anemia.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•47 views
This document summarizes the different types of anemia. It discusses decreased red blood cell production due to nutritional deficiencies like iron deficiency or vitamin B12/folic acid deficiency which leads to megaloblastic anemia. It also discusses decreased red blood cell survival due to hereditary or acquired hemolytic anemias. The types covered include iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, hereditary spherocytosis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and post-hemorrhagic anemia. Causes, pathophysiology, clinical features and management are described for each type.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Anemia and homeopathy treatment
Anemia is a condition defined by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in paleness and fatigue. This lowers the blood's ability to carry oxygen throughout the body. There are three main types of anemia caused by blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, or increased red blood cell breakdown. Symptoms include weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin. Anemia is diagnosed through a complete blood count and microscopic examination of a blood smear. Causes include impaired red blood cell production, increased red blood cell destruction, blood loss, or fluid overload. Homeopathic treatments for anemia are individualized but may include remedies like Cinchona for anemia due to blood loss
Hemoglobin and Level of Hemoglobin Required in the Body
Hemoglobin is a protein present in the red blood cells. The red color pigmentation of the blood is because of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the primary oxygen-carrying protein that circulates throughout the blood.
Anemia
Anemia is defined as a low level of hemoglobin or hematocrit based on gender. Signs and symptoms depend on the level and chronicity of anemia. Anemia can be caused by inadequate red blood cell production due to bone marrow damage, iron deficiency, or inflammation. It can also be caused by red blood cell destruction or loss. The retic index is a measure of red blood cell production corrected for hematocrit and shift factors. Hypoproliferative anemias involve marrow damage, iron deficiency, low stimulation, inflammation, metabolic defects, or renal disease. Maturation disorders can cause microcytic or macrocytic anemia affecting cytoplasmic or DNA synthesis.
Anemia patient information leaflet
Anemia is a condition where the blood lacks sufficient red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. It can be caused by a lack of iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid, or result from underlying diseases. Common symptoms include pale skin and brittle nails. Different types of anemia include iron deficiency, vitamin deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, and sickle cell anemia. Tests like blood counts and vitamin level tests can detect anemia, while treatments may involve iron supplements, B12 injections, or addressing the underlying cause.
Cme online Jan 2021 Blood Disorder
Blood disorders can affect the different components of blood - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. They can be caused by genetic factors, diseases, nutritional deficiencies, medications, or in some cases the cause is unknown. Symptoms vary depending on the specific disorder but can include bleeding, bruising, fatigue, infections, and shortness of breath. Diagnosing blood disorders involves medical tests of blood and bone marrow.
Endocrine system suffixes
This document discusses suffixes related to conditions of the endocrine system. The suffix -emia refers to the presence of a substance in the blood and is seen in conditions like anemia, septicemia, and hyperlipidemia. Anemia is a lack of red blood cells, septicemia involves bacteria in the bloodstream, and hyperlipidemia is high cholesterol levels. The suffix -dipsia means thirst and is seen in hypodipsia, meaning low fluid intake, and polydipsia, meaning excessive thirst often from conditions like diabetes.
Anaemia
Anemia is a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. It can be caused by blood loss, excessive red blood cell destruction, or deficient red blood cell production. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Anemia is diagnosed through a complete blood count and examination of a blood smear. It can be classified based on red blood cell size as microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic. A more detailed classification involves evaluating red blood cell production, destruction, and loss through parameters like reticulocyte count and mean corpuscular volume. Determining the underlying cause requires additional tests depending on the classification and symptoms.
Anemia.pptx
Anemia is a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. It impairs the body's ability to transport oxygen. There are several types of anemia based on cause, including iron deficiency, megaloblastic, pernicious, hemolytic, thalassemia, and sickle cell anemia. Anemia is diagnosed through a complete blood count. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve iron supplements, vitamin B12/folate, managing the disease triggering an anemia, blood transfusions, or medication.
Recommended
Anemia and homeopathy treatment
Anemia is a condition defined by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in paleness and fatigue. This lowers the blood's ability to carry oxygen throughout the body. There are three main types of anemia caused by blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, or increased red blood cell breakdown. Symptoms include weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin. Anemia is diagnosed through a complete blood count and microscopic examination of a blood smear. Causes include impaired red blood cell production, increased red blood cell destruction, blood loss, or fluid overload. Homeopathic treatments for anemia are individualized but may include remedies like Cinchona for anemia due to blood loss
Hemoglobin and Level of Hemoglobin Required in the Body
Hemoglobin is a protein present in the red blood cells. The red color pigmentation of the blood is because of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the primary oxygen-carrying protein that circulates throughout the blood.
Anemia
Anemia is defined as a low level of hemoglobin or hematocrit based on gender. Signs and symptoms depend on the level and chronicity of anemia. Anemia can be caused by inadequate red blood cell production due to bone marrow damage, iron deficiency, or inflammation. It can also be caused by red blood cell destruction or loss. The retic index is a measure of red blood cell production corrected for hematocrit and shift factors. Hypoproliferative anemias involve marrow damage, iron deficiency, low stimulation, inflammation, metabolic defects, or renal disease. Maturation disorders can cause microcytic or macrocytic anemia affecting cytoplasmic or DNA synthesis.
Anemia patient information leaflet
Anemia is a condition where the blood lacks sufficient red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. It can be caused by a lack of iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid, or result from underlying diseases. Common symptoms include pale skin and brittle nails. Different types of anemia include iron deficiency, vitamin deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, and sickle cell anemia. Tests like blood counts and vitamin level tests can detect anemia, while treatments may involve iron supplements, B12 injections, or addressing the underlying cause.
Cme online Jan 2021 Blood Disorder
Blood disorders can affect the different components of blood - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. They can be caused by genetic factors, diseases, nutritional deficiencies, medications, or in some cases the cause is unknown. Symptoms vary depending on the specific disorder but can include bleeding, bruising, fatigue, infections, and shortness of breath. Diagnosing blood disorders involves medical tests of blood and bone marrow.
Endocrine system suffixes
This document discusses suffixes related to conditions of the endocrine system. The suffix -emia refers to the presence of a substance in the blood and is seen in conditions like anemia, septicemia, and hyperlipidemia. Anemia is a lack of red blood cells, septicemia involves bacteria in the bloodstream, and hyperlipidemia is high cholesterol levels. The suffix -dipsia means thirst and is seen in hypodipsia, meaning low fluid intake, and polydipsia, meaning excessive thirst often from conditions like diabetes.
Anaemia
Anemia is a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. It can be caused by blood loss, excessive red blood cell destruction, or deficient red blood cell production. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Anemia is diagnosed through a complete blood count and examination of a blood smear. It can be classified based on red blood cell size as microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic. A more detailed classification involves evaluating red blood cell production, destruction, and loss through parameters like reticulocyte count and mean corpuscular volume. Determining the underlying cause requires additional tests depending on the classification and symptoms.
Anemia.pptx
Anemia is a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. It impairs the body's ability to transport oxygen. There are several types of anemia based on cause, including iron deficiency, megaloblastic, pernicious, hemolytic, thalassemia, and sickle cell anemia. Anemia is diagnosed through a complete blood count. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve iron supplements, vitamin B12/folate, managing the disease triggering an anemia, blood transfusions, or medication.
Polycythemia
Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in red blood cells. It can be primary, caused by bone marrow abnormalities, or secondary, caused by factors like smoking or lung diseases that result in hypoxia. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, and skin redness or itching. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated red blood cell counts. Treatment may include phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to suppress blood cell production, and lifestyle changes like exercise and avoiding tobacco. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for blood clots, managing pain and nutrition, and providing education.
Portal hypertension.ppt
Portal hypertension occurs when there is elevated pressure in the portal venous system leading to the liver. It is usually caused by cirrhosis damaging the liver and increasing resistance to blood flow. Common consequences include esophageal and rectal varices which can bleed, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, reducing portal pressure with medications, and procedures to prevent variceal bleeding such as band ligation.
Olumide pidan b
This document discusses anemia, including iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease. It defines anemia as a reduction in red blood cell counts or hemoglobin levels below established thresholds. Common symptoms include fatigue, headaches, and shortness of breath with exertion. Iron deficiency anemia can be identified by a low mean corpuscular volume, low iron levels, and low ferritin on lab tests. Anemia of chronic disease has similar symptoms but different underlying causes and lab abnormalities.
Anemia
Anemia is a condition caused by a lack of healthy red blood cells, which can result from blood loss, issues with red blood cell production, or destruction of red blood cells. Common symptoms include fatigue, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, headaches, difficulty concentrating, dizziness, pale skin, and leg cramps. To prevent anemia, one should follow doctor's instructions, eat a balanced diet high in iron, drink prune juice regularly, use iron-fortified formula if applicable, and cook in iron pots.
anemia & other blood disease and its manifestations in oral cavity
This document discusses several blood diseases including bleeding disorders, platelet deficiencies, and red and white blood cell disorders. It provides details on the clinical features of these diseases such as oral bleeding, bruising, infections, and ulcerations. Specific disorders covered include anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and leukemia. The roles of platelets, coagulation factors, and blood cells are explained. Treatment considerations for patients with blood diseases, such as avoiding certain medications, are also summarized.
Hemato in systemic diseases
The document discusses various hematological manifestations that can occur in systemic diseases. It covers how diseases like chronic disorders, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, renal diseases, liver diseases, and infections can impact red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and coagulation. The hematological effects are often related to the stage and chronicity of the underlying disease, and can present as anemias, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, or coagulation disorders. Treatment may be aimed at the underlying disease or specific hematological abnormalities.
Anemia
Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Anemia is caused by low hemoglobin levels and can result from either decreased red blood cell production or increased red blood cell destruction, leading to symptoms like fatigue, paleness, rapid heartbeat, and shortness of breath.
Full Blood Count (FBC) - Thyolo Hospital, Malawi
This is a presentation made by final year Bachelor of Sciences in Medical Laboratory students [Symon Nayupe and Peace Morrison] from University of Malawi, College of Medicine during their Laboratory practicum at Thyolo District Hospital, Malawi.
Medical Terminology Presentation 2: Suffixes
This document discusses medical terminology suffixes -uria and -emia. -Uria indicates a condition related to urine, such as glycosuria (glucose in urine) and hematuria (blood in urine), which can be caused by factors like high blood sugar levels, UTIs, exercise or kidney diseases. -Emia refers to a blood condition, for example sickle cell anemia where red blood cells are sickle shaped, or hypocalcemia which is low blood calcium and is caused by issues with parathyroid hormone, aging or malnutrition.
Hemoglobin (Hb) test 1mglabs
The hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues. The hemoglobin test is done to check for anemia or high red blood cell counts and to monitor treatment response. It involves drawing a blood sample from the arm using a syringe and fine needle. Abnormal hemoglobin levels can indicate various diseases.
Polycythemia by Dr. Sookun Rajeev Kumar
This document discusses polycythemia, a blood disorder characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells. It defines polycythemia and classifies it as either relative, absolute primary, or absolute secondary. Primary polycythemia, also called polycythemia vera, is caused by a mutation in the JAK2 gene that results in excessive blood cell production. Signs and symptoms include headache, dizziness, itching and red skin. Treatment focuses on phlebotomy to reduce red blood cell counts as well as medications to suppress bone marrow activity.
Polycythemia: Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Polycythemia is a rare bone marrow disorder, which causes the increase in the production of cells in the blood, mainly red blood cells. The primary function of the red blood cells is to carry oxygen to the different parts of the body.
Approach to anemia
1. Anemia is defined as Hb < 13 g/dL in men and < 12 g/dL in women. Symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, palpitations, and in severe cases lethargy, confusion, and chest pain.
2. Causes of anemia include decreased red blood cell production due to nutrient deficiencies, bone marrow disorders, infections, or decreased erythropoietin levels, and increased red blood cell destruction due to inherited hemolytic anemias, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, or hypersplenism.
3. Evaluation of anemia includes history, physical exam, complete blood count, peripheral smear, reticulocyte count,
Anemia
This document defines anemia and provides details about its causes, types, and treatment. It begins by defining anemia as a blood disorder where there is a deficiency in oxygen-carrying capacity due to reduced red blood cells or hemoglobin. The main causes of anemia include blood loss, red blood cell destruction, and insufficient red blood cell production. The document further classifies anemia into microcytic, macrocytic, and normocytic types based on red blood cell size, and lists specific conditions that fall under each type such as iron deficiency, B12 deficiency, and aplastic anemia. Common tests used to diagnose anemia and the information they provide are also outlined.
Anaemia
This document discusses anaemia, including its definition, causes, symptoms, classifications, and treatment. Anaemia is a blood disorder where there are low red blood cell counts or haemoglobin levels. It can be caused by blood loss, insufficient red blood cell production, or increased red blood cell destruction. Common types include iron deficiency, vitamin B12/folate deficiency, and chronic disease-related anaemia. Symptoms vary based on severity but can include fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, such as taking iron or B12 supplements. Anaemia is a widespread problem globally and in India, where nearly 50% of pregnant women are estimated to be anaemic.
Polycythemia slide
Due to factors such as genetics, smoking, and living at high altitudes, polycythemia causes an increased number of red blood cells which leads to elevated levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell count. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, and skin itching. Diagnosis involves blood tests and bone marrow tests. Treatment includes phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to decrease blood cell production, and lifestyle changes like exercise and avoiding tobacco. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for blood clots, administering treatments, providing education, and addressing pain and nutrition needs.
Polycythemia
This document discusses polycythemia and polycythemic hyperviscosity in newborns. Polycythemia is an increased total red blood cell mass with a central venous hematocrit over 65%, above which blood viscosity rises exponentially. Polycythemic hyperviscosity causes increased blood viscosity from high red blood cell counts. Clinical signs result from regional effects of hyperviscosity and microthrombi formation, affecting organs like the brain, kidneys, and heart. Treatment depends on symptoms, with observation for asymptomatic infants and partial exchange transfusion considered for symptomatic infants with hematocrit over 65%.
Polycythemia iquin
This document discusses polycythemia, which refers to an increased red blood cell mass. It describes three main types: relative polycythemia caused by decreased plasma volume, secondary polycythemia caused by factors like smoking that stimulate red blood cell production, and polycythemia vera caused by a mutation in the JAK2 protein. Polycythemia vera is a chronic disorder characterized by increased red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet counts. It can cause complications like thrombosis, bleeding, pruritus and splenomegaly. Treatment involves phlebotomy and medications like hydroxyurea to reduce symptoms and risks of complications. Secondary polycythemia is usually caused by lung diseases, tumors
Surgery
medical management of atherosclerosis, beta blockers , diuretics, nitrates, this ppt is basically helpful for undergraduates and non clinical persons
Polycythemia
Polycythemia is a blood disorder characterized by an increased red blood cell count. There are two main types: primary polycythemia vera, which is a stem cell cancer caused by a JAK2 mutation; and secondary polycythemia, caused by inappropriate erythropoietin secretion in response to conditions like high altitudes or lung/heart diseases. Polycythemia vera symptoms include headache, itching, fatigue and bleeding risks. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing increased red blood cells, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels along with a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment focuses on phlebotomy and medications to reduce red blood cell counts.
ANEMIA PPT.pptx
nutrition in anemia , anemia ppt, food and nutrition guidelines anemia ,anemia foods , hair foods in anemia , skin foods anemia, improve hb levels
anemia.pptx
Anemia is a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin levels, resulting in a lower ability of blood to carry oxygen to tissues. There are several types and causes of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia, the most common type, is caused by inadequate iron intake or absorption. Megaloblastic anemia is caused by deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folic acid, which are needed for red blood cell formation. Hemolytic anemias involve the premature destruction of red blood cells, and can be hereditary, autoimmune, or due to infections. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels, and determine the size and content of red blood cells to identify the type of anemia present
More Related Content
What's hot
Polycythemia
Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in red blood cells. It can be primary, caused by bone marrow abnormalities, or secondary, caused by factors like smoking or lung diseases that result in hypoxia. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, and skin redness or itching. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated red blood cell counts. Treatment may include phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to suppress blood cell production, and lifestyle changes like exercise and avoiding tobacco. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for blood clots, managing pain and nutrition, and providing education.
Portal hypertension.ppt
Portal hypertension occurs when there is elevated pressure in the portal venous system leading to the liver. It is usually caused by cirrhosis damaging the liver and increasing resistance to blood flow. Common consequences include esophageal and rectal varices which can bleed, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, reducing portal pressure with medications, and procedures to prevent variceal bleeding such as band ligation.
Olumide pidan b
This document discusses anemia, including iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease. It defines anemia as a reduction in red blood cell counts or hemoglobin levels below established thresholds. Common symptoms include fatigue, headaches, and shortness of breath with exertion. Iron deficiency anemia can be identified by a low mean corpuscular volume, low iron levels, and low ferritin on lab tests. Anemia of chronic disease has similar symptoms but different underlying causes and lab abnormalities.
Anemia
Anemia is a condition caused by a lack of healthy red blood cells, which can result from blood loss, issues with red blood cell production, or destruction of red blood cells. Common symptoms include fatigue, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, headaches, difficulty concentrating, dizziness, pale skin, and leg cramps. To prevent anemia, one should follow doctor's instructions, eat a balanced diet high in iron, drink prune juice regularly, use iron-fortified formula if applicable, and cook in iron pots.
anemia & other blood disease and its manifestations in oral cavity
This document discusses several blood diseases including bleeding disorders, platelet deficiencies, and red and white blood cell disorders. It provides details on the clinical features of these diseases such as oral bleeding, bruising, infections, and ulcerations. Specific disorders covered include anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and leukemia. The roles of platelets, coagulation factors, and blood cells are explained. Treatment considerations for patients with blood diseases, such as avoiding certain medications, are also summarized.
Hemato in systemic diseases
The document discusses various hematological manifestations that can occur in systemic diseases. It covers how diseases like chronic disorders, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, renal diseases, liver diseases, and infections can impact red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and coagulation. The hematological effects are often related to the stage and chronicity of the underlying disease, and can present as anemias, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, or coagulation disorders. Treatment may be aimed at the underlying disease or specific hematological abnormalities.
Anemia
Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Anemia is caused by low hemoglobin levels and can result from either decreased red blood cell production or increased red blood cell destruction, leading to symptoms like fatigue, paleness, rapid heartbeat, and shortness of breath.
Full Blood Count (FBC) - Thyolo Hospital, Malawi
This is a presentation made by final year Bachelor of Sciences in Medical Laboratory students [Symon Nayupe and Peace Morrison] from University of Malawi, College of Medicine during their Laboratory practicum at Thyolo District Hospital, Malawi.
Medical Terminology Presentation 2: Suffixes
This document discusses medical terminology suffixes -uria and -emia. -Uria indicates a condition related to urine, such as glycosuria (glucose in urine) and hematuria (blood in urine), which can be caused by factors like high blood sugar levels, UTIs, exercise or kidney diseases. -Emia refers to a blood condition, for example sickle cell anemia where red blood cells are sickle shaped, or hypocalcemia which is low blood calcium and is caused by issues with parathyroid hormone, aging or malnutrition.
Hemoglobin (Hb) test 1mglabs
The hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues. The hemoglobin test is done to check for anemia or high red blood cell counts and to monitor treatment response. It involves drawing a blood sample from the arm using a syringe and fine needle. Abnormal hemoglobin levels can indicate various diseases.
Polycythemia by Dr. Sookun Rajeev Kumar
This document discusses polycythemia, a blood disorder characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells. It defines polycythemia and classifies it as either relative, absolute primary, or absolute secondary. Primary polycythemia, also called polycythemia vera, is caused by a mutation in the JAK2 gene that results in excessive blood cell production. Signs and symptoms include headache, dizziness, itching and red skin. Treatment focuses on phlebotomy to reduce red blood cell counts as well as medications to suppress bone marrow activity.
Polycythemia: Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Polycythemia is a rare bone marrow disorder, which causes the increase in the production of cells in the blood, mainly red blood cells. The primary function of the red blood cells is to carry oxygen to the different parts of the body.
Approach to anemia
1. Anemia is defined as Hb < 13 g/dL in men and < 12 g/dL in women. Symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, palpitations, and in severe cases lethargy, confusion, and chest pain.
2. Causes of anemia include decreased red blood cell production due to nutrient deficiencies, bone marrow disorders, infections, or decreased erythropoietin levels, and increased red blood cell destruction due to inherited hemolytic anemias, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, or hypersplenism.
3. Evaluation of anemia includes history, physical exam, complete blood count, peripheral smear, reticulocyte count,
Anemia
This document defines anemia and provides details about its causes, types, and treatment. It begins by defining anemia as a blood disorder where there is a deficiency in oxygen-carrying capacity due to reduced red blood cells or hemoglobin. The main causes of anemia include blood loss, red blood cell destruction, and insufficient red blood cell production. The document further classifies anemia into microcytic, macrocytic, and normocytic types based on red blood cell size, and lists specific conditions that fall under each type such as iron deficiency, B12 deficiency, and aplastic anemia. Common tests used to diagnose anemia and the information they provide are also outlined.
Anaemia
This document discusses anaemia, including its definition, causes, symptoms, classifications, and treatment. Anaemia is a blood disorder where there are low red blood cell counts or haemoglobin levels. It can be caused by blood loss, insufficient red blood cell production, or increased red blood cell destruction. Common types include iron deficiency, vitamin B12/folate deficiency, and chronic disease-related anaemia. Symptoms vary based on severity but can include fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, such as taking iron or B12 supplements. Anaemia is a widespread problem globally and in India, where nearly 50% of pregnant women are estimated to be anaemic.
Polycythemia slide
Due to factors such as genetics, smoking, and living at high altitudes, polycythemia causes an increased number of red blood cells which leads to elevated levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell count. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, and skin itching. Diagnosis involves blood tests and bone marrow tests. Treatment includes phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to decrease blood cell production, and lifestyle changes like exercise and avoiding tobacco. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for blood clots, administering treatments, providing education, and addressing pain and nutrition needs.
Polycythemia
This document discusses polycythemia and polycythemic hyperviscosity in newborns. Polycythemia is an increased total red blood cell mass with a central venous hematocrit over 65%, above which blood viscosity rises exponentially. Polycythemic hyperviscosity causes increased blood viscosity from high red blood cell counts. Clinical signs result from regional effects of hyperviscosity and microthrombi formation, affecting organs like the brain, kidneys, and heart. Treatment depends on symptoms, with observation for asymptomatic infants and partial exchange transfusion considered for symptomatic infants with hematocrit over 65%.
Polycythemia iquin
This document discusses polycythemia, which refers to an increased red blood cell mass. It describes three main types: relative polycythemia caused by decreased plasma volume, secondary polycythemia caused by factors like smoking that stimulate red blood cell production, and polycythemia vera caused by a mutation in the JAK2 protein. Polycythemia vera is a chronic disorder characterized by increased red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet counts. It can cause complications like thrombosis, bleeding, pruritus and splenomegaly. Treatment involves phlebotomy and medications like hydroxyurea to reduce symptoms and risks of complications. Secondary polycythemia is usually caused by lung diseases, tumors
Surgery
medical management of atherosclerosis, beta blockers , diuretics, nitrates, this ppt is basically helpful for undergraduates and non clinical persons
Polycythemia
Polycythemia is a blood disorder characterized by an increased red blood cell count. There are two main types: primary polycythemia vera, which is a stem cell cancer caused by a JAK2 mutation; and secondary polycythemia, caused by inappropriate erythropoietin secretion in response to conditions like high altitudes or lung/heart diseases. Polycythemia vera symptoms include headache, itching, fatigue and bleeding risks. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing increased red blood cells, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels along with a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment focuses on phlebotomy and medications to reduce red blood cell counts.
What's hot (20)
anemia & other blood disease and its manifestations in oral cavity
anemia & other blood disease and its manifestations in oral cavity
Polycythemia: Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Polycythemia: Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Similar to anemia.pptx
ANEMIA PPT.pptx
nutrition in anemia , anemia ppt, food and nutrition guidelines anemia ,anemia foods , hair foods in anemia , skin foods anemia, improve hb levels
anemia.pptx
Anemia is a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin levels, resulting in a lower ability of blood to carry oxygen to tissues. There are several types and causes of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia, the most common type, is caused by inadequate iron intake or absorption. Megaloblastic anemia is caused by deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folic acid, which are needed for red blood cell formation. Hemolytic anemias involve the premature destruction of red blood cells, and can be hereditary, autoimmune, or due to infections. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels, and determine the size and content of red blood cells to identify the type of anemia present
ANAEMIA.pdf
This document provides an overview of anaemia, including its definition, causes, risk factors, pathophysiology, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, medical management, and nursing care. Key points include:
- Anaemia is a reduction in red blood cells, haemoglobin, or hematocrit, causing tissue hypoxia. It can be caused by blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, or increased red blood cell destruction.
- Common causes include iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiencies, blood loss, bone marrow disorders, and haemolytic disorders.
- Signs and symptoms vary depending on severity but can include pallor, fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.
- Diagnostic
Blood Diseases.ppt
The document provides information on several common blood disorders including an overview of blood typing and related antibodies, standard blood tests, components of blood, and details on specific disorders such as anemia, hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, hemochromatosis, Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, and acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia.
16 anemia-laboratory diagnosis
The document summarizes laboratory diagnosis of anemia. It defines anemia and discusses classification based on pathophysiology and morphology. It describes evaluation of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell indices, peripheral smear and identifies abnormalities indicative of different types of anemia. Specific tests are outlined to investigate causes like iron deficiency, folate/B12 deficiency, hemolytic anemia and bone marrow function.
Anemia Ped 5th yr1 (1).pdf
The document discusses anemias and their classification. It begins by defining anemia and noting that it is a reduction in red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin. Anemias are classified based on RBC size and hemoglobin content as hypochromic microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic. Causes can include blood loss, decreased production, or increased destruction. A thorough diagnostic approach considers the patient's history, physical exam findings, and lab tests to determine the underlying cause of the anemia. Complete blood count, RBC indices, reticulocyte count, and peripheral smear help characterize the anemia. Identifying associated symptoms and risk factors provides clues to facilitating diagnosis
Anaemia
1. Anemia is defined as a low hemoglobin level caused by underlying diseases or conditions. It is classified based on red blood cell size, cause, and bone marrow activity.
2. Common causes include blood loss, impaired red blood cell production, and increased red blood cell destruction. Symptoms vary depending on severity and can include fatigue, weakness, and palpitations.
3. Evaluation of anemia involves medical history, physical exam, hematological tests like complete blood count and peripheral smear, and other tests to identify the underlying cause. This helps determine the appropriate treatment.
Presentation on Anaemia decreasing in Hb.pptx
This document summarizes a seminar on different types of anemia. It begins with an introduction to anemia and classifications of anemia. It then covers specific types of anemia in more detail through various presentations, including hemorrhagic anemia, hemolytic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia, and anemia of chronic disease. It concludes by thanking the student presenters.
Anemia
Anemia is a major public health problem in India, especially among women and children. It can be caused by iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, chronic illnesses, parasitic infections, and other factors. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and pale skin. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure hemoglobin, red blood cell count, and other indicators. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but often involves dietary changes and iron supplements taken by mouth or via injection. Public health efforts are needed to prevent anemia through nutrition education, parasite control, and antenatal supplementation programs.
Anemia Ped 5th yr1 (1).pptx
- Anemia is defined as a reduction in red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin. It has many potential underlying causes and is a common complication in many disorders.
- A complete blood count provides important information about RBCs like hemoglobin levels, RBC count, MCV, and reticulocyte count. This helps classify anemias and determine if the bone marrow is responding appropriately.
- Taking a thorough history and physical exam can provide clues to the potential causes of anemia, like nutritional deficiencies, infections, hereditary disorders, medications, or other underlying illnesses. Certain physical findings may point to specific conditions like hepatosplenomegaly in hemolytic anem
Presentation blood disoreder
This seminar discusses various blood disorders and their oral manifestations. It covers anemias including iron deficiency, B12 deficiency, aplastic, and sickle cell. Leukemias, multiple myeloma, and lymphomas are discussed. Platelet disorders like hemophilia and purpura are also summarized. Key oral signs of these disorders include pallor, bleeding, ulcers, discoloration, and infections. Diagnosis involves blood tests and management includes supplements, transfusions, antibiotics or chemotherapy depending on the specific disorder.
Anemias.pptx
Anemia is a condition where the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen due to low red blood cell (RBC) count, low hemoglobin, or low hematocrit levels. It can be caused by blood loss, nutritional deficiencies, decreased RBC production, increased RBC destruction, or bone marrow disorders. Diagnosis involves examining the patient's history and symptoms, physical signs, and lab tests like complete blood count, RBC indices, blood smear, and iron/B12 levels. This helps classify the anemia and identify its underlying cause so that appropriate targeted treatment can be given.
Anemia classification, cf, lab diagnosis
This document provides an overview of anemia, including its classification, causes, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, and pathophysiology.
Anemia is defined as a hemoglobin level below the normal range based on age and sex. It can be classified based on red blood cell size (microcytic, normocytic, macrocytic) or pathophysiology (blood loss, impaired RBC production, increased RBC destruction). Common causes include iron deficiency, B12/folate deficiency, blood loss, hemolytic disorders, and bone marrow disorders.
Clinical features depend on the severity and speed of onset of anemia. Laboratory evaluation includes complete blood count, RBC indices, peripheral smear, and additional
Hemolytic anemia in children
This document provides an overview of hemolytic anemia in children. It defines hemolytic anemia as anemia resulting from increased red blood cell destruction. The document describes the different types of hemolytic anemia including hereditary, immune, and non-immune causes. It outlines the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic approach and management of common forms of hemolytic anemia in children such as hereditary spherocytosis, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, and G6PD deficiency. Investigations for diagnosis include blood counts, peripheral smear, reticulocyte count, hemoglobin electrophoresis and enzyme or genetic testing depending on etiology.
Anaemia (NEW).pptx
This document provides an overview of anaemia, including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, investigations, diagnosis, treatment, complications and prevention. Anaemia is defined as a low level of hemoglobin in the blood. It affects about 30% of the global population and is commonly caused by multiple factors like nutritional deficiencies, blood loss, and increased red blood cell destruction. Clinical features are non-specific and include pallor, fatigue, and breathlessness. Investigations include complete blood count, peripheral smear, iron studies, and bone marrow examination. Treatment involves identifying and treating the underlying cause, as well as oral or intravenous iron, folic acid, vitamin B12 supplementation, or blood transfusions as needed.
Hemolytic anemia 3
Hemolytic anemias are a group of disorders characterized by premature destruction of red blood cells exceeding the bone marrow's ability to produce new cells. They can be classified as hereditary or acquired, and involve intracorpuscular or extracorpuscular hemolysis. Common causes include abnormalities of red blood cell enzymes or membrane, autoimmune reactions, infections, and extrinsic factors like hypersplenism. Clinical manifestations vary but often include anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly. Laboratory findings provide evidence of increased red blood cell destruction and bone marrow compensation. Membrane disorders like hereditary spherocytosis and elliptocytosis are caused by genetic defects affecting membrane proteins.
Anemia (iron deficiency anemia)
This document discusses iron deficiency anemia. It begins by classifying anemias based on red blood cell morphology and etiology. Iron deficiency anemia is then explained in more detail. The symptoms, absorption of iron, and laboratory tests are summarized. The risks factors, treatment involving iron supplements, and prevention through an iron-rich diet are highlighted.
Anemia (Investigatory project) class 11
Anaemia results from a lack of red blood cells or dysfunctional red blood cells in the body. This leads to reduced oxygen flow to the body's organs.
Symptoms may include fatigue, skin pallor, shortness of breath, lightheadness, dizziness or a fast heartbeat.
Treatment depends on the underlying diagnosis. Iron supplements may be used for iron deficiency. Vitamin B supplements maybe used for low vitamin levels. Blood transfusions may be used for blood loss. Medications to induce blood formation may be used if the body’s blood production is reduced.
Similar to anemia.pptx (20)
Medical surgicalnursing-Anemia-ppt-Raafat-pptx.pptx
Medical surgicalnursing-Anemia-ppt-Raafat-pptx.pptx
More from Shubham Shukla
tuberculosis-150808111627-lva1-app6891.pdf
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the lungs. It can spread through droplets in the air from coughing or sneezing. Symptoms include coughing, chest pain, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves sputum tests, chest x-rays, and tuberculin skin tests. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics taken for 6-9 months. Preventive measures include BCG vaccination, isolation, and proper ventilation. Drug-resistant TB strains like MDR-TB and XDR-TB require longer and more toxic treatment regimens. HIV co-infection increases the risk of active TB disease.
Autonomic nervous system.pptx
The nervous system controls and coordinates the activities of the body. It has both voluntary and involuntary functions. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion. It has two divisions - the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems which generally have opposing effects on organs. The sympathetic system prepares the body for fight or flight while the parasympathetic maintains normal functions. Dysfunctions of the autonomic nervous system can cause issues like high blood pressure, digestive problems, and more.
LIVER [Autosaved](1).pptx
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viral infections, alcohol, medications, toxins, and autoimmune diseases. The liver performs many important functions including producing chemicals and nutrients, removing waste, and guarding against infection. Hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E are the most common causes of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis can range from an acute infection that heals on its own to a chronic infection that causes long-term liver damage. Treatment and lifestyle changes can help manage hepatitis and prevent further liver damage.
#Tests for detection of Vish-PPT Final#.pptx
Dr. Sunita Rajput gave a lecture on ancient and modern techniques for detecting poisons. In ancient times, tests included examining poisoned materials in animals, burning materials and analyzing the characteristics. Symptoms were analyzed according to poison type, administration method, site of poisoning, and material used. Modern techniques include analyzing vomit, stool, pupils, symptoms and preserved viscera through techniques like chromatography, spectroscopy, and immunoassay to detect specific poisons.
Environmental toxicology.pptx
Environmental toxicology deals with the harmful impacts of pollutants on living organisms. Pollutants include chemicals present in the air, soil, and water due to human activity. More than 60,000 chemicals are in common use and pollution is increasing due to industrialization. Pollution can cause respiratory issues, central nervous system depression, and acute toxicity. Ecotoxicology examines the effects of pollutants on ecosystems and communities. Major types of pollution include water, air, and land pollution which can contaminate resources and spread disease. Chemical, biological, nuclear and radiological weapons can also harm humans through inhalation, ingestion and absorption.
SHUBHAM SHUKLA ROLL NO - 47 SNAKE BITE.pptx
This document provides an overview of snake bites, including:
- Epidemiology data showing millions of snake bites globally each year resulting in tens of thousands of deaths
- Classification of venomous snakes into the Elapidae and Viperidae families
- Signs and symptoms of bites from common poisonous Indian snakes like cobras, kraits, and vipers which can include local effects, paralysis, hemorrhaging, and death from respiratory or cardiac failure
- Differences in symptoms and progression between neurotoxic and hemotoxic snake bites
- Diagnosis involving tests of muscle function and blood coagulation
- Management involving first aid, antivenom administration, and supportive care
- Possible post-mortem findings depending
Respiratory system and lungs.pptx
The document summarizes key aspects of respiratory anatomy and physiology. It describes the structure and function of the lungs, including details on lobes and fissures, vascular and lymphatic supply, innervation and development. It also discusses common respiratory diseases and clinical relevance of respiratory anatomy, such as in bronchoscopy, pneumonia, tuberculosis, asthma and lung cancer.
Ulcerative collitis.pptx
Ulcerative colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the colon. It has various symptoms depending on how much of the colon is affected, including bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. The exact causes are unclear but may involve genetics, environment, and immune system issues. Treatment focuses on managing active symptoms through medications like aminosalicylates, steroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. Surgery to remove all or part of the colon may be needed if other treatments are not effective.
Rheumatoid Arthritis.pptx
This document provides an overview of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and management. RA is a chronic autoimmune disorder causing symmetrical polyarthritis, most commonly affecting the small joints of the hands and feet. It results from a breakdown of self-tolerance and cytokine-mediated inflammation that leads to joint destruction. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, serology tests, and x-ray findings. Treatment involves NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and disease-modifying drugs to suppress symptoms and prevent long-term joint damage.
obesity .ppt
This document provides an overview of obesity including its definition, measurement, types, causes, health complications, and management. It begins with defining obesity as an excess accumulation of body fat that can impair health. It then discusses several methods for measuring obesity including BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and skinfold thickness. The document also covers the types, causes at various biological levels, health effects involving metabolic, cardiovascular and other risks, as well as approaches for treatment including lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery.
Symptoms Signs and Investigations in Cardiovascular Disease.pptx
This document summarizes common symptoms and signs seen in cardiovascular disease. It describes symptoms like breathlessness, chest pain, palpitations, edema and fatigue. Physical exam findings covered include vital signs, jugular venous pressure, heart sounds and murmurs. A detailed cardiac exam is outlined checking pulse, blood pressure, precordium, auscultation of heart sounds and murmurs in different areas. Other relevant exams of lungs and abdomen are also mentioned.
sciatica final.pptx
Sciatica is a sharp shooting pain in the lower extremity caused by irritation of the sciatic nerve. The pain is felt from the lower back down the back of the thigh and leg. Common causes include herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis. Symptoms include radiating pain, numbness, and tingling from the back through the leg. Diagnosis involves physical exams and imaging tests like MRI. Treatment focuses on self-care methods like stretching and pain medication.
rheumatic fever.ppsx
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after strep throat or scarlet fever infections. It causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle. Symptoms include fever, painful joints, rashes, and involuntary movements. It is caused by an immune response to streptococcus bacteria that allows antibodies to attack heart and joint tissues. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and testing is needed to monitor heart complications. Treatment focuses on preventing recurrent infections and reducing inflammation and symptoms.
UTI.pptx
This document provides an overview of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It discusses the epidemiology, etiology, classification, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of UTIs. UTIs are common, especially in women, and are usually caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract and ascending to the bladder or kidneys. Symptoms vary depending on the location and severity of infection. Diagnosis involves urinalysis and culture. Treatment involves antibiotics targeted to the specific pathogen.
Skin diseases.pptx
This document provides information about various skin diseases and disorders. It begins by defining different primary skin lesions such as macules, papules, nodules, etc. It then classifies skin disorders into five main categories: acute inflammatory dermatoses, chronic inflammatory dermatoses, infectious dermatoses, blistering disorders, and skin tumors. Examples of specific conditions are provided for each category. More detail is given about conditions like eczema, urticaria, pemphigus, and psoriasis - outlining their pathogenesis, clinical features, types, treatment and more. In summary, the document covers a wide range of skin diseases and lesions at both a high level and with more in-depth explanations of
THYROID'.pptx
This document provides an overview of the thyroid gland and thyroid disorders. It discusses the location and function of the thyroid gland and the hormones it produces. It then describes different thyroid disorders like hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, thyroiditis, and goiter. It provides details on the causes, symptoms, and treatment of these conditions. It also discusses the epidemiology of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The document concludes with sections on thyroid disease and pregnancy, Ayurvedic treatment approaches, and diagnostic blood and imaging tests for thyroid conditions.
OSTEOPOROSIS.pptx
This document provides an overview of osteoporosis, including its definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, classification, clinical features, risk factors, investigations, and management. Osteoporosis is defined by reduced bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, increasing the risk of fractures. It most commonly causes fractures of the forearm, spine, and hip. Risk factors include low bone mass, hormonal changes, smoking, low body weight, and nutritional deficiencies. Diagnosis involves bone mineral density tests and laboratory tests. Treatment includes lifestyle modifications, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, exercise, and pharmacological therapies.
More from Shubham Shukla (20)
Symptoms Signs and Investigations in Cardiovascular Disease.pptx
Symptoms Signs and Investigations in Cardiovascular Disease.pptx
Recently uploaded
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
we have mentioned the best 10 ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups. You can check all these products and choose the best one for yourself.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Learn about body grief and ways to cope with it. We will also explore methods to heal from this challenging experience.
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Avartana Sneha is a unique method of Preparation of Sneha Kalpana in Ayurveda, mainly it is indicated for the Vataja rogas.
Recently uploaded (20)
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
anemia.pptx
- 1. Anemia By: Abhishek Vishwakarma Batch-2017-18
- 2. • What is anemia • What are symptoms and signs of anemia • What is classification and different types of anemia • What are causes of different types of anemia Learning Objectives
- 3. Anaemia • Significant reduction (at least 10 %) in circulating red cell mass or their hemoglobin content appropriate for the age and sex, leading to corresponding decrease in the Oxygen - carrying capacity of blood. • WHO criteria - Hb < 13 gm/dl in men & Hb < 12 gm/dl in women Normal Appearance Pallor due to
- 5. Approach to diagnosis for a case of anemia- Understanding Anemia • What are patients complaints- (Symptoms) • What are findings in patients on examination- (Signs) • Probable diagnosis of anemia • Investigations – RBCs count, Hb esti. and PCV – Hematological Indices to reach to near the diagnosis - Specific tests for final diagnosis
- 6. Presentation of Anemia What are patients complaints- (Symptoms) What are findings in patients on examination- (Signs) In anemia, body lacks oxygen, so following signs & symptoms may be experienced:
- 7. Fe++ is required for Heme Synthesis (↓ Haemoglobin) Decreased Red Cell Production- Nutritional Deficiency- Iron Deficiency Causes of Iron deficiency anemia:
- 8. Clinical Features: During Early Phase- General for anemia Iron Therapy : Decreased Red Cell Production- Nutritional Deficiency- Iron Deficiency
- 9. Pathophysiology • Decreased Red Cell Production- Nutritional Deficiency- Maturation factors Deficiency (Megaloblastic Anaemia)
- 10. Causes:
- 12. Decreased Blood Cells Production - Dysplastic / Aplastic Anaemia Primary Secondary Causes: Bone marrow is the site of Blood ce
- 14. Decreased Red Cell Production - Anaemis of chronic disease Pathophysiology Causes
- 15. Decreased Red Cell Survival - Hemolytic anemia- Intracorpuscular Defect- Pathophysiology Causes
- 16. Pathophysiology - Decreased Red Cell Survival - Hemolytic anemia- Hereditary Spherocytosis
- 17. Pathophysiology Decreased Red Cell Survival - Hemolytic anemia- Glucose-6-PO4 – Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- 18. Most common of haemoglobinopathies- Sickle Cell Anaemia Thalassemia Decreased Red Cell Survival - Hemolytic anemia- Globin chain Synthesis abnormality-
- 19. Decreased Red Cell Survival - Extra corpuscular Hemolytic Anemia -Acquired disorder-Nonimmune hemolytic anemias Chemicals and drugs - Animal venoms – Infectious agents – Caused by physical injury to RBCs
- 20. Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia (AIHA) : ▪ Warm antibody hemolytic anemia -▪ Cold antibody hemolytic anemia Decreased Red Cell Survival - Extra corpuscular Hemolytic Anemia -Acquired disorder-Immuno hemolytic anemias
- 21. Decreased Red Cell Survival - Extra corpuscular Hemolytic Anemia -Acquired disorder-Immuno hemolytic anemias
- 22. Acute blood loss anemia, also called hemorrhagic anemia, occurs due to acute hemorrhage (bleeding). Decreased Red Cell Survival - Post hemorrhagic anemia
- 23. Significant reduction (at least 10 %) in circulating …………or their ……………………appropriate for the age and sex, leading to corresponding decrease in the …………………………of blood. WHO criteria - Hb < ……. gm/dl in men & Hb < ……. gm/dl in women. ……………………………….type of Anemia includes Iron deficiency, Thalassemia, lead poisoning MCV-……………the causes include Vit B12 and/or Folic acid Deficiency Chronic blood loss leads Self Assessment
- 24. Thank you