On the basis of the function and occurrence ,tissues present in animal body is called animal tissue. These animal tissue is classified into the following four types:
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue
Every organism is composed of several different types of human body tissue. The human body tissue is another way of describing how our cells are grouped together in a highly organized manner according to specific structure and function. These groupings of cells form tissues, which then make up organs and various parts of the body.
IT IS A PRESENTATION CONSISTING 24 SLIDES. IT IS PREPARED BASED ON ANIMAL TISSUES FROM THE CHAPTER TISSUE OF CLASS IX. IT DETAILY COVERS THE DIVISIONS OF ANIMAL TISSUE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS. HOPE IT HELPS...
Every organism is composed of several different types of human body tissue. The human body tissue is another way of describing how our cells are grouped together in a highly organized manner according to specific structure and function. These groupings of cells form tissues, which then make up organs and various parts of the body.
IT IS A PRESENTATION CONSISTING 24 SLIDES. IT IS PREPARED BASED ON ANIMAL TISSUES FROM THE CHAPTER TISSUE OF CLASS IX. IT DETAILY COVERS THE DIVISIONS OF ANIMAL TISSUE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS. HOPE IT HELPS...
. Definition of Tissues Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. In other words, it is a group of cells working together mainly inside an organ.
3. Classification of Tissues Human body is composed of 4 basic types of tissue: •Epithelial tissue •Connective tissue •Muscular tissue •Nervous tissue
4. Origin of Tissue A fertilized egg divides to produce 3 primary germ cell layers. These layers differentiate to form the tissues of the body.
5. Epithelial Tissue Epithelial cells cover or line all body surfaces, cavities and tubes. So, These are called covering epithelia. Epithelial cells form the functional units of secretory glands. So, These are called glandular epithelia.
Under the microscopeCORE273 Summer2019What is Biology.docxouldparis
Under the microscope
CORE273 Summer2019
What is Biology?
Biology is a word derived from the Greek words bios, meaning “life”, and logos meaning “study”.
Therefore biology is defined as the science and study of life and living organisms.
An “organism” is a living entity consisting of one cell (bacteria) or several cells (plants, animals, fungi).
https://www.ntnu.edu/biology/about-us/what-is-biology
2
Characteristics of Living things
Made of different molecules than non-living things.
Carbon atoms form bonds with other atomic elements.
Molecules result: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids.
Require energy and raw materials.
Intake of above molecules offers energy and building blocks of cells.
Have a metabolism.
Breaks down/builds up molecules into/from atoms (respectively).
Living things will grow, reproduce, and evolve.
Characteristics of Living things
Respond to their environment and maintain homeostasis.
Necessary to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
Systems present in any organism must respond to internal/external stimuli.
Make adjustments to compensate for stress on other systems.
Negative Feedback Loops
Controlled Variable is the factor being monitored.
Sensors keep “tabs” on if these factors are at their “set points”.
Control Center gathers information and determines appropriate actions.
Effectors are activated by control center to carry out necessary response.
Characteristics of Living things
All living things are composed of cells and cell products.
A single cell is the smallest unit exhibiting all characteristics of life.
Often divided by internal structural organization:
Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane bound “nucleus” and have few “organelles” (i.e.; bacteria)
Eukaryotic cells do have a membrane bound nucleus and many organelles with different functions (i.e.; plants, animals, fungi)
Inside our human Cells
Nucleus is the “brain”; directs activities via DNA.
DNA molecules contain our genetic information.
Organelles are “little organs”
Ribosomes: produce proteins.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: produces proteins via ribosomes that are on membrane.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: produces primarily lipids; no ribosomes.
Golgi apparatus: refines, ships, and packages products from both endoplasmic reticula.
Mitochondria: “powerhouse”. Produces energy in the form of ATP molecules.
Cells of the body
While the internal structure remains fairly similar between cells of the body, cells can differ in external structure.
The form (shape/size) of a cell will greatly influence it’s overall function.
Neurons are long and thin for fast communication between cells.
Muscle cells have special segments that shorten to allow the tissue to contract.
Tissues of the body
Groups of similar cells come together to form tissues.
There are four primary types of tissues:
Epithelial: covers body cavities, lines organs, and surfaces.
Glandular epithelium secretes products.
Connective: supports and connects.
Loose, d ...
The stem bears leaves, buds, flowers & fruits & helps to spread them out so that they can function properly. For example, it helps to spread out the leaves in such a way that they get the maximum possible sunlight and air..
It is a type of cyclic flow of nutrients between non- living components like soil, rock air and water and living organisms and micro oganism (Pseudomonas and Aeruginosa). It makes the biosphere dynamic. In oxygen cycle there is a cyclic flow of atmospheric oxygen. Photosynthesis releases oxygen in the atmosphere. Respiration absorbs oxygen. By photosynthesis plant produces organic molecules (C6 H12 O6). By respiration that organic molecule is oxidized to release energy and carbon oxide.
. Definition of Tissues Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. In other words, it is a group of cells working together mainly inside an organ.
3. Classification of Tissues Human body is composed of 4 basic types of tissue: •Epithelial tissue •Connective tissue •Muscular tissue •Nervous tissue
4. Origin of Tissue A fertilized egg divides to produce 3 primary germ cell layers. These layers differentiate to form the tissues of the body.
5. Epithelial Tissue Epithelial cells cover or line all body surfaces, cavities and tubes. So, These are called covering epithelia. Epithelial cells form the functional units of secretory glands. So, These are called glandular epithelia.
Under the microscopeCORE273 Summer2019What is Biology.docxouldparis
Under the microscope
CORE273 Summer2019
What is Biology?
Biology is a word derived from the Greek words bios, meaning “life”, and logos meaning “study”.
Therefore biology is defined as the science and study of life and living organisms.
An “organism” is a living entity consisting of one cell (bacteria) or several cells (plants, animals, fungi).
https://www.ntnu.edu/biology/about-us/what-is-biology
2
Characteristics of Living things
Made of different molecules than non-living things.
Carbon atoms form bonds with other atomic elements.
Molecules result: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids.
Require energy and raw materials.
Intake of above molecules offers energy and building blocks of cells.
Have a metabolism.
Breaks down/builds up molecules into/from atoms (respectively).
Living things will grow, reproduce, and evolve.
Characteristics of Living things
Respond to their environment and maintain homeostasis.
Necessary to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
Systems present in any organism must respond to internal/external stimuli.
Make adjustments to compensate for stress on other systems.
Negative Feedback Loops
Controlled Variable is the factor being monitored.
Sensors keep “tabs” on if these factors are at their “set points”.
Control Center gathers information and determines appropriate actions.
Effectors are activated by control center to carry out necessary response.
Characteristics of Living things
All living things are composed of cells and cell products.
A single cell is the smallest unit exhibiting all characteristics of life.
Often divided by internal structural organization:
Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane bound “nucleus” and have few “organelles” (i.e.; bacteria)
Eukaryotic cells do have a membrane bound nucleus and many organelles with different functions (i.e.; plants, animals, fungi)
Inside our human Cells
Nucleus is the “brain”; directs activities via DNA.
DNA molecules contain our genetic information.
Organelles are “little organs”
Ribosomes: produce proteins.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: produces proteins via ribosomes that are on membrane.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: produces primarily lipids; no ribosomes.
Golgi apparatus: refines, ships, and packages products from both endoplasmic reticula.
Mitochondria: “powerhouse”. Produces energy in the form of ATP molecules.
Cells of the body
While the internal structure remains fairly similar between cells of the body, cells can differ in external structure.
The form (shape/size) of a cell will greatly influence it’s overall function.
Neurons are long and thin for fast communication between cells.
Muscle cells have special segments that shorten to allow the tissue to contract.
Tissues of the body
Groups of similar cells come together to form tissues.
There are four primary types of tissues:
Epithelial: covers body cavities, lines organs, and surfaces.
Glandular epithelium secretes products.
Connective: supports and connects.
Loose, d ...
The stem bears leaves, buds, flowers & fruits & helps to spread them out so that they can function properly. For example, it helps to spread out the leaves in such a way that they get the maximum possible sunlight and air..
It is a type of cyclic flow of nutrients between non- living components like soil, rock air and water and living organisms and micro oganism (Pseudomonas and Aeruginosa). It makes the biosphere dynamic. In oxygen cycle there is a cyclic flow of atmospheric oxygen. Photosynthesis releases oxygen in the atmosphere. Respiration absorbs oxygen. By photosynthesis plant produces organic molecules (C6 H12 O6). By respiration that organic molecule is oxidized to release energy and carbon oxide.
Intestine part of the alimentary canal is prone to many infections which we term as nutritional diseases which may lead to its inflammation. The various infectious agents causing nutritional disorders are bacteria, virus, tapeworms, roundworms, threadworms, hookworm, pin worm etc. Here are some common nutritional diseases or disorders of the digestive system (marasmus)
INTRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY: We know that by the time conventional sources of energy will deplete soon due to improved technological progress and increased demand. To cater the rising demand, keeping a balance with limited with limited availability of conventional sources is very important. It is mandatory to look up to the alternative sources of energy which we also term as non-conventional sources of energy.
We perform many activities consciously or unconsciously, for example, when we eat food, our eyes help to locate the food, the nose smells it, hands bring food to the mouth, teeth chew and masticate it, the tongue pushes the food inside the alimentary canal, and so on. (NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION) All these activities occur in a coordinate manner. The organ system in our body that brings about coordination and integration of body activities, is the nervous system.
LIKE BEGETS LIKE, which means young one resemble their parents, (MONOHYBRID CROSS & DIHYBRID CROSS) is the well-known dogma associated with heredity. Each species has similarities among themselves due to the cause of heredity. W.Bateson was the first one to coin the term genetics in 1905. It is derived from the greek word “genesis” means to grow into or to become . in other word, genetics is the study of heredity and variation.
Flowers are the reproductive parts of plants,which are responsible for the production of gametes or sex cells ((non flowering plants).
A flower is modified shoot in which the leaves are modified into floral parts. A blossom propagates a branch from a bud in the axil of a little leaf-like structure called the bract. A bract is commonly green due to presence of chlorophyll and is a very small structure (non flowering plants).
Events of fertilization
A] Pollination brings female and male gametophyte together- The male and female gametophytes must meet and unite their gametes to fertilize egg. This is done by pollination, in which pollen is placed on the stigma of the carpel.
B] Germination of pollen grain under suitable condition- The cytoplasm of the pollen grain absorbs sugar and water from the stigma and bulges out to produce a tube known as pollen tube by braking down exine of pollen grains. This germinating pollen tube grows down through the stigma and style of flower towards the micropyle of the ovary. This tube produces chemical, calcium such as that dissolves the tissues of the style and the tip of the pollen tube enters the ovary through the micropylar end occurring double fertilization.
The eyeball is a spherical structure having 2.5 diameters. Structurally, the eyeball has three layers:- sclerotic layer (outer layer); choroid (middle layer) and retina (inner layer).
Outermost layer contains sclera and cornea
Middle layer contains choroid, ciliary body and iris.
Innermost layer consists of retina
Human beings have always been perplexed about the origin and evolution of life on earth. For centuries, a number of theories and hypothesis have been suggested to explain the evolutionary process.
In the previous year, in a very short time life was created by some supernatural power. Most of the religions and civilizations still believe in it, however, they do not have a scientific explanation and more a matter of faith. There has always been an attempt by the scientists and naturalists with keen observation, to explain the evolution scientifically and to look for its evidences.
The process of evolution involves a gradual change or variation in the organisms generation after generation. It means that the organisms of present-day have arisen from ancestors that were simpler in an organisation.
It is a group of viruses that causes respiratory problems in animals and birds. Some viruses are not so dangerous, but due to biological reasons, some family members become lethal causing even death e.g. SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome)
MERS (Middle-east respiratory syndrome)
If we see at the sky for some time at night, then we will observe some stars forming groups with shapes. So, the shape formed by the group of stars is called a constellation diagram. The shapes of constellations resemble objects familiar to those people. Each constellation is signified by an animal, a human being, or some other objects it appears to resemble. All the constellations seem to move in the sky from east to west. This is due to the rotation of the earth on its axis from west to east.
The disease is the malfunctioning of the body organs due to one reason or the other. In other words, it is a disorder of the body. The state of the body when any of its normal functions are disturbed or when the structures are altered is called disease. We understand that to remain healthy, we need to do much more than just keep away from disease. CONGENITAL DISEASE: This type of disease is present right from the birth. This is caused either due to genetic disorders or gene mutation or environmental factors. These diseases are passed on from one generation to next generation. Some examples of congenital diseases are Haemophilia, Sickle cell anaemia, Colour blindness, Thalassaemia etc.
All living organisms are made up of a variety of body parts like roots, leaves, flowers, fruits, wood etc. in plants and bones, flesh, nerves etc in animals. These parts look different from each other, yet they are all composed of tiny units called cells. Moreover, many living organisms like Amoeba, Paramecium, Chlamydomonas etc. consist of only one cell.
All living beings are made up of cells. The structural and functional unit of life is a cell which is the building block of the body. New cell arises from the pre-existing cells by the process of cell division.
Cell division occurs in all living organisms. In unicellular organisms, cell division directly produces two individuals. In multicellular organisms or higher-level organisms, life begins from a single cell, as a zygote, whIch divides and redivides mitotically into a number of cells to form a complete organism.
In multicellular organisms, there are two types of cells.
a)The somatic cells or the body cells- They form the body of an organism.
b)The reproductive cells or sex cells- They are gamete-producing cells.
Bacteria are the simplest ,most primitive and unicellular organisms without a true nucleus. That is why they are prokaryotic. they are placed under kingdom Monera. they are found everywhere in air,water,soil,food,inside our body etc. they lack nucleus and other cell organelles of complex cellslike plants,they possess a cell wall. each bacterial cell has its nuclear material in the form of a single chromosome which is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane.
Atoms are too small to see even with a powerful microscope and too light to be weighed even on the most sensitive balance. The history of the discovery of the structure of an atom is fascinating but a complicated subject. Only 100 years ago, scientists believed that atoms were solid, indestructible particles. Since then many great scientists had contributed brilliantly to give us the today’s model of an atom. Over the centuries, many philosophers and scientists tried to develop a model of the atom.
Conduction of water in plants is less elaborate than that of animal as well as plants. Plants are less active, so their cells do not need quick supply of materials. So, the only substances which are to be supplied to a plant through vascular bundle are water and minerals, this process is called ascent of sap. These materials are not available from air. Transport system also helps to carry food prepared in the leaves to the various parts of the plant like stems , roots etc. Ascent of sap is executed by two types of vascular bundles: Xylem which transports water and Phloem which transports prepared food.
The ability of any living organism terms as acclimatization. It develops certain features which improves the chances of its survival in the changing environment. Plants and animals can adopt themselves in such a way that they can easily survive in the conditions where they use to live. We term this phenomenon adaptation also. Acclimatization is a trait of an organism. It favors the living organism by natural selection.
Flowers are the reproductive parts of plants,which are responsible for the production of gametes or sex cells ((non flowering plants).
A flower is modified shoot in which the leaves are modified into floral parts. A blossom propagates a branch from a bud in the axil of a little leaf-like structure called the bract. A bract is commonly green due to presence of chlorophyll and is a very small structure (non flowering plants).
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Body fluids_tonicity_dehydration_hypovolemia_hypervolemia.pptx
ANIMAL TISSUE.docx
1. ANIMAL TISSUE: EASY DRAWING,
EXAMPLE & EXPLANATION OF ITS
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ANIMAL TISSUE
INTRODUCTION
On the basis of the function and occurrence ,tissues present in animal body is called animal tissue. These
animal tissue is classified into the following four types:
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue
EPITHELIAL TISSUE ANIMAL TISSUE:
The covering or protective tissues in animal body is epithelial tissue
It is the simplest protective tissue.
It forms a barrier to keep different body systems separated from each other.
FUNCTIONS:
It protects the underlying cells from drying, injury, infections and also from harmful effects of chemicals.
It plays an important role in coordination of body and environment by interchanging various substances
in all body parts.
It helps in absorption if water and nutrients and in diffusion of gases.
It helps in elimination of waste products from the body.
TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE
NAME OF
EPITHELIAL
TISSUE
CHARACTERISTICS LOCATION FUNCTION DIAGRAM
Simple
squamous
epithelium
· Single layered
· Closely fitted
· Very thin
§ Delicate lining
of blood vessels
§ Lung alveoli
Covering and
protection
Stratified
squamous
epithelium
Arranged in many layers
Outer side of the
skin
Prevents from
wearing and
tearing.
Cuboidal
epithelium
Cube shaped cells with
round nuclei
§ Lining of
kidney tubule.
Absorption,
excretion and
secretion.
2. § Ducts of
salivary glands
Columnar
epithelium
Pillar like cells with
elongated nuclei
Inner lining of
intestine
Absorption and
secretion
Ciliated
columnar
epithelium
Columnar cells with cilia.
§ Respiratory
tract
§ Oviducts
§ Spermducts.
Movement of cilia
pushes substance
like egg, sperm,
mucus forward.
Glandular
epithelium
Folding of epithelial
tissue. forms multi
cellular gland.
Gland of various
organs.
Those gland cells
secrete
substances.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN ANIMAL TISSUE
NAME OF THE
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
CHARACTERISTICS & FUNCTION DIAGRAM
Blood
RBCs transport oxygen and carbon di oxide; WBCs fight
with diseases by producing antibodies; BLOOD
PLATELETs help in clotting of blood.
Bones
Very strong, non-flexible, porous, hard, rigid, rich
in calcium and phosphorus. It forms the framework that
supports the body.
Cartilages
Specialized tissue having widely spaced cells. Matrix is
composed of protein and sugars. It provides smoothness
to the bone surfaces at the joint.
Areolar tissue
The tissue is found between the organs. It supports the
organs by filling. It also provides support to the internal
organ. It repairs the tissues.
Adipose tissue
It serves as a fat reservoir, keep visceral organs in
position.
Ligament The fibre connect bone to another bone.
Tendon These connect muscles to bone.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT MUSCULAR
TISSUES
KEY POINTS
STRIATED /
VOLUNTARY
/ SKELETAL
MUSCLE
UNSRIATED/
SMOOTHE/
INVOLUNTAR
Y MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE
Characteristic
s
Long,
cylindrical, un
branched, multi
Spindle- shaped,
long uni-
nucleate, smooth
Cylindrical, uni nucleate, branched and
having stripes of light and dark band.
3. -nucleate tissue
with dark and
light band.
and without any
band.
Location
Present in our
limbs
Found in our
visceral organs
Present in our heart.
Function
We can move
the organs by
conscious will
These organs
move without our
consent to
perform our
various metabolic
works.
The muscles perform
rhythmic contraction and relaxation througho
ut the life.
Diagram
NERVOUS TISSUE IN ANIMAL TISSUE:
DESCRIPTION DIAGRAM
· It receives stimulus and transmits it from one part of tissue to other.
· These are highly spcialized for receiving stimulus and rapid transmission
from one region to another.
· Nervous tissues in animal tissue are present in brain, Spinal cord and all
type of nerves.
· Cell body consists of cytoplasm, nucleus and cell membrane
· Axon is a single long conducting fibre extending from neuron.
· Dendrites are short branched fibres of neuron which receive nerve
impulse.
QUESTIONS RELATED TO ANIMAL TISSUE:
Qns1 Name the type of epithelium present in respiratory tract. What is its specialization?
Ans1 Ciliated columnar epithelium in animal tissue is present in the respiratory tract of human. It
has specialized hair-like projection called cilia which help in the movement of substances and mucus
forward.
Qs2 Give three differences between epithelial tissue and connective tissue.
Ans2 Differences between epithelial and connective tissues are
KEY POINTS EPITHELIAL TISSUE CONNECTIVE TISSUU
Arrangement Cells are tightly packed These cells are loosely packed
Inter cellular
substances
All cells contain very little or no
intercellular matrix
Space between cells is filled with
non-living matrix (solid or fluid)
Function
It is the covering tissue and
protects body from infections,
injury etc.
The cell is the connecting tissue as
it connects various body organs.
Qs3 Which tissue makes the bones smooth at joint surface.
Ans3 Cartilage is the tissue that smoothens bones surface at joints.
4. Qs4 Where do you find the cartilage in animal tissue?
Ans4 Cartilage is present in nose, trachea, ear and larynx.
Qs5 What happens when blood platelets are removed from blood?
Ans5 If the blood platelets are removed from the body then blood clotting will not occur at the site of
injury. Bleeding will continue and a significant loss of blood may lead to death.
Qs6 Write the function of areolar tissue in animal tissue.
Ans6 Areolar tissue fill the space inside the organs and supports internal organs of the body. They
also help in repair of tissues.
Qs7 Name the tissue by identified by their functions.
Connects bone to bone
Forms inner lining of alveoli
Having chondrocytes as cells
Transporting stimulus
Ans7 The tissues are
Ligament
Simple squamous epithelium
Cartilage
Qs8 Name the tissue in animal tissue responsible for our movement.
Ans8 Muscular tissue is responsible for our locomotion and movement.
Qs9 Name the tissue associated to these functions?
Flat tissue which is present in the inner buccal cavity
T hose tissue that forms connects muscle to bone in humans
Tissue that transports food in plants
Connective tissue with fluid matrix
Tissue that present in the brain
Ans9 The proper tissues are
Squamous epithelium
Tendons
Phloem
Adipose tissue
Blood
Nervous tissue
Qs10 Mention the features of cardiac tissue.
Ans10 features of cardiac muscular tissue in animal tissue are
These are involuntary muscle
Cells of these muscles are cylindrical, branched and uni -nucleate.
5. These muscles show rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout the life.