Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys
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The document summarizes research into the anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys. It was found that using a positive tool polarity resulted in virtually no material removal for Ti and Ti6Al4V alloys, but not for γ-TiAl alloy. For positive polarity, a thick continuous layer of TiC formed on the surface, inhibiting material removal. In contrast, with negative polarity, the TiC layer was thinner and intermittent and higher energy density allowed for greater removal rates. The source of carbon for TiC formation was found to be the hydrocarbon oil working fluid rather than the graphite electrode.
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The document discusses using thermal analysis to improve the quality of ductile iron castings by reducing shrinkage defects. It presents the results of an experiment where cooling curves were recorded for ductile iron castings with different section thicknesses. Nine castings were produced with variations in chemical composition, inoculation amount, and pouring temperature. The cooling curves were analyzed to understand the solidification behavior and identify conditions that led to shrinkage. The results showed that thermal analysis is effective for controlling melt quality in ductile iron and avoiding shrinkage, with nil undercooling indicating sufficient inoculation for a given composition and thickness.
Ultrasonic Treatment to Molten FEM©™ Aluminum Alloy and Effects of Ultrasound...
Ultrasonic Treatment to Molten FEM©™ Aluminum Alloy and Effects of Ultrasound...editor1knowledgecuddle
Today, in the industry of aluminum, the D. C. casting of billets and slabs is playing the major role. The producers of these slabs and billets are many. The end users of the product are OEMs. The degassing technology for producing these aluminum slabs and billets is provided by very few. There are two types of degassing methods currently in use. One of these, vacuum degassing, is used primarily in the steel industry and thus not generally used in the aluminum industry. The second method, generally employed in the aluminum industry, is rotary degassing, which uses finely dispersed argon, chlorine, fluorine to remove dissolved hydrogen and various salts from melt. The challenges associated with producing aluminum are reducing porosity due to hydrogen precipitation during casting through degassing processes; which generates detrimental effects on mechanical properties of alloy castings and removing impurities like; the Ca, Mg salts etc. from the molten metal. Looking at the degassing systems provided by these players, are going to be obsolete as the environment norms will become stricter in the next decade, because of the use of Fluorine and Chlorine for removing the Ca, Mg, etc. impurities from the molten metal as the ozone layer is getting depleted and process becomes more cumbersome and hazardous. So, the innovation in the technology is needed; which leads research interest on development of the ultrasonic degassing as a better option. During this research authors would be using ultrasonic technology over existing technology to compare the results of conventional degasser units available in the market such as LARSTM, SNIFTM, STASTM - ACDTM, AlpurTM, MDUTM etc., and would be finding out the better operating parameters of ultrasonic equipment for the process for replacement of Fluorine and Chlorine based old technology with Ultrasonic Technology. This research paper should underpin improvement in the process and hence improved hardness of material by elimination of the fluorine and chlorine usage by replacing it with ultrasonic technology with suitable mechanical design, metallurgical criteria and thermal analysis consideration. During the entire research and development authors had carried out various operations like Research on thermal and metallurgical behavior of the molten metal and alloys, Comparison of results achieved using ultrasonic technique over existing technique, Formulation of conclusion; making ultrasonic technique a proven technology, and Identifying the further scope of research and development. With the experiments carried out, authors found significant improvement in hardness of the material produced by ultrasonic degassing as compared with the hardness of material produced by conventional degassing.1998 Ita Conference Presentation
The 14th Annual International Titanium Conference will be held October 4-8, 1998 in Monaco. This year features a new format with both general sessions and workshops running simultaneously. Topics include titanium melting, casting, welding, and applications in aerospace, medical, and more. Sample workshop sessions on October 6-7 will discuss near net titanium extrusions, titanium springs, and titanium matrix composites. The conference provides information on titanium applications and networking opportunities for attendees.
Friction stir welding
friction stir welding is a joining process that has exhibited many advantages over traditional welding process including greatly reducing distortion and eliminating solidification. In this process welding using fiction as the major resource, due to the frictional heating & Mechanical deformation
C0412027031
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
An Analysis of Machining on Titanium Alloy (TI6AL4V) with WEDM
This document summarizes research on machining the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V using wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). It provides background on the WEDM process and challenges in machining titanium alloys. The literature review summarizes previous research investigating the effects of various WEDM parameters like pulse on/off time, voltage, and wire feed on output measures like material removal rate and surface roughness when machining titanium and other difficult-to-machine alloys. It concludes that more research is still needed to optimize the WEDM process for pure titanium and to better understand issues like recast layer formation and hybrid machining approaches.
Investigation of mechanical properties and surface roughness properties on el...
the above paper is on investigation of mechanical properties and surface roughness properties on electroplated FDM parts
ATIG welding.pptx
Analysis of the effect of addition of silicon carbide to titanium dioxide fluxes in the A-TIG welding of 304 and 316L stainless steels.
Textured Cutting Tools
The document discusses using electrical discharge machining (EDM) to texture cutting tool surfaces in order to enhance lubrication and reduce cutting forces. Experiments showed that EDM-textured cutting tools reduced feed and cutting forces by 15-40% compared to untreated tools. The texture geometry, particularly its skewness and kurtosis, influenced the extent of force reduction. Areal textures covering a large portion of the rake face performed better than linear textures. Texturing is most effective at low cutting speeds and fine feeds, and provides particularly high force reductions in intermittent cutting.
Explosion welding
One of the welding processes that used in Engineering field is the explosion welding. There are several types of welding processes similar to this, but explosion welding has its unique features.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
Ijciet 08 04_223
This document discusses an experimental study that evaluated the electro-mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum/copper bimetallic lap joints. Aluminum and copper plates were joined using friction stir welding and their mechanical and electrical properties were tested by varying parameters like rotational speed, welding speed, and tool tilting angle. Eight experiments were conducted according to a design matrix and the resulting joints were tested for tensile shear strength. The maximum tensile shear strength obtained was 70 MPa. Hardness was found to be uniform throughout the joints and electrical resistance was negligible under manufacturing conditions.
A review paper on friction stir welding process parameters
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) was invented by Wayne Thomas at TWI (The Welding Institute), and the first patent
applications were filed in the UK in December 1991. Initially, the process was regarded as a “laboratory” curiosity, but it soon
became clear that FSW offers numerous benefits in the fabrication of aluminum products. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has
become a major joining process in the aerospace, railway and ship building industries especially in the fabrication of aluminum
alloys. The process uses a spinning non-consumable tool to generate frictional heat in the work piece. Worldwide, there are now
over 135 licensees of FSW and new techniques and applications are being developed daily. This paper looks at the review, on
friction stir welding process, various welding variables like tool rotation, transverse speed, tool tilt, plunge depth and tool design,
for the welding of aluminum alloys or various dissimilar alloys. Applications, future aspects, and several key problems are also
described.
IRJET- To Study the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy AA-6061 Welded us...
This document summarizes research on studying the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy AA-6061 welded using TIG welding at different welding currents. The researchers investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA-6061 welded joints at various currents. They found that a welding current of 75A produced welds with the best microstructure and mechanical properties compared to currents of 70A and 80A. Other studies discussed examined the effects of welding parameters like speed, material thickness, and welding technique on the strength and microstructure of aluminum alloy welds.
Muravin physical principals of acoustic emission
The document summarizes a seminar on fundamentals of acoustic emission testing. It discusses the history of acoustic emission including early observations and experiments. It describes the physical principles of acoustic emission including source mechanisms, wave types, and factors affecting acoustic emission in metals. The seminar outline is provided covering topics on acoustic emission history, principles, applications, and standards.
Optimization of Process Parameters on Tig Welding to Enhance Mechanical Prope...
Tungsten Inert Gas TIG welding is widely used for weld the thin metal. Alloying metal is also welded by this process. Appearance and quality TIG weld is very superior as compare to other welding process. Melting the work piece and filler rod result in formation of smoke and gases. Helium and Argon are non reactive gases by this property it is used as a shielding gas. Most commonly mixture of Argon and Helium are favored to use for enhanced welding quality because they do not react with each other .Argon and Helium gases protect the welding area from outer environment and helps to maintain a stable arc due to low ionization potential. Aluminum is light in weight and for excellent performance it is used in aerospace industry, aviation, marine industry, automobile, defence and others. TIG welding parameters such as welding current, gas flow rate and welding voltage are taken into account which influences the tensile strength, Hardness and Toughness of aluminum weld joint. Welding parameters are controlled with electronic control units. AC power supply is prefer to used for aluminium as compare to DC power supply because of its low melting point aluminium melt at low temperature Ravinder Kumar | Dr. Dinesh Kumar ""Optimization of Process Parameters on Tig Welding to Enhance Mechanical Properties of AA-6351 T6 Alloy"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23831.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23831/optimization-of-process-parameters-on-tig-welding-to-enhance-mechanical-properties-of-aa-6351-t6-alloy/ravinder-kumar
Notes on anodization of Ti6Al4V
Notes on anodization process of Ti6Al4V. Its effect on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
A Review: Parametric effect on mechanical properties and weld bead geometry o...
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is high quality and high precision welding process which are
suitable for welding thin metals. Inert gas as helium and argon are used as a shielding gas to prevent the weld
bead from air, dust and other contaminations in welding. There are so many welding process parameter affect
the weld quality in GTAW. Important process parameter which mainly affect the weld quality are welding
current, arc voltage, welding speed, gas flow rate, heat input, gun angle, stand of distance and specimen
thickness. Important quality parameters in GTAW process are depth of penetration and weld bead geometry.
Depth of penetration and weld bead width both are affected by welding speed. As welding speed increases,
depth of penetration increases but weld bead width decreases. The weld joint quality can be assessed in terms of
weld bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion. Post weld heat treatment is done to improve the
weld quality by solutioning and aging which results in refinement of grain size and thus, mechanical properties
of weld joint improved. Heat input effects the filler rod deposition rate in the form of droplets in weld bead. This
paper covers review of process parameters of GTAW and their effect on weld quality.
Publications and Presentations - Andrew Bloyce
Andrew Bloyce has published extensively in the field of surface engineering and materials science. This document lists 57 of his publications, including 35 journal articles, 10 conference papers, and articles in 4 books. His research focuses on using techniques like laser treatment, plasma nitriding, and physical vapor deposition coatings to modify and improve the surface properties of metals like tool steels, titanium alloys, and aluminum bronzes. The goal is to enhance properties like wear resistance, hardness, and tribological performance for applications in materials processing and manufacturing components.
TI ALLOYS.docx
This document discusses gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) of pure titanium. It provides background on titanium alloys and their applications. An experiment is described where pure titanium plates were welded using GTAW. Tensile, flexural, and microhardness tests were performed on the welded samples. The microstructure and SEM images of the base metal and welded regions were also analyzed. The results showed that the tensile and flexural strengths and microhardness values of the GTA welded samples were higher than samples welded without shielding gas. Oxide structures and splashes of molten metal were observed in the microstructure and SEM images of the welded zones.
Experimental and Finite Element Analysis of Single-V Groove Butt Weld on Weld...
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process (GTAW) is widely used in fabrication of Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy material when precision is considered as a prime importance. Deformations in the object undergoing welding are one of the foremost problems encountered in the welding industry. Thus it is often required to study the factors which affect the deformations produced during welding to avoid errors in the geometry. Present investigation highlights Experimental and Finite Element Analysis of a Single-V Groove Butt Weld on Weld Pool Geometry of Aluminium Alloy Plate under Different Joint Parameters.Finite Element Method (FEM) has been employed to do the transient thermal and structural analysis of the assembly. The Finite Element Analysis has been done on ANSYS 14.5 Workbench. Number of factors is liable to produce effects in the job during the welding operation. Aim of this paper is the effect of welding parameters like as welding current, shielding gas flow rate and welding speed with mechanical Properties like tensile strength and hardness. After that finite element analysis for temperature distribution and distribution of the stresses in the welded Aluminium alloy plate. The results show that the larger the Welding current and smaller welding speed will lead to the maximum residual tensile stress. Therefore a residual stress will arise from the restraint position. The ultimate residual stress of weldment is determined by material yield strength at different temperature. The higher yield strength at different temperature has higher material residual stress. Because of its higher thermal conductivity, aluminium alloy test specimens have small temperature differential.
Similar to Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys (20)
IRJET- Quality Improvement of Ductile Iron Casting by Thermal Analysis
IRJET- Quality Improvement of Ductile Iron Casting by Thermal Analysis
Ultrasonic Treatment to Molten FEM©™ Aluminum Alloy and Effects of Ultrasound...
Ultrasonic Treatment to Molten FEM©™ Aluminum Alloy and Effects of Ultrasound...
An Analysis of Machining on Titanium Alloy (TI6AL4V) with WEDM
An Analysis of Machining on Titanium Alloy (TI6AL4V) with WEDM
Investigation of mechanical properties and surface roughness properties on el...
Investigation of mechanical properties and surface roughness properties on el...
A review paper on friction stir welding process parameters
A review paper on friction stir welding process parameters
IRJET- To Study the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy AA-6061 Welded us...
IRJET- To Study the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy AA-6061 Welded us...
Optimization of Process Parameters on Tig Welding to Enhance Mechanical Prope...
Optimization of Process Parameters on Tig Welding to Enhance Mechanical Prope...
A Review: Parametric effect on mechanical properties and weld bead geometry o...
A Review: Parametric effect on mechanical properties and weld bead geometry o...
Experimental and Finite Element Analysis of Single-V Groove Butt Weld on Weld...
Experimental and Finite Element Analysis of Single-V Groove Butt Weld on Weld...
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Coherent coolant jets for grinding
This document summarizes a study on developing high-coherence coolant jets for focused fluid delivery in grinding applications. The researchers developed a flow laminarization device using a tube bundle and hydraulic flip nozzle that enables extremely coherent coolant jets using simple cylindrical nozzles. Tests showed these jets outperformed conventional Rouse nozzles, maintaining coherence over longer distances of up to 45 cm. Grinding experiments also demonstrated nozzle performance was comparable up to 30 cm but the developed nozzle outperformed Rouse nozzles by a factor of 6 at 45 cm. The researchers conclude the flow laminarization nozzle is well-suited for applications requiring targeted fluid delivery or standoff distances greater than 30 cm.
Tool edge honing using shear jamming abrasive media
The document describes a novel method of tool edge honing using non-Newtonian abrasive slurries containing cornstarch. The process utilizes the shear thickening behavior of the cornstarch-water mixture to dynamically jam abrasive particles against the tool edge during combined rotational and orbital motions. This leads to controlled rounding and sharpening of the tool edge. Experimental results showed the method can generate symmetric or asymmetric edges, edges with varying microgeometry, and can refurbish worn tool edges. The process mechanism was determined to be dynamic shear jamming of the abrasive particles enhanced by interaction with a rigid boundary.
Sink EDM of hydrophobic surfaces
This document summarizes research on using sink electrical discharge machining (EDM) to manipulate the surface wetting characteristics of 7075 aluminum alloy. The researchers used a two-step EDM process to create hierarchical surface textures that produced superhydrophobic surfaces with water contact angles up to 150 degrees. Surfaces machined in oil absorbed hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains, becoming more hydrophobic over time. In contrast, surfaces machined in water remained hydrophilic. This EDM method can rapidly generate hydrophobic aluminum surfaces in a single step without additional coatings or processing.
Dynamic Jamming in Dense Suspensions: Machining Applications
This document summarizes a study on using dense cornstarch suspensions for surface finishing and edge honing applications. The researchers found that the mechanism of material removal is due to dynamic jamming of the suspension under shear forces, rather than shear thickening. Dynamic jamming creates localized, transient solid-like domains that enable particle contact and stress transmission without increasing particle density. When the shear stops, the jammed domain collapses and the suspension returns to its fluid state, removing material. The researchers demonstrated the concept and showed it is influenced by translation speed, suspension composition, and interaction with rigid boundaries.
Acoustic emission signatures of electrical discharge machining
The document analyzes acoustic emission (AE) signatures during electrical discharge machining (EDM). Experiments show that AE signals primarily reflect the energy within the gas bubble formed during each EDM spark. Analysis of single discharges using high-speed imaging and force sensors reveals that the AE signal captures features corresponding to bubble expansion, multiple collapses and rebounds. Subsequent experiments show AE measurements can provide insights into process parameters like open circuit voltage, dielectric properties, electrode material and pulse duration. The AE signals have potential to increase understanding of removal mechanisms and process dynamics in EDM.
Real time evaluation of gap flushing in EDM
Application of acoustic emission for quantifying, monitoring and optimizing gap flushing in electrical discharge machining
Novel cylindrical grinding kinematic for brittle materials
The document presents a novel kinematic configuration for cylindrical grinding of brittle materials. The conventional process induces larger median cracks perpendicular to the grinding direction, reducing strength. The novel process rotates the grinding wheel so that the grinding lay is parallel to the workpiece length, inducing smaller radial cracks and increasing flexural strength by 30% in tested quartz samples. This technique could enable more productive machining of brittle components with reduced strength degradation.
Machining of sharp corners using rotating tools
The document proposes using rotating curvilinear tools shaped like Reuleaux triangles to efficiently machine polygonal shapes with sharp corners using electric discharge machining (EDM). A Reuleaux triangle can rotate inside a square while maintaining contact with the edges, machining 98.8% of the square's area. This approach improves flushing in the interelectrode gap compared to stationary circular tools, enabling higher removal rates and better surface quality. The kinematics of rotating Reuleaux triangle tools are analyzed and the concept is extended to machine regular and irregular polygons.
Slotted tools for electrical discharge drilling
The document analyzes the use of slotted tools to enhance productivity in electrical discharge drilling (EDD). Computational fluid dynamics were used to model fluid flow with different slotted tool designs. Testing showed slotted tools outperformed cylindrical and helical tools, with a tool featuring a single extended slot increasing removal rate by 300% over a cylindrical tool. The modeling provided insights into flow fields and supported the optimization of slot geometry to improve flushing effectiveness in EDD.
Abrasion Assisted Wire EDM
The document summarizes research into a hybrid wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) and grinding process called abrasion-assisted wire EDM. It presents experimental results showing that using a wire with embedded diamond abrasives can increase material removal rates by an order of magnitude compared to conventional wire EDM alone. The hybrid process also produces a machined surface with less recast layer damage. However, the abrasive wire degrades quickly. Further research is needed to develop more durable abrasive wires and implement the process on twin-wire EDM machines to improve machining of difficult materials like metal matrix composites.
Electro Erosion Edge Honing
The document discusses electro-erosion edge honing as a method for preparing cutting tool edges. It finds that the counterface material used in electro-erosion honing critically influences the resulting edge geometry, with softer materials producing honed edges and harder materials producing chamfered edges. Experimental results show that electro-erosion honed cutting tool edges last significantly longer than conventionally ground edges when dry cutting steel. The process also achieves more consistent edge geometry between tools compared to conventional honing methods.
Pneumatic Non-Contact Roughness Assessment
The document describes research into developing a pneumatic sensor for non-contact roughness assessment of moving surfaces. Issues with existing optical sensors in the presence of debris and cutting fluid are discussed. Experimental results show the sensor can distinguish between different roughness levels on stationary and rotating surfaces, and is minimally affected by cutting fluid. Future work aims to better understand jet impingement physics and apply the technique to in-process monitoring applications.
Acoustic Mapping of Discharges in EDM
The document presents a study on using acoustic emission monitoring to map electrical discharge machining (EDM) processes. Previous work on locating EDM discharges is reviewed. An experiment uses two acoustic sensors to determine discharge locations in wire and fast hole EDM based on signal arrival times and time lags. Frequency analysis and spectrograms are used to identify consistent peaks to estimate arrival times. The concept is demonstrated by estimating electrode length in fast hole EDM and workpiece height in wire EDM within 1 mm accuracy. Challenges of superposed acoustic waves are addressed using signal processing methods.
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原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys
- 1. International Academy for Production Engineering 68th CIRP General Assembly | Tokyo | August 19-25, 2018 M. Holsten, P. Koshy, A. Klink, A. Schwedt Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys
- 2. Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys M. Holsten, P. Koshy, A. Klink, A. Schwedt 68th CIRP General Assembly Tokyo, August 21, 2018 2/13 Machinability as a function of polarity A positive tool polarity is conventionally used in sink EDM for roughing operations Application of this polarity for Ti and Ti6Al4V alloys results in virtually no material removal This is however not the case for the titanium alloy Ɣ-TiAl This research explored the mechanisms behind this intriguing phenomenon
- 3. Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys M. Holsten, P. Koshy, A. Klink, A. Schwedt 68th CIRP General Assembly Tokyo, August 21, 2018 3/13 Polarity-dependent removal at different discharge durations The anomalous polarity effect was observed at all discharge durations
- 4. Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys M. Holsten, P. Koshy, A. Klink, A. Schwedt 68th CIRP General Assembly Tokyo, August 21, 2018 4/13 Effect of different pulse shapes for the Ti6Al4V alloy A significant increase in pulse energy due to a change in pulse shape from triangular to rectangular did not quite increase the removal rate for the tool positive polarity
- 5. Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys M. Holsten, P. Koshy, A. Klink, A. Schwedt 68th CIRP General Assembly Tokyo, August 21, 2018 5/13 Surface topography as a function of pulse shape and polarity For both pulse shapes, the topography corresponding to the tool positive polarity indicated no characteristic craters, but exhibited several microcracks This pointed to the likelihood of a hard/brittle material species on the work surface for the tool positive polarity
- 6. Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys M. Holsten, P. Koshy, A. Klink, A. Schwedt 68th CIRP General Assembly Tokyo, August 21, 2018 6/13 Surface hardness as a function of polarity The surface/subsurface corresponding to the tool positive polarity did indeed refer to a significant increase in hardness
- 7. Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys M. Holsten, P. Koshy, A. Klink, A. Schwedt 68th CIRP General Assembly Tokyo, August 21, 2018 7/13 Material accretion on the machined surface For the tool positive polarity, examination of the machined surface indicated the deposition of a material layer during the course of machining The growth of this layer corresponded to a decrease in both the surface roughness and the machining speed (measured in terms of the tool position versus time)
- 8. Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys M. Holsten, P. Koshy, A. Klink, A. Schwedt 68th CIRP General Assembly Tokyo, August 21, 2018 8/13 Effect of polarity on the cross-section of machined surfaces For the tool positive polarity, the machined surface indicated a thick and continuous layer, which was identified to be TiC For the tool negative polarity such a layer was relatively thin and intermittent The TiC layer, by virtue of being a thermal barrier, inhibits material removal for the tool positive polarity
- 9. Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys M. Holsten, P. Koshy, A. Klink, A. Schwedt 68th CIRP General Assembly Tokyo, August 21, 2018 9/13 Effect of polarity on energy density Single discharge experiments indicated a smaller crater diameter, but a higher workpiece material removal volume, for the tool negative polarity This indicates the TiC formation on the work surface to be less pronounced for the tool negative polarity due to the higher energy partition and the higher energy density being responsible for the removal of incipient TiC layers
- 10. Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys M. Holsten, P. Koshy, A. Klink, A. Schwedt 68th CIRP General Assembly Tokyo, August 21, 2018 10/13 Effect of polarity on acoustic emission Acoustic emission (AE) in EDM relates to the energy apportioned to the gas bubbles [ Klink et al, CIRP Annals 2016] The formation of the TiC thermal barrier under the tool positive polarity was seen to correspond to an increase in AE due to the reduction in energy transmitted through the workpiece
- 11. Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys M. Holsten, P. Koshy, A. Klink, A. Schwedt 68th CIRP General Assembly Tokyo, August 21, 2018 11/13 Effect of working fluid A comparison of the material removal rate in hydrocarbon oil and water indicated the source of carbon for TiC formation to be the oil rather than the graphite electrode
- 12. Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys M. Holsten, P. Koshy, A. Klink, A. Schwedt 68th CIRP General Assembly Tokyo, August 21, 2018 12/13 Effect of discharge duration on TiC formation for Ɣ-TiAl In the case of Ɣ-TiAl, the formation of TiC was significant only at discharge durations as high as 300 µs A higher energy input was required for TiC formation due to the thermal conductivity of Ɣ-TiAl being 1.5 to 3.0 times that of Ti6Al4V at elevated temperatures 36µs300µs
- 13. Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys M. Holsten, P. Koshy, A. Klink, A. Schwedt 68th CIRP General Assembly Tokyo, August 21, 2018 13/13 Acknowledgments More information can be found in: M. Holsten, P. Koshy, A. Klink, A. Schwedt, Anomalous influence of polarity in sink EDM of titanium alloys, CIRP Annals 67 (2018) 221-224.