Electronic Brake force distribution (EBFD)Felis Goja
EBD is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicle's wheels based on road conditions, speed, loading on wheel etc.
Electronic Brake force distribution (EBFD)Felis Goja
EBD is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicle's wheels based on road conditions, speed, loading on wheel etc.
Anti-lock Braking System also known as anti-skid braking system (ABS) is an automobile safety system which prevents the locking of wheels during braking and avoid uncontrolled skidding.
1) Suspension is the term given to the
system of springs, shock absorbers and
linkages that connect a vehicle to its
wheels
3) Serve a dual purpose – contributing to the
car's handling and braking.
2) Protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or
luggage from damage and wear
It is all about Traction Control and its importance for car safety. The slide presentation will help you to know about the types of traction and the roles of traction control system to optimize the grip and stability of a car on the road while running. Traction definitely causes the friction on tire as well as in braking system of a car.
Traction control basically reduces the slip of the tires on icy surfaces when the car begins to accelerate and prevents wheels to spin. It uses a part of anti-lock braking system (ABS). There are certain indications which warn you to activate and deactivate traction control. While on snow, you should follow some warning signs and drive accordingly.
Air Suspension System is commonly use in BMW,Mercedes,Audi types luxurious types Cars for protect from damaging, increasing life of the vehicle ,increases the handling , increases comfort of passengers and many more..
So according to me if you remove the suspension system, then you feel like in bull-cart in Audi, Mercedes, BMW type luxurious cars . The only diffrence is speed.
So the scope of Suspension System is Too Bright !!!
What is an Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)?
History of ABS
Motivation for ABS Development
Principles for ABS Operation
ABS Components
Subaru Impreza ABS Application.
How does ABS work?
Anti-Lock Brake Types
ABS Configurations
Design Challenges
Advantages & Disadvantages
ABS Problems
An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety anti-skid braking system used on aircraft and on land vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks and buses. ABS operates by preventing the wheels from locking up during braking, thereby maintaining tractive contact with the road surface
Anti-lock Braking System also known as anti-skid braking system (ABS) is an automobile safety system which prevents the locking of wheels during braking and avoid uncontrolled skidding.
1) Suspension is the term given to the
system of springs, shock absorbers and
linkages that connect a vehicle to its
wheels
3) Serve a dual purpose – contributing to the
car's handling and braking.
2) Protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or
luggage from damage and wear
It is all about Traction Control and its importance for car safety. The slide presentation will help you to know about the types of traction and the roles of traction control system to optimize the grip and stability of a car on the road while running. Traction definitely causes the friction on tire as well as in braking system of a car.
Traction control basically reduces the slip of the tires on icy surfaces when the car begins to accelerate and prevents wheels to spin. It uses a part of anti-lock braking system (ABS). There are certain indications which warn you to activate and deactivate traction control. While on snow, you should follow some warning signs and drive accordingly.
Air Suspension System is commonly use in BMW,Mercedes,Audi types luxurious types Cars for protect from damaging, increasing life of the vehicle ,increases the handling , increases comfort of passengers and many more..
So according to me if you remove the suspension system, then you feel like in bull-cart in Audi, Mercedes, BMW type luxurious cars . The only diffrence is speed.
So the scope of Suspension System is Too Bright !!!
What is an Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)?
History of ABS
Motivation for ABS Development
Principles for ABS Operation
ABS Components
Subaru Impreza ABS Application.
How does ABS work?
Anti-Lock Brake Types
ABS Configurations
Design Challenges
Advantages & Disadvantages
ABS Problems
An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety anti-skid braking system used on aircraft and on land vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks and buses. ABS operates by preventing the wheels from locking up during braking, thereby maintaining tractive contact with the road surface
description of abs system. what is abs system and its types. how it came inti existance. what technology is used in anti lock braking system. how it helped in reducing accidents and saved lifes. it was widely used in automobile sector
Special Steering Columns, 4 wheel steering system, Electric Power
Steering, Anti–Lock Braking System, Traction Control Systems, Electronic Brake force Distribution
Systems, Corner Stability Control, Hill Assist, and Autonomous Braking System.
This ppt describes about the working of ABS and components, advantages and a short video clip explain clearly about the ABS. There also the be comparison for the car with ABS and without ABS in form of short GIF.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
What is an Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)?
History of ABS
Motivation for ABS Development
Overview
Principles for ABS Operation
ABS Components Overview
ABS Components
How does ABS work?
System Diagram
Anti-Lock Brake Types
Advantages & Disadvantages
ABS Problems
3. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an
automobile safety system prevent the
wheels of a vehicle locking as brake
pedal pressure is applied - often
suddenly in an emergency or short
stopping distance. This enables the
driver to have steering control,
preventing skidding and loss of
traction.
4. ABS is a safety related feature that assists the driver
in deceleration of the vehicle in poor or marginal
braking conditions (e.g., wet or icy roads).
In such conditions, panic braking by the driver (in
non-ABS-equipped cars) results in reduced braking
effectiveness and loss of directional control due to
the tendency of the wheels to lock.
In ABS-equipped cars, the wheel is prevented from
locking by a mechanism that automatically regulates
braking force to an optimum for any given low-
friction condition
5. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
• 1929 :- ABS was first developed for aircraft by the
French automobile and aircraft pioneer Gabriel
Voisin, as threshold braking on airplanes is nearly
impossible.
• 1936: German company Bosch is awarded a
patent an “Apparatus for preventing lock-braking
of wheels in a motor vehicle”.
• 1936-: Bosch and Mercedes-Benz partner - R&D
into ABS.
• 1972: WABCO partners with Mercedes-
Benz developing first ABS for trucks.
• 1978: First production-line installation of ABS into
Mercedes and BMW vehicles.
• 1981: 100,000 Bosch ABS installed.
• 1985: First ABS installed on US vehicles.
6. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
• 1986: 1M Bosch ABS installed.
• 1987: Traction control - in conjunction with
ABS – used on passenger vehicles.
• 1989: ABS hydraulic unit combined with
standard hydraulic brake unit
• 1992: 10M Bosch ABS installed.
• 1995: Electronic Stability - in conjunction with
ABS and TCS - for passenger cars.
• 1999: 50M Bosch ABS installed.
• 2000: 6 of 10 new cars on the road are
ABS
equipped.
• 2003: 100M Bosch ABS installed.
• Nowadays:- Almost all new cars have ABS.
7. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
• Under hard braking, an ideal braking system
should:
Provide the shortest stopping distances
on all surfaces
Maintain vehicle stability and steer ability.
8. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
When the brake pedal is depressed during driving, the
wheel speed decreases and the vehicle speed does as
well. The decrease in the vehicle speed, however, is
not always proportional to the decrease in the wheel
speed. The non-correspondence between the wheel
speed and vehicle speed is called “slip” and the
magnitude of the slip is expressed by the “slip ratio”
which is defined as follows:
Slip ratio = (Vehicle speed – Wheel speed)/Vehicle speed × 100%
When the slip ratio is 0%, the vehicle speed corresponds
exactly to the wheel speed. When it is 100%, the
wheels are completely locking (rotating at a zero
speed) while the vehicle is moving.
See Fig 2.
10. •The best braking
action occurs at
between 10-20%.
•If vehicle speed and
wheel speed is the
same wheel slippage
is 0%
•A lock-up wheel will
have a wheel slippage
of 100%
(A) Slip ratio
(B) Coefficient of friction between tire
and road surface
(1) Icy road
(2) Asphalt-paved road
(3) Control range by ABS
11.
12.
13.
14.
15. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
2 shows the relationship between• Figure
braking
shown that values
co-efficient and wheel slip. It is
for
stopping/traction
higher than
the slide
force are
the slide
proportionately
values for
cornering/steering force. A locked-up wheel
provides low road handling force and minimal
steering force.
18. (1)ABS control module and
hydraulic control unit (ABSCM &
H/U).
(2) Two-way connector.
(3) Diagnosis connector.
(4) ABS warning light.
(5) Data link connector (for
SUBARU select monitor).
(6)Transmission controlmodule
(AT models only).
(7) Tone wheels.
(8) ABS wheel speed sensor.
(9) Wheel cylinder.
(10) G sensor.
(11) Stop light switch.
(12) Master cylinder.
(13) Brake & EBD warning light.
(14) Lateral G sensor (STi).
19. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
• ABS brake system are
–Integrated
• An integrated system has the master
cylinder and control valve assembly
made together.
–Nonintegrated
• A nonintegrated has the master
cylinder and control valve assembly
made separate.
20. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
• ABS systems consist of 4 primary
components:
1ABS Controller; the brains of the
system. ABS Controllers are a computer
that reads the inputs and then controls the
system to keep the wheels from locking up
and skidding.
2ABS Speed Sensors; there are generally
one on each wheel (sometimes they are
located on the differential).
It detects a change in acceleration in the
longitudinal direction of the vehicle and
outputs it to the ABSCM as a voltage signal.
21. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
3ABS Modulator/Valves; some system
have separate valves for each wheel with a
modulator to control them. Other systems
they are combined. In either case they
work with the controller and the pump to
add or release pressure from the individual
wheels brakes to control the braking.
4ABS Pumps; since the ABS
modulator/valves can release pressure from
the individual wheels brakes there needs to
be a way to restore the pressure when
required. That is what the ABS pumps job
is. When the pump is cycling, the driver
may experience a slight pedal vibration.
This cycling is happening many times per
second and this slight vibration is natural.
23. We will discuss how one of the simpler system works.
Sensors at each of the four wheels sense the rotation of the wheel.
Too much brake application wheel stop rotating
Sensors ECU releases brake line pressure wheel turns
again.
then ECU applies pressure again stops the rotation of the wheel
releases it again and so on
NB:
This releasing and re-application or pulsing of brake pressure
happens 20-30 times per second or more.
This keeps the wheel just at the limit before locking up and
skidding no matter
ABS system can maintain extremely high static pressure and must be
disabled before attempting repairs.
24. During pressure increase
mode of operation fluid is
allowed to flow through
both solenoids to the brake
caliper
Solenoid 1
Pressure increase
Solenoid 2
Pressure decrease/Vent
solenoid
Brake line under pressure
Brake fluid line not under pressure
25. Solenoid 1
Pressure increase
During Pressure Hold
mode of operation both
solenoids are closed and
no additional fluid is
allowed to flow to brake
calipers.
Solenoid 2
Pressure decrease/Vent
26. During Pressure Vent mode
the pressure increase solenoid
is closed. The Vent solenoid
opens allowing fluid to vent
into an accumulator chamber
Solenoid 1
Pressure increase
Solenoid 2
Pressure decrease/Vent
29. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
• Advantages:
1. It allows the driver to maintain directional stability
and control over steering during braking
2. Safe and effective
3. Automatically changes the brake fluid pressure at
each wheel to maintain optimum brake performance.
4. ABS absorbs the unwanted turbulence shock waves
and modulates the pulses thus permitting the wheel
to continue turning under maximum braking pressure
30. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
• Disadvantages
1. Stop Times - Anti-lock brakes are made
to provide for surer braking in slippery
conditions. However, some drivers
report that they find the stopping
distances for regular conditions are
lengthened by their ABS system, either
because there may be errors in the
system, or because noise of the ABS
may contribute to the driver not braking
at the same rate.
1. Delicate Systems - It's easy to cause a
problem in an ABS system by messing
with the brakes. Problems
disorientation of the ABS
around
include
system, where a compensating brake
sensor causes the vehicle to shudder,
make loud noise or generally brake
worse.
31. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
3. Cost - An ABS can be expensive
to maintain. Expensive sensors on
each wheel can cost hundreds of
dollars to fix if they get out of
calibration or develop other
problems. For some, this is a big
reason to decline an ABS in a
vehicle.
4. System damage - A variety of
factors can cause the system to
be less effective, and can present
with everything from shuddering of
the vehicle to loud noises while
trying to stop
32. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
Problems withABS
The sensors on the wheels
contaminated by metallic dust.
might get
When this
condition occurs the sensors become less
efficient in picking up problems. In modern
ABS systems, two more sensors are added
to help:
wheel angle sensor,
gyroscopic sensor
33. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
The idea
gyroscopic
behind this is that
sensor detects that
when the
the car’s
direction is not the same as what the wheel
sensor reports, the ABS software will cut in to
brake the necessary wheel in order to help
the car go the direction the driver intends.
34. Anti-lockBrakingSystem
Statistics show that approximately 40 % of automobile
accidents are due to skidding.
Skidding , vehicle instability, steer inability and long
distance stopping, These problems commonly occur
on vehicle with conventional brake system which can
be avoided by adding devices calledABS.
If there is an ABS failure, the system will revert to
normal brake operation. Normally the ABS warning
light will turn on and let the driver know there is a fault.