups:
I. MECHANICAL ANTIGRAVITY DEVICES:
These are purely mechanical devices generally involving high speed rotation and forced precessional features using different materials in some cases. Example members are from Laithwaite, Wallace, Kidd, McCabe, Stratchen, Delroy, Foster, Dean, Forward, dePalma, Hayasaka and Cowlishaw.
II. ACCOUSTICAL ANTIGRAVITY DEVICES:
These devices have no moving parts but employ vibration to alter nuclear interactions with gravity such as the work of Keely, Tibetan's stone levitation, Leedskelstein, and some inventors of acoustical levitation devices.
III. CHARGED STATIC/ROTATING DISC/CONES ANTIGRAVITY:
These are electrostatic/magnetic devices using stationary electrodes at high voltage such as T.T. Brown/Bielfeld and Bahnson, Naudin, Hartman, Nipher, Pages, Kelly, Rieken as well as rotating components such as Searl, Hammel, Davidson, Saxl, Halik, Schauberger, Carr, Hooper, Huaro, Smith and Vril/Schumann.
IV. AC/RF OR MICROWAVE ELECTROMAGNETIC ANTIGRAVITY DEVICES:
In this group are devices with no moving parts having high frequency electromagnetic fields such as Alzofon, Tesla, Littlejohn, Sweet, Nielson, Seike, Hutchinson, Farrow, Bielek, Zinsser, Peshka, Schlecker, and Smith, etc.
V. SOLID STATE ANTIGRAVITY DEVICES:
These devices have their seat of antigravitic/shielding action within the atomic/lattice structure in both steady-state and transient modes such as the BaICuO superconductors used in the Podkletnov and Schnurer devices, (and those who have replicated their effects) as well as excitons in doped crystals.
VI. NUCLEAR ANTIGRAVITATION:
This entails the alteration of the interactions with the nucleus or its modification, to yield a change in weight or generation of gravity beams, or breakdown of Newton's third law such as in the work of Bearden, Wallace, Dan Fry, Gilber Jordan, extraterrestrial spacecraft (Lazar's element 115), Celtan, white powder (monoatomic elements), Dr. Charles Brush, and possibly cold fusion with ZPE interaction.
t
VII. BIOLOGICAL ANTIGRAVITY DEVICES:
These involve the human or animal element to obtain levitation, or weightless, psychokinetic action or inertia modification as in the Dr. William Crookes work on Home, Clark's party levitation, yogi masters, religious saints, Russian mirror chamber research, bumblebee flight as well as the Rhino Beetle.
Copyright Antigravity News and Space Drive Technology
Vol. 2, No. 1, January-February 1998, p. 4.
All Rights Reserved.
Permission is Granted to Copy, Forward, or Post with this Unaltered Notice kept intact.
The AGN Website is at: http://www.padrak.com/agn/
2013 Briefing Update
CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR ANTIGRAVITY DEVICES By James E. Cox
It is proposed that the various types of antigravity devices be categorized into the following seven groups:
I. MECHANICAL ANTIGRAVITY DEVICES:
These are purely mechanical devices generally involving high speed rotation and forced precessional features using different materials in some cases. Example members are from Laithwaite, Wallace, Kidd, McCabe, Stratchen, Delroy, Foster, Dean, Forward, dePalma, Hayasaka and Cowlishaw.
II. ACCOUSTICAL ANTIGRAVITY DEVICES:
These devices have no moving parts but employ vibration to alter nuclear interactions with gravity such as the work of Keely, Tibetan's stone levitation, Leedskelstein, and some inventors of acoustical levitation devices.
III. CHARGED STATIC/ROTATING DISC/CONES ANTIGRAVITY:
These are electrostatic/magnetic devices using stationary electrodes at high voltage such as T.T. Brown/Bielfeld and Bahnson, Naudin, Hartman, Nipher, Pages, Kelly, Rieken as well as rotating components such as Searl, Hammel, Davidson, Saxl, Halik, Schauberger, Carr, Hooper, Huaro, Smith and Vril/Schumann.
IV. AC/RF OR MICROWAVE ELECTROMAGNETIC ANTIGRAVITY DEVICES:
In this group are devices with no moving parts having high frequency electromagnetic fields such as Alzofon, Tesla, Littlejohn, Sweet, Nielson, Seike, Hutchinson, Farrow, Bielek, Zinsser, Peshka, Schlecker, and Smith, etc.
V. SOLID STATE ANTIGRAVITY DEVICES:
These devices have their seat of antigravitic/shielding action within the atomic/lattice structure in both steady-state and transient modes such as the BaICuO superconductors used in the Podkletnov and Schnurer devices, (and those who have replicated their effects) as well as excitons in doped crystals.
VI. NUCLEAR ANTIGRAVITATION:
This entails the alteration of the interactions with the nucleus or its modification, to yield a change in weight or generation of gravity beams, or breakdown of Newton's third law such as in the work of Bearden, Wallace, Dan Fry, Gilber Jordan, extraterrestrial spacecraft (Lazar's element 115), Celtan, white powder (monoatomic elements), Dr. Charles Brush, and possibly cold fusion with ZPE interaction.
t
VII. BIOLOGICAL ANTIGRAVITY DEVICES:
These involve the human or animal element to obtain levitation, or weightless, psychokinetic action or inertia modification as in the Dr. William Crookes work on Home, Clark's party levitation, yogi masters, religious saints, Russian mirror chamber research, bumblebee flight as well as the Rhino Beetle.
Copyright Antigravity News and Space Drive Technology
Vol. 2, No. 1, January-February 1998, p. 4.
All Rights Reserved.
Permission is Granted to Copy, Forward, or Post with this Unaltered Notice kept intact.
The AGN Website is at: http://www.padrak.com/agn/
international workshop accelerator based neutron sources for medical industrial and scientific applications torino eurosea international workshop accelerator based neutron sources for medical industrial and scientific applications torino eurosea
This document has the physics most important topics type wisew and chapterwise .
the document has been created by physics guru ANURAG SIR .
AFTER DOING THESE TOPICS , A STUDENT CAN SCORE MORE TAHN 90 % ONLY IN ONE MONTH IN PHYSICS BOARD EXAM .
The presentation file on workshop on Neutron and X-ray Characterisation on Caloric Materials, introduction to neutron scattering experiment with triple axis spectrometer for material scientist
APS March Meeting - Superconducting qubit devices: fabrication suiteKokWaiChan2
Scalable quantum computing architecture and fabrication processes have been a hot research topic in the past decade. We focus on the realization of a quantum computer based on superconducting qubits with a fast qubit reset and initialization techniques, utilizing a quantum-circuit refrigerator [1]. We present the fabricated devices and results achieved to date, which includes resonators with high quality factors, > 1e6, long qubit lifetime > 0.02 ms and 3D integration techniques such as airbridges.
Application of X-ray plasma diagnostics to nova windsAstroAtom
Talk presented by Jan-Uwe Ness (XMM-Newton Science Operations Centre) at the symposium "From atoms to stars: the impact of spectroscopy on astrophysics", Oxford, UK, 28-28 July 2011.
Tesi Adriano Arcadipane: controllo attivo di un missileAdriano_A
This work is a summary of my master's degree thesis in aerospace engineering from Università degli Studi di Palermo (Italy).
Rockets spin about their longitudinal axis due to imperfect alignments in construction. This behavior could be a problem for telemetric systems or when guidance control on the other two axes are used.
In my thesis I designed, made and tested an automatic control system to negate the angular roll speed of a model rocket.
The system uses two control fins (aerodynamic control) moved by a flight computer equipped with a 3DOF gyroscope, an accelerometer and an atmospheric pressure sensor. I entirely scratch built this flight computer: designing the electronics, creating custom printed circuit boards and programming in C language. The code contain also two digital Kalman filters which compute an optimal estimation of the state-space from sensor data.
To design the digital controller and to predict the dynamic behavior of the entire rocket I implemented in Matlab / Simulink a 6 degree of freedom mathematical model. All aerodynamic parameters where estimated with real test flight data or with McDonnell Douglas Digital DATCOM Fortran code (a program which uses semi-empirical methods).
I also designed and built the solid rocket motor from a commercial combustion chamber, machinging a custom exhaust nozzle.
international workshop accelerator based neutron sources for medical industrial and scientific applications torino eurosea international workshop accelerator based neutron sources for medical industrial and scientific applications torino eurosea
This document has the physics most important topics type wisew and chapterwise .
the document has been created by physics guru ANURAG SIR .
AFTER DOING THESE TOPICS , A STUDENT CAN SCORE MORE TAHN 90 % ONLY IN ONE MONTH IN PHYSICS BOARD EXAM .
The presentation file on workshop on Neutron and X-ray Characterisation on Caloric Materials, introduction to neutron scattering experiment with triple axis spectrometer for material scientist
APS March Meeting - Superconducting qubit devices: fabrication suiteKokWaiChan2
Scalable quantum computing architecture and fabrication processes have been a hot research topic in the past decade. We focus on the realization of a quantum computer based on superconducting qubits with a fast qubit reset and initialization techniques, utilizing a quantum-circuit refrigerator [1]. We present the fabricated devices and results achieved to date, which includes resonators with high quality factors, > 1e6, long qubit lifetime > 0.02 ms and 3D integration techniques such as airbridges.
Application of X-ray plasma diagnostics to nova windsAstroAtom
Talk presented by Jan-Uwe Ness (XMM-Newton Science Operations Centre) at the symposium "From atoms to stars: the impact of spectroscopy on astrophysics", Oxford, UK, 28-28 July 2011.
Tesi Adriano Arcadipane: controllo attivo di un missileAdriano_A
This work is a summary of my master's degree thesis in aerospace engineering from Università degli Studi di Palermo (Italy).
Rockets spin about their longitudinal axis due to imperfect alignments in construction. This behavior could be a problem for telemetric systems or when guidance control on the other two axes are used.
In my thesis I designed, made and tested an automatic control system to negate the angular roll speed of a model rocket.
The system uses two control fins (aerodynamic control) moved by a flight computer equipped with a 3DOF gyroscope, an accelerometer and an atmospheric pressure sensor. I entirely scratch built this flight computer: designing the electronics, creating custom printed circuit boards and programming in C language. The code contain also two digital Kalman filters which compute an optimal estimation of the state-space from sensor data.
To design the digital controller and to predict the dynamic behavior of the entire rocket I implemented in Matlab / Simulink a 6 degree of freedom mathematical model. All aerodynamic parameters where estimated with real test flight data or with McDonnell Douglas Digital DATCOM Fortran code (a program which uses semi-empirical methods).
I also designed and built the solid rocket motor from a commercial combustion chamber, machinging a custom exhaust nozzle.
That´s precise, the probability of the alignment by far less than 1%, nothing is random, is just information well spread strong attached by FORCE that creates the path of the foam multiverse
The illustration explain the process, the given Standard Model of fundamental particles interaction and fields give more details
Any question just let me know
Standard Model of “Fundamental Particles, Interactions & Fields”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8arx4ljbpQ
Antimatter is the extension of the concept of the antiparticle to matter.
Antimatter is composed of antiparticle, i.e. particles with identical mass and spin as those of ordinary particles, but with opposite charge and magnetic properties.
TEDx Manchester: AI & The Future of WorkVolker Hirsch
TEDx Manchester talk on artificial intelligence (AI) and how the ascent of AI and robotics impacts our future work environments.
The video of the talk is now also available here: https://youtu.be/dRw4d2Si8LA
Paul welander cryogenic rf characterization of sc materials at slac with cu...thinfilmsworkshop
A second-generation, X-band cryostat has been developed for the characterization of superconducting materials at low temperatures and high powers. The system utilizes two interchangeable hemisperhical cavities that can accommodate 50 mm-diameter samples on the flat surface. Both operate in a TE013-like mode where the magnetic field is strongest on the sample surface, which accounts for about 1/3 of the total cavity loss. The first cavity is a medium-Q copper one, and is utilized for measuring the sample’s critical temperature and magnetic quenching field. The second is a high-Q niobium-coated cavity that is employed for measuring surface resistance in the low-temperature, low-power limit. We will discuss cryostat design, measurement limits, and testing of samples grown both at SLAC and elsewhere.
Particle physics is now at the threshold of great discoveries. The experiments with particle accelerators and observations of the cosmos have focused attention on phenomena that can not be explained by the standard theory. The technology based on superconducting niobium accelerating cavities can reach a high expenditure of energy by many orders of magnitude lower than that of normal-conducting copper cavities. Even taking into account the power spent to maintain the temperature of liquid helium, the net gain in economic terms is still unassailable.
The sputtering technology was chosen first in the pure diode configuration and subsequently in the magnetron configuration. High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HIPIMS) is an evolution of the magnetron technique which relies on 100μs high voltage pulses of the order of 1 kV compared to the 300 V of the standard DC magnetron process. During the pulse a huge power density is deposited onto the target, of the order of a few kW/cm2 compared to a few W/cm2 of the standard DC process, producing a highly dense plasma in which also the Nb atoms are partially ionized. These can in turn be attracted to the substrate with a suitable bias. A further advantage of the technique lies in the fact that no hardware changes are required compared to a standard DC biased magnetron system, except for the obvious replacement of the power supply.
In this work, an R&D effort has been undertaken to study the HIPIMS, to improve it and understand the correlation between the parameters applied and the film morphology, the superconducting properties and the RF film quality.
The experiment system is based on the NEW HIGH-RATE SYSTEM for the deposition cavity 1.5 GHz. The experimental details and the measurements of the characteristics of the deposited films are described. Even though the work is still in progress, all of the partial results from now on have been analyzed and commented, in order to extrapolate all the information. The final results are a global overview of the HIPIMS techniques for Nb on 1.5Hz superconducting cavity. Suggestions for future efforts have been included as part of the conclusions.
international workshop accelerator based neutron sources for medical industrial and scientific applications torino eurosea international workshop accelerator based neutron sources for medical industrial and scientific applications torino eurosea
Tantawi - Measurements of RF properties of Novel Superconducting Materialsthinfilmsworkshop
http://www.surfacetreatments.it/thinfilms
Measurements of RF properties of Novel Superconducting Materials (Sami Tantawi - 20')
Speaker: Sami Tantawi - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory | Duration: 20 min.
Abstract
We have developed an X-band SRF testing system using a high-Q copper cavity with an interchangeable flat bottom for the testing of different materials. By measuring the Q of the cavity, the system is capable to characterize the quenching magnetic field of the superconducting samples at different power level and temperature, as well as the surface resistivity. This paper will present the most recent development of the system and testing results.
1. Antimatter Driven Sail for Deep Space ExplorationDeep ExplorationDr. Steven D. HoweDr. HoweDr. Gerald P. JacksonDr. JacksonHbar Technologies, LLCHbar LLC
2. ““Any technology being presented to
you at this workshop will need at
least one miracle in development in
order to enable an interstellar
mission” -
Dr. Steven D. Howe
Interstellar Robotics Missions for the 21 21st st Century
Workshop, JPL/Cal Tech, 1998
3.
4.
5.
6. Velocities Required for Deep
Space Missions
4.5e14
30,000
A Centauri ––
270,000 au –– 40 yrs
7.2e11
1200
Oort Cloud Cloud-
10,000 au au- 40 yrs
6.8e09
117
Kuiper Belt Belt-
250 au - 10 yrs
Energy Density
(j/kg)
Velocity
(km/s)
MISSION
7. Energy Densities
of Known Sources
90000e06
Antimatter
750e06
Fusion (100%)
71E06
Fission (100%)
15
Chemical
Specific Energy (MJ/kg)
Reaction
8.
9.
10.
11. Antimatter Sail Concept
zz Any conversion cycle to produce thrust that
uses Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium
(LET) will be heavy
zz Antiprotons will induce fission in uranium
with 100% efficiency
zz Antiproton fission produces two products,
(roughly Pd Pd-111) each with near 1 MeV/amu
zz A particle with 1MeV/amu has a velocity of
around 1.38X10 1.38X107 m/s
zz Thus, an Isp of over 1 million seconds is
possible
12. Specific Impulse
zz For a given mission and ΔΔV, an optimum
V, specific impulse exists for minimum
energy consumption
zz Vex ex= 0.6 = ΔΔVmission mission
zz Mass Massfinal final/Mass /Massinitial initial = .2
zz For ΔΔV of 117 km/s, V V Vex ex=67 km/s
=(Isp Isp=6800s)
=
13.
14. Variable Isp
zz Sail concept may have the ability to adjust
the Vex by varying the incident pbar energy
or sail material
zz Depositing the antiproton deep into the
uranium may lead to multiple atom ejection
resulting in increased thrust and reduced Isp
zz Momentum is transferred by ingoing particle
zz What is momentum from multi multi-atom burst?
zz Mechanism causing burst is not known
15. Potential Advantages
zz Extremely lightweight
zz Does not require ultra thin sail material
zz Ability to tack –– course correct
zz Ability to stop
zz Variable acceleration
zz Variable Isp
17. Missions
zz An interstellar mission is the eventual goal but is
very tough
zz Kuiper Belt in 10 years demonstrates the
architecture
zz Did not consider periapsis pumping, gravity
boosts or more complex transfers transfers- believe these
are a 10 10-20% effect, i.e. 10km/s out of 100 km/s
zz Assumed departure from 1AU orbit but beyond
Earth orbit
18.
19. Micro Payload
zz Assume a total instrument payload of 10
kg including communications
zz JPL report report- Deutsch, Salvo, & Woerner ––
10 10-50 kg by 2003
zz JPL report –– Hemmati & Lesh –– ACLAIM:
laser communications
zz Interstellar Robotics Missions for the 21 21st st
Century Workshop, 1998 1998- 10 kg
20. Sail Subsystem
zz Uranium coated carbon
zz Carbon is thick enough to stop FF
zz Examined the use of carbon only only- Isp
higher but not variable
zz Key parameter is Nat Nat- #atoms/fission
zz Diameter dictated by pellet expansion
zz Temperature dictates max pbar rate
zz Acceleration dictated by solar gravity
21. Sail Issues
zz Ejection and expansion of antihydrogen
pellet
zz Uniformity of deposition is not critical due
to carbon recoil contribution
zz Single most critical factor is Nat –– if Nat is
low then Isp is too high and mass goes up
and thrust is insufficient.
26. Antimatter Storage
zz Solid antihydrogen has energy density
zz Pbar + positron ÆÆ Hbar (Athena Athena-2002)
zz Hbar + Hbar ÆÆ H2bar bar
zz H2bar bar ÆÆ condensation ÆÆ solid pellet
zz Pellet + electrons ÆÆ pellet pelletn-
zz 10 1014 14 H2bar bar has diameter of 160 μμ
zz Pellets Pelletsn- are held in an electrostatic trap
array
27.
28.
29. Storage issues
zz Creation of solid H H2 pellet
zz Confinement of pellet in macro macro-scale
electrostatic trap
zz Containment of H H2bar in trap?
bar zz Condensation rate and confinement
zz Formation and control of pellet
zz Evaporation of pellet
30. Power
zz RTGs have 88 kg/kW
zz Voyager has 400 W and 35 kg
zz This would require 238 GJ of energy (13
mg pbars pbars) )
zz Had to develop new power source
zz Have on on-board the highest energy source
known
zz Antimatter Fission Conversion (AFC)
31. AFC
zz Utilize antiprotons extracted from storage
just as in the propulsion system
zz Impact conical receptor consisting of
uranium coated scintillator
zz Scintillator tailored to emit photons
“matched” to photo photo-voltaic (PV) cell
32. AFC
zz Wavelength of scintillator determines
conversion efficiency –– 25 eV per photon
required
zz Must operate at high temperatures
zz PV cell efficiencies and spectral response
zz Conclude CdWO4 –– high light output at
450 nm
zz Total efficiency = .044
zz Specific mass = 6.6 kg/ kw
33.
34. Power Issues
zz AFC needs Proof Proof-of of-Concept (POC)
zz Temperature dependence is crucial
zz Coupling to radiator in pulsed mode
zz Z2 dependence could strongly impact
design
zz N2 emits at 350 nm (5 ev ev): can we find a
): PV cell that works in that range? Potential
efficiency = 8 8-10 %
41. Technology roadmap
zz Power
zz Demonstrate AFC on planar disks
zz Optimize for scintillator scintillator/PV Cell coupling
/zz Evaluate temperature sensitivity
zz Evaluate hetero vs homogeneous
zz Demonstrate stand stand-alone prototype
in space environment conditions
42. Technology Roadmap
zz Antimatter Storage
zz Demonstrate storage in electrostatic trap
zz Demo storage of macro macro-particle
zz Demo accumulation of hydrogen molecules
into pellets
zz Store pellets of SH SH2 in solid state units
zz Improve formation rate of Hbar atoms
zz Demo formation of H H2bar molecules
bar
43. Technology Roadmap
zz Antimatter Production
zz Demonstrate deceleration of FNAL beam
zz Construct cooling ring at FNAL –– 5e14/yr
zz Improve current and production at FNAL FNAL-
X100 to 1000
zz Build new production machine optimized for
pbar accumulation accumulation- 1-10 mg/yr
44.
45. Phase II
zz Detailed mission profiles with g assist,
solar fly bys,
zz Full technology path development
zz Torsion experiment –– measure ΔΔp; ; ejecta
zz AFC Power cell demonstration
zz Storage –– electrostatic trap demo of pellet;
pellet formation and vaporization
46. ““Nat” is the Key
zz Two experiments in the past indicate a
range of 10,000 –– 100,000 atoms/fission
zz NOT surface fission but volumetric
zz NOT fast fission but SF
zz Ejection mechanism may depend on light
fragment/heavy fragment of normal fission
zz Real question is what is the momentum
transferred by the ejecta cloud
47.
48. Summary
zz Kuiper Belt mission in 10 years is possible with
mg quantities of antihydrogen antihydrogen- not gm to kg
zz Sail concept appears feasible IF Nat is above
1000
zz New power concept may be applicable to
intrasolar system missions within next decade
zz Pbar sail is the lowest mass/lowest energy
consuming concept yet developed
zz POCs can be performed in Phase II
zz Concept may allow interstellar mission to be
launched within next 2 decades