ANIMAL TISSUE
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This document discusses the four main types of animal tissue: epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, connective tissue, and nervous tissue. It focuses on epithelial tissue and its types - simple epithelium, columnar epithelium, ciliated epithelium, and cuboidal epithelium. It also discusses muscular tissue types - striated muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles. In summary, it provides an overview of the four main tissue types found in animals with more detailed descriptions of epithelial and muscular tissues.
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(iii) Beneath the muscle layer is a submucosa made of connective tissue having elastic fibres, fat, blood and lymph vessels, nerve cells and fibres glands.
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(b) Middle thin layer of lamina propria of connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves and nodules of lymphatic tissue, and
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ANIMAL TISSUE.docx
On the basis of the function and occurrence ,tissues present in animal body is called animal tissue. These animal tissue is classified into the following four types:
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A. Multiple peripheral nuclei
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(ii) Below this is a muscular layer formed of smooth muscle fibres arranged in outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle fibres. Between the two layers of muscles is a network of nerve cells and nerve fibres of the autonomic nervous system, known as myenteric plexus or plexus of Auerbach.
(iii) Beneath the muscle layer is a submucosa made of connective tissue having elastic fibres, fat, blood and lymph vessels, nerve cells and fibres glands.
(iv) The innermost layer is a mucosa composed of three regions:
(a) Outer-most narrow muscularis mucosa of outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle fibres.
(b) Middle thin layer of lamina propria of connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves and nodules of lymphatic tissue, and
(c) A basement membrane supporting a layer of columnar epithelial cells which are often glandular and ciliated.
3. cardiac muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue is found only in the walls of the heart. It has a unique branching and weaving structure with overlapping regions between fibers called intercalated discs. Each cardiac muscle fiber contains one centrally located nucleus and lighter striations than skeletal muscle. Contractions are rhythmic and involuntary due to inherent pacemaker cells in the heart.
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Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities throughout the body. There are three main types - covering/lining epithelium, glandular epithelium, and sensory epithelium. Epithelial cells are closely packed, rest on a basement membrane, and lack blood vessels. They are classified based on cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar), number of cell layers (simple or stratified), and surface features like microvilli. Common simple epithelia include squamous, cuboidal and columnar found in skin, kidneys, and digestive tract. Stratified epithelia have multiple layers and are found in skin, mouth, and vagina. Glandular epithelia are specialized to secrete substances either
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Epithelial tissue lines body surfaces and cavities and forms glands. It has several key characteristics: it protects underlying tissues, regenerates quickly, is avascular, and is polarized with selectively permeable cells. Epithelial tissue includes glandular epithelium which forms two types of glands - endocrine glands that release secretions into the bloodstream and exocrine glands that secrete into ducts leading outside or inside the body. Exocrine glands are classified by their secretory mechanisms and structures.
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The cell membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer that is selectively permeable. It controls what enters and leaves the cell. The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as being made up of phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol that move fluidly within the bilayer. The membrane contains transport proteins that allow substances to pass through, including ion channels, carrier proteins, receptor proteins, and enzymes. Carrier proteins can facilitate diffusion or active transport of molecules in or out of the cell.
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1) Tissues are classified based on structure, composition and function. The four major types are epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue.
2) Epithelial tissues cover surfaces, line organs and form glands. They protect, absorb, secrete and transport. Connective tissues connect, support and protect other tissues. Muscle tissues contract to cause movement and pumping blood. Nervous tissues transmit electrical signals.
3) Each tissue contains different cell types and extracellular matrix to suit their functions.
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The document summarizes the key mechanisms of transport across the cell membrane. It describes how lipid-soluble substances can diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer, while water and other molecules require protein channels. Transport occurs via diffusion, either simple diffusion through openings or facilitated diffusion using carrier proteins, or active transport against gradients using ATP or the sodium-potassium gradient. Protein channels provide selective permeability and can be gated to control transport.
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This document provides an overview of skeletal muscles, including their structure, types, and naming conventions. It describes how skeletal muscles are attached to bones and allow voluntary movement. They have a fleshy belly and tendinous endings. Muscles are arranged in different fashions like parallel, triangular, or pennate fibers to provide either more power or range of motion. Their names indicate features like shape, attachments, actions, or fiber direction.
Animal Tissues
This document discusses the four main types of tissues in animals: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. It provides details on the structure and function of each tissue type, including the different cells and materials that make up the tissues. For epithelial tissue, it describes the three main cell shapes - squamous, cuboidal and columnar - and explains how epithelia can be classified based on cell layers. For connective tissue, it outlines the different categories and functions, such as areolar tissue binding organs together and bone providing structure. The document also compares the key characteristics of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle cells.
Tissues PPT class 9
The document discusses plant tissues. There are two main types of plant tissue - meristematic and permanent tissue. Meristematic tissue is dividing tissue found at growth points that allows plants to grow. It includes apical, lateral and intercalary meristem. Permanent tissues are non-dividing and include simple tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma, as well as complex tissues like xylem and phloem that transport materials.
Powerpoint presentation Ajeesh Kumar.N
The document discusses the four main types of tissues in the human body: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and neural tissue. Epithelial tissue covers and lines body surfaces and cavities. Connective tissue connects and supports other tissues. Muscle tissue contains contractile fibers that allow movement. Neural tissue contains neurons and makes up the nervous system to control body functions and responses.
Msk JANELLE
The musculoskeletal system provides several important functions:
1. Protection of vital organs
2. Support of body structures through a strong framework
3. Allowing for locomotion and movement
The skeletal system includes both axial bones like the skull and vertebrae, as well as appendicular bones in the limbs. Bones are composed of compact cortical bone and cancellous spongy bone. They are maintained through the balanced actions of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Joints allow movement between bones and contain cartilage, synovial fluid, ligaments, and tendons. Muscles are composed of fibers and sarcomeres that allow contraction to move bones. Common injuries include strains, sprains, and
Biology Form 5 Chapter 2 - Locomotion & support : 2.1 Part 1
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the human skeletal system. It describes the three main types of skeletons - hydrostatic, exoskeleton, and endoskeleton. It then focuses on the human endoskeleton, outlining the main parts of the axial skeleton including the skull, vertebral column consisting of different types of vertebrae, and rib cage. It notes the functions of the endoskeleton in providing structure, protection, movement, and storing minerals.
2[1].1 (a) FORM 5
The document provides information on the human skeletal system including:
- It describes the main types of skeletons in humans and animals - endoskeleton, exoskeleton, and hydrostatic skeleton.
- It explains the functions of the skeletal system which include protection, support, movement, blood cell formation, and mineral storage.
- It outlines the main bones that make up the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage) and appendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, forelimb bones, hindlimb bones).
Tissue level organisation by KH pharmacoding.pptx
This document provides information about different types of tissues in the human body. It discusses four main types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue.
For epithelial tissue, it describes the location and functions of simple and compound epithelial cells. It also explains goblet cells and glandular epithelial cells.
Connective tissue is divided into connective tissue proper, supportive connective tissue and fluid connective tissue. The main components and locations of different connective tissues like areolar tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage and bones are outlined.
The three types of muscular tissue - skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle - are defined along with their characteristics.
Nervous tissue contains neurons and neuroglia
Bone/ dental implant courses
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Movement
Movement occurs through changing position or posture of the whole organism or parts. There are two types: movement of curvature and locomotion. Locomotion involves movement of the whole organism and is seen in animals and some protoctists through amoeboid, ciliary, muscular, and flagellar movement. The human skeleton provides support, protection, movement, and mineral storage through bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments. It consists of the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribcage) and appendicular skeleton (limbs). Muscles contract and relax to cause movement by attaching to bones via tendons.
The Skeletal System Essay
The skeletal system consists of bones and connective tissues that stabilize the bones. Bones have several important functions including supporting the body, protecting organs, allowing movement, storing minerals, and producing blood cells. The skeletal system includes long bones in the limbs, short bones in the wrists and ankles, flat bones like the skull, and irregularly shaped bones like vertebrae. Bones are made up of compact bone on the outside and spongy bone on the inside, with bone marrow and minerals providing structure and strength.
Anatomy of connective tissue by sk..
Connective tissue is one of the four basic types of tissue in the human body. It performs important functions like support, protection, insulation, and transport. Connective tissue is made up of ground substance, fibers, and cells. The main components provide structure and binding properties. There are several types of connective tissue including loose connective tissue, dense regular tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood. Each type has a distinctive composition and structure tailored to its functions in the body.
Anatomy and Physiology on the musculoskeletal system
The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons and muscles, which form a framework for the body. Tendons, ligaments and fibrous tissue bind the structures together to create stability, with ligaments connecting bone to bone, and tendons connecting muscle to bone.
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Biology Form 5 Chapter 2 - Locomotion & support : 2.1 Part 1
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This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
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ANIMAL TISSUE
- 1. ANIMAL TISSUE (PART -1) BY- MISS RITIMA APS RAKHMUTHI
- 2. ANIMAL TISSUE THE TISSUE PRESENT IN THE ANIMALS IS CALLED ANIMAL TISSUE. THE ANIMAL TISSUE IS OF FOUR TYPES: a. EPITHELIAL TISSUE b. MUSCULAR TISSUE c. CONNECTIVE TISSUE d. NERVOUS TISSUE
- 4. EPITHELIAL TISSUE IT IS A PROTECTIVE TISSUE . THE CELLS OF THIS TISSUE ARE TIGHTLY PACKED AND FORMS CONTINIOUS SHEET. THE EPITHELIAL TISSUE MAY BE SIMPLE OR STRATIFIED.
- 5. FUNCTION IT FORMS THE OUTER LAYER OF SKIN .THESE CELLS PROTECT UNDERLYING CELLS FROM INJURY, DRYING , CHEMICAL EFFECTS etc. IT HELPS IN ABSORPTION OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS. INSIDE THE BODY , EPITHELIAL CELLS FORMS THE LINING OF MOUTH AND ALIMENTRY CANAL AND PROTECT THESE ORGANS. EPITHELIAL CELLS HELP IN ELIMINATING WASTE PRODUCTS. SOME EPITHELIAL CELLS PERFORMS THE SECRETORY FUNCTION
- 6. TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE
- 7. SIMPLE EPITHELIUM MADE UP OF THIN , FLAT IRREGULAR SHAPED CELLS. CELLS ARE COMPACTLY ARRANGED. IT ALSO CALLED AS PAVEMENT EPITHELIUM. OCCURANCE: FORMS DELICATE LINING OF CAVITIES LIKE MOUTH , OESOPHAGUS etc. FUNCTION: PROTECT THE UNDERLYING PARTS OF THE BODY FROM MECHANICAL INJURY ,GERMS , CHEMICALS etc.
- 8. COLUMUNAR EPITHELIUM THE CELLS ARE PILLAR SHAPED. OCCURANCE: IT OCCURS IN THE LINING OF STOMACH, SMALL- INTESTINE , COLON FORMING A MUCOUS MEMBRANE. FUNCTION: ITS MAIN FUNCTION INCLUDE ABSORPTION AND SECRETION.
- 9. CILIATED EPITHELIUM THE CELLS OF THE CILLIATED EPITHELIUM ARE CUBOIDAL AND BEARS A THREAD LIKE CYTOPLASMIC OUT GROWTHS CALLED AS CILLIA. OCCURANCE: THEY ARE FOUND IN THE SPERM DUCT , LINING OF TRACHEA , BRONCHI , KIDNEY TUBULES , OVIDUCT. FUNCTION: THE RYTHMIC BEATING OF CILLIA MOVES THE SOLID PARTICLES IN ONE DIRECTION THROUGH THE DUCT.
- 10. CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM THE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM CELLS CONSIST OF CUBOIDAL CELLS. OCCURANCE: IT IS FOUND IN KIDNEY TUBULES, THYROID VESICLES AND IN GLANDS. IT FORMS GERMINAL EPITHELIUM OF GONANDS- TESTIES, OVARIES. FUNCTION : IT HELPS IN THE ABSORPTION , EXCRETION AND SECRETION. IT PROVIDE MECHANICAL SUPPORT.
- 11. MUSCULAR TISSUE THE MUSCLE TISSUE IS A CONTRACTILE TISSUE MADE UP OF MUSCLE CELL. MUSCLE CELLS ARE ELONGATED AND LARGE SIZED, SO THEY ARE ALSO CALLED AS MUSCLE FIBRE. ON THE BASES OF LOCATION AND FUNCTION THERE ARE FOLLOWING TYPES OF MUSCLE FIBRES: a. STRAIGHTED MUSCLES ( SKELETAL MUSCLES) b. SMOOTH MUSCLES c. CARDIAC MUSCLES
- 13. STRAIGHTED MUSCLES THEY ARE STRIPPED MUSCLES. THEY ARE VOLUNTARY MUSCLES. THE CHRACTERISTIC FEATURE OF STRIPPED MUSCLES IS THAT THEY SHOW ALTERNATE DARK AND LIGHT STRIPES. SINCE THESE MUSCLES ARE ATTACHED TO BONES , THEY ARE ALSO CALLED AS SKELTAL MUSCLES. THEY ARE MULTI NUCLEATED MUSCLES. OCCURANCE: THE OCCUR IN MUSCLES OF LIMBS, BODY WALL , FACE , NECK etc. FUNCTION : THEY ARE POWERFUL AND UNDERGO RAPID CONTRACTION. IT PROVIDE FORCE FOR LOCOMOTION AND OTHER VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT.
- 14. SMOOTH MUSCLES THEY ARE ALSO CALLED AS UNSTRAITED OR INVOLUNTRY MUSCLES. THEY ARE HELD TOGETHER BY LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE. OCCURANCE: THEY ARE FOUND IN THE WALLS OF HOLLOW VISCERAL ORGANS EXCEPT HEART AND ARE CALLED AS VISCERAL MUSCLES. THUS THEY OCCUR IN WALLS OF ALIMENTRY CANAL, INTERNAL ORGANS, DUCTS OF GLANDS, URINOGENETICAL DUCTS AND BLOOD VESSELS.
- 15. CARDIAC MUSCLES CARDIAC MUSCLES SHOWS CHRACTERISTIC FEATURE OF BOTH SMOOTH AND STRAITED MUSCLES. CARDIAC MUSCLES HAVE STRIPS OF DARK AND LIGHT BANDS. THESE MUSCLES SHOWS DENSLY STAINED CROSS BANDS CALLED AS INTERCALATED IMPULSE – ACT AS IMPULSE BOOSTER. OCCURANCE: THE CARDIAC MUSCLES OCCUR IN THE HEART - WALLS OF THE HEART. FUNCTION: THEY CONTRACT ND RELAX RAPIDLY FROM EARLY EMBRYONIC STAGE UNTIL DEATH. THE CONTRCTION AND RELAXATION OF HEART MUSCLES HELP TO PUMP AND DISTRIBUTE BLOODTO VARIOUS ORGANS OF THE BODY.