The document discusses the structure and function of various animal tissues and organ systems. It describes the main tissue types - muscular, connective, nerve, epithelial and fluid tissues - and how they combine to form organs like the heart, kidneys, stomach and lungs. It also examines the circulatory, nervous, endocrine, urinary, respiratory, and muscular systems. Reproduction and embryonic development in livestock are covered as well. The structure of meat is discussed, noting its main components of muscle, fat, bone and connective tissue.

1. Animal Structure By: R. Mochammad Ridwan XI SCIENCE 3

2. Cells Make up all higher organisms They form many types of tissues with many functions

3. Muscular Tissue Tissue that connects and allows for movement

4. Muscle Types Voluntary: animal can control these Involuntary: not under control

5. Heart Is a major involuntary muscle that pumps blood through the circulatory system

6. Connective Tissue Holds other tissues Tendons and ligaments

7. Nerve Tissue Transmit information through the body

8. Epithelial Tissue Covering for most internal and external surfaces of the body and organs

9. Fluid Tissue Ex. Blood

10. Organs Are groups of tissues that perform complex functions in the body Any organ contains 2 or more tissues

11. Internal Organs Heart http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/CVHTML/CV001.html

12. Internal Organs Kidneys http://www.gen.umn.edu/faculty_staff/jensen/1135/webanatomy/wa_urinary/wa_kidney_picture1.htm

13. Internal Organs Stomach http://ww2.saturn.stpaul.k12.mn.us/kids/HumanBody/Krystlestomach.html

14. Internal Organs Lungs http://www.lung.ca/copd/anatomy/normal.html

15. Internal Organs Liver http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/LIVEHTML/LIVER002.html

16. Skeletal System Provides form, protection, support, and strength With the aid of muscles it allows movement The bones store minerals

17. Skeletal System Bone marrow produces blood cells

18. 3 componets Axial skeleton Pectoral limb Pelvic limb

19. Axial Skeleton Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage are the main parts

20. Pectoral Limbs Front legs of an animal

21. Pelvic Limbs Hind Legs

22. Joints Connect different Bones Ball and socket Sliding Hinge

25. Circulatory System Heart, capillaries, arteries, lymph glands and veins are the major parts Heart pumps blood through the body

26. Circulatory System Blood leaves the heart through the aorta Then to smaller arteries Finally to very small capillaries which feed the body

27. Circulatory System Nutrients and Oxygen to cells Carbon Dioxide, water and waste are taken away

28. Circulatory System From the capillaries it goes to small veins then larger veins and finally to the heart

29. Lymph System Works with the circulatory system to get nutrients to the body from the small intestines

30. Nervous System Transmits information to and form all parts of the body

31. Nervous System 2 parts: Central ( brain and spine) Peripheral (nerves that connect the body to the central)

32. Nervous System Autonomic Nervous system controls automatic body activities Uses the 5 senses

33. Endocrine System Hormones are organic catalyst that influence growth, development of the body, reproduction Endocrine glands

34. Endocrine System Blood transports hormones Pancreas, pituitary gland, ovaries, testicles, adrenal glands, etc

35. Urinary System Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra Blood passes through the kidneys and waste and some water is filtered out

36. Urinary System Then the waste moves through the ureters to the bladder where it is stored Then through the urethra as urine and out the body

37. Urinary System Poultry have no urethra or bladder Goes out cloaca with the feces

38. Respiratory System Muscles pull air in and out Air goes in the nose or mouth to the pharynx, then to the trachea to the lungs

39. Respiratory System Lungs contain alveoli This is where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide

40. Respiratory System Also helps regulate temp. Makes sound using the larynx

41. Muscular System Works with the skeletal system to support, form and move the body

42. Muscular System 3 kinds of muscle Striated Smooth Cardiac

43. Growth in Livestock Divided into 3 phases Zygote: fertilized egg Embryo Fetal

44. Zygote While it moves to the uterus Attaches to uterine wall Cell division takes place

45. Embryo This is when placenta forms Tissues begin to differentiate Controlled by DNA

46. Fetus End of embryo phase-birth Organs develop and size increases

47. Fetus Kidneys, heart, central nervous system and liver develop 1 st Skeleton and muscles develop later

48. Poultry Embryo After laid it is kept between 70-80 o . Stops cell division 1 st 48 hours get blood flowing from embryo and yolk

50. Structure of Meat

51. Meat Consist of muscle, fat, bone and connective tissue Most is striated skeletal muscle

52. Meat Smooth muscle composes internal organs Combinations of muscle are called visceral muscles

53. Meat The more connective tissue in the meat the less tender it is 70% water 20% protein

54. Color of meat Caused by the amount of myoglobin Age, storing, packing, time exposed to air all effect color