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ANTICARCINOGENIC 
PROPERTIES OF 
PROBIOTICS 
Debika Roy 
Department of Dairy Microbiology 
Faculty of Dairy Technology 
WBUAFS
UNDERSTANDING THE 
DEFINITIONS 
 Prebiotic - (greek - before life) a substance 
(usually an oligosaccharide) that cannot be 
digested but does promote the growth of 
beneficial bacteria or probiotics. 
 Probiotic - (for life) a substance that 
contains microorganisms or bacteria that 
are beneficial to the host organism. 
 Symbiotic - (plus life) a substance 
containing both a prebiotic and probiotic.
WHAT ARE PROBIOTICS 
Probiotic organisms are live 
microorganisms thought to be beneficial to 
the host organism. According to the 
currently adopted definition by 
FAO/WHO, probiotics are: "Live 
microorganisms which when administered 
in adequate amounts confer a health 
benefit on the host". Lactic acid bacteria 
(LAB) and bifidobacteria are the most 
common types of microbes used as 
probiotics; but certain yeasts and bacilli 
may also be used.
PROBIOTICS 
 ProbiMoticIs CcoRnsiOst OspeRcifiGc mAicNrobIiaSl cMultuSres and/ or 
ingredients that stimulate gut micro flora capable of 
modifying the gastrointestinal environment which 
keeps the host healthy 
• Lactic acid producing bacteria 
 Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium 
• Yeast 
• Others 
 Commercially available products may contain pure and 
combined cultures of: 
• Lactobacillus 
• Bifidobacterium 
• Streptococcus 
• Pedicococcus 
• Aspergillus 
• Bacillus
PROBIOTICS HEALTH 
BENEFITS 
Elimination of lactose 
intolerance 
Anti-diarrheal 
Immunomodulatory 
Antidiabetic 
Anticarcinogenic 
Hypocholesterolemic 
Antihypertensive
PROBIOTICS AND CANCER 
 Colorectal cancer represents a major public 
health problem accounting for over 1 million 
cases and about half a million deaths worldwide . 
Survival from colon cancer at 5 years has been 
found to vary demographically and estimated to 
be 65% in North America, 54% in Western 
Europe, 34% in Eastern Europe, and 30% in 
India. 
 Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy have 
been applied as the surgical adjuvant treatments 
of colon cancer, they vary in success rates for 
local recurrence, disease-free survival, and 
overall survival . In addition, these treatments 
may present some side effects such as an 
increased risk for infections, hair loss, fatigue, 
vomiting, diarrhea, and bloody stools.
PROBIOTICS AND CANCER 
 Diet interventions and natural bioactive 
supplements have now been extensively studied 
to reduce the risks of colon cancer, as a cause of 
prevention instead of cure. Postulated 
mechanisms include reduction in the activity of 
several cancer causing bacteria, desmutagenic 
and anticarcinogenic properties. 
 Prebiotics, being indigestible, have been 
associated with improved bowel functions and 
metabolisms of the distal colon, including a 
reduced risk of colon cancer.
PROBIOTICS AND CANCER 
 Enzymes (Glycosidase, B- glucuronidase , 
azoreductase , and nitroreductase ) of the intestinal 
flora convert the precarcinogens to active 
carcinogens 
 Probiotics reduce: 
 Faecal concentrations of enzymes 
 Secondary bile salts 
 Reduce absorption of harmful mutagens that may 
contribute to colon carcinogenesis.
SOME PROPOSED MECHANISMS 
 Several mechanisms have been proposed as to how 
lactic acid bacteria may inhibit colon cancer: 
 Enhancing the host’s immune response 
 Altering the metabolic activity of the intestinal 
microflora 
 Binding and degrading carcinogens 
 Producing antimutagenic compounds 
 Altering the physiochemical conditions in the colon
RREESSEEAARRCCHH OONN CCAANNCCEERR 
STILL EXPERIMENTAL 
The strongest evidence for 
the anti-cancer effects of 
probiotics comes from animal 
studies; evidence from human 
studies (epidemiology and 
experimental) is still limited. 
An important goal for the 
future should be carefully 
designed human clinical 
trials to corroborate the 
wealth of experimental 
studies.
Anticarcinogenic properties  of probiotics

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Anticarcinogenic properties of probiotics

  • 1. ANTICARCINOGENIC PROPERTIES OF PROBIOTICS Debika Roy Department of Dairy Microbiology Faculty of Dairy Technology WBUAFS
  • 2. UNDERSTANDING THE DEFINITIONS  Prebiotic - (greek - before life) a substance (usually an oligosaccharide) that cannot be digested but does promote the growth of beneficial bacteria or probiotics.  Probiotic - (for life) a substance that contains microorganisms or bacteria that are beneficial to the host organism.  Symbiotic - (plus life) a substance containing both a prebiotic and probiotic.
  • 3. WHAT ARE PROBIOTICS Probiotic organisms are live microorganisms thought to be beneficial to the host organism. According to the currently adopted definition by FAO/WHO, probiotics are: "Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host". Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are the most common types of microbes used as probiotics; but certain yeasts and bacilli may also be used.
  • 4. PROBIOTICS  ProbiMoticIs CcoRnsiOst OspeRcifiGc mAicNrobIiaSl cMultuSres and/ or ingredients that stimulate gut micro flora capable of modifying the gastrointestinal environment which keeps the host healthy • Lactic acid producing bacteria  Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium • Yeast • Others  Commercially available products may contain pure and combined cultures of: • Lactobacillus • Bifidobacterium • Streptococcus • Pedicococcus • Aspergillus • Bacillus
  • 5. PROBIOTICS HEALTH BENEFITS Elimination of lactose intolerance Anti-diarrheal Immunomodulatory Antidiabetic Anticarcinogenic Hypocholesterolemic Antihypertensive
  • 6. PROBIOTICS AND CANCER  Colorectal cancer represents a major public health problem accounting for over 1 million cases and about half a million deaths worldwide . Survival from colon cancer at 5 years has been found to vary demographically and estimated to be 65% in North America, 54% in Western Europe, 34% in Eastern Europe, and 30% in India.  Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been applied as the surgical adjuvant treatments of colon cancer, they vary in success rates for local recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival . In addition, these treatments may present some side effects such as an increased risk for infections, hair loss, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea, and bloody stools.
  • 7. PROBIOTICS AND CANCER  Diet interventions and natural bioactive supplements have now been extensively studied to reduce the risks of colon cancer, as a cause of prevention instead of cure. Postulated mechanisms include reduction in the activity of several cancer causing bacteria, desmutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties.  Prebiotics, being indigestible, have been associated with improved bowel functions and metabolisms of the distal colon, including a reduced risk of colon cancer.
  • 8. PROBIOTICS AND CANCER  Enzymes (Glycosidase, B- glucuronidase , azoreductase , and nitroreductase ) of the intestinal flora convert the precarcinogens to active carcinogens  Probiotics reduce:  Faecal concentrations of enzymes  Secondary bile salts  Reduce absorption of harmful mutagens that may contribute to colon carcinogenesis.
  • 9. SOME PROPOSED MECHANISMS  Several mechanisms have been proposed as to how lactic acid bacteria may inhibit colon cancer:  Enhancing the host’s immune response  Altering the metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora  Binding and degrading carcinogens  Producing antimutagenic compounds  Altering the physiochemical conditions in the colon
  • 10. RREESSEEAARRCCHH OONN CCAANNCCEERR STILL EXPERIMENTAL The strongest evidence for the anti-cancer effects of probiotics comes from animal studies; evidence from human studies (epidemiology and experimental) is still limited. An important goal for the future should be carefully designed human clinical trials to corroborate the wealth of experimental studies.