Hemoglobin and Level of Hemoglobin Required in the Body
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Hemoglobin is a protein present in the red blood cells. The red color pigmentation of the blood is because of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the primary oxygen-carrying protein that circulates throughout the blood.
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Thalassemia
This document discusses thalassemia, an inherited blood disorder characterized by reduced hemoglobin. There are two main types: alpha thalassemia affects alpha globin gene production, while beta thalassemia affects beta globin genes. Beta thalassemia includes three severities - minor, intermedia, and major ("Cooley's anemia"). Thalassemia is caused by mutations in genes responsible for hemoglobin production, leading to anemia. Management includes frequent blood transfusions, stem cell transplants, folic acid supplements, and monitoring for infections.
Polycythemia
Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in red blood cells. It can be primary, caused by bone marrow abnormalities, or secondary, caused by factors like smoking or lung diseases that result in hypoxia. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, and skin redness or itching. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated red blood cell counts. Treatment may include phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to suppress blood cell production, and lifestyle changes like exercise and avoiding tobacco. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for blood clots, managing pain and nutrition, and providing education.
Polycythemia slide
Due to factors such as genetics, smoking, and living at high altitudes, polycythemia causes an increased number of red blood cells which leads to elevated levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell count. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, and skin itching. Diagnosis involves blood tests and bone marrow tests. Treatment includes phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to decrease blood cell production, and lifestyle changes like exercise and avoiding tobacco. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for blood clots, administering treatments, providing education, and addressing pain and nutrition needs.
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Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by variants or missing genes that affect hemoglobin production. This results in reduced red blood cells and mild to severe anemia. There are two main types - alpha and beta thalassemia. Symptoms range from none in minor cases to severe anemia requiring transfusions in major cases. Investigations include blood tests to check hemoglobin levels, red blood cell size and count, and hemoglobin electrophoresis to confirm the diagnosis. Management focuses on blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy to prevent organ damage from excess iron.
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This document discusses polycythemia, a disease characterized by an increased number of red blood cells. It describes three main types of polycythemia: absolute polycythemia, which is caused by overproduction of red blood cells in the bone marrow; primary polycythemia, where the levels of white blood cells and platelets are also increased; and relative polycythemia, which results from a decreased blood plasma volume. The document lists potential causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests and treatments to lower the number of red blood cells in cases of polycythemia.
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Polycythemia slide
Due to factors such as genetics, smoking, and living at high altitudes, polycythemia causes an increased number of red blood cells which leads to elevated levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell count. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, and skin itching. Diagnosis involves blood tests and bone marrow tests. Treatment includes phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to decrease blood cell production, and lifestyle changes like exercise and avoiding tobacco. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for blood clots, administering treatments, providing education, and addressing pain and nutrition needs.
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A 23-year-old Filipino woman presents with fatigue, lack of appetite, pale skin, dark urine, and abdominal swelling. An initial diagnosis of beta-thalassemia is considered due to her symptoms. Tests would include a blood smear, hemoglobin analysis, and red blood cell count to check for microcytic hypochromic anemia, which are consistent with beta-thalassemia. Beta-thalassemia is a blood disorder where reduced hemoglobin production causes anemia.
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This document defines anemia as a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin that reduces oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood. It notes normal red blood cell counts differ between males and females and lists several risk factors for anemia including poor diet, menstrual periods, pregnancy, and chronic illnesses. The document classifies anemias and discusses symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatments which include iron supplements, vitamins, medications, and blood transfusions depending on the underlying cause of the anemia.
Blood disorders
Anemia is a medical condition where the red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels are lower than normal. It can be caused by blood loss, nutritional deficiencies, or conditions that impair red blood cell production. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include iron supplements, vitamin supplements, blood transfusions, or medications. Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by a genetic defect that impairs hemoglobin production, leading to anemia. There are different types depending on which globin chain is affected. Symptoms range from mild to severe and include fatigue, jaundice, and
Thalassemia
This document discusses thalassemia, a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by reduced or absent hemoglobin production. There are three main types: thalassemia minor causes no symptoms; thalassemia major requires lifelong blood transfusions and causes severe anemia symptoms from infancy; thalassemia intermedia causes variable non-transfusion dependent anemia that can worsen during times of stress. Long term complications of thalassemia include anemia, bone and growth problems, iron overload, and organ damage to the liver, heart, and endocrine system. Treatment focuses on blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and managing complications.
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Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia caused by low iron levels. It develops when iron loss from bleeding or inadequate dietary iron intake exceeds the amount the body absorbs. Symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath, and irregular heartbeat. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure hemoglobin and iron levels. Treatment focuses on oral iron supplements and improving iron intake through diet.
Iron deficiency anemia
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia globally. It is caused by low iron levels which prevents adequate hemoglobin production. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. Treatment involves oral or intravenous iron supplementation to replenish iron stores depending on the severity and underlying cause of the anemia. Oral iron is usually the first line treatment but intravenous iron may be needed if oral iron is not absorbed or anemia does not improve. Both forms can cause side effects but are generally safe and effective ways to treat iron deficiency anemia.
Hemolytic anemia in children
This document provides an overview of hemolytic anemia in children. It defines hemolytic anemia as anemia resulting from increased red blood cell destruction. The document describes the different types of hemolytic anemia including hereditary, immune, and non-immune causes. It outlines the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic approach and management of common forms of hemolytic anemia in children such as hereditary spherocytosis, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, and G6PD deficiency. Investigations for diagnosis include blood counts, peripheral smear, reticulocyte count, hemoglobin electrophoresis and enzyme or genetic testing depending on etiology.
Endocrine system suffixes
This document discusses suffixes related to conditions of the endocrine system. The suffix -emia refers to the presence of a substance in the blood and is seen in conditions like anemia, septicemia, and hyperlipidemia. Anemia is a lack of red blood cells, septicemia involves bacteria in the bloodstream, and hyperlipidemia is high cholesterol levels. The suffix -dipsia means thirst and is seen in hypodipsia, meaning low fluid intake, and polydipsia, meaning excessive thirst often from conditions like diabetes.
Haemolytic anemia pratyasha paripurna
Hemolytic anemia occurs when the destruction of red blood cells outpaces their production. It can develop intrinsically due to abnormalities in red blood cells, such as in sickle cell anemia or thalassemia. Or it can occur extrinsically due to infection, autoimmune disorders, medications or splenic sequestration of normal red blood cells. Symptoms include pallor, fatigue, jaundice and dark urine. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include blood transfusions, medications to suppress the immune system, splenectomy or stem cell transplant.
Blood tests
This document provides information about various types of blood tests, including their purpose and normal ranges. It discusses common blood tests such as complete blood count, lipid profile, liver function tests, electrolytes, troponin, blood glucose, and others. The tests check for conditions like anemia, infections, kidney function, diabetes, and heart disease. Knowing the results of blood tests is important for diagnosing health issues and monitoring treatment effectiveness.
Anemia
This document provides an overview of anemia, including its definition, classifications, causes, and methods of diagnosis. Anemia is classified based on pathophysiology (increased blood loss, impaired red blood cell production, increased destruction), morphology (microcytic/hypochromic, normocytic/normochromic, macrocytic/normochromic), and function (hypoproliferative, ineffective, hemolytic). Common causes of different types of anemia are outlined. Laboratory tests including red blood cell indices help diagnose the type of anemia and indicate the underlying cause.
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Hemoglobin and Level of Hemoglobin Required in the Body
- 1. Hemoglobin and Level of Hemoglobin By SeekHealthZ
- 2. Hemoglobin • It is a protein present in the red blood cells. • The red color pigmentation of the blood is because of hemoglobin. • Also, called has metalloprotein. Since it contains co-factor or supporting element. • Complete Blood Count (CBC) is blood test used to test level of hemoglobin.
- 3. Normal levels of hemoglobin Normal levels of hemoglobin ( grams present per deciliter) Newborns 17 to 21 gm/dL One month old 11 to 14 gm/dL Children 12 to 14 gm/dL Male 14 to 18 gm/dL Female 12 to 16 gm/dL Men above 40 years or above 12.4 to 14.9 gm/dL Women above 40 years or above 11.7 to 13.8 gm/dL
- 4. Low Hemoglobin level • This conditions is also called as “Anemia”. • Caused by low red blood cells count (RBC) Reference ranges of Hemoglobin levels Men < 13gm/100ml Women < 11.5gm/100ml
- 5. Causes of Low hemoglobin level • Hemolysis • Liver cirrhosis • Thalassemia • Blood donation • Hormonal imbalance • Vitamin/Iron deficiency • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia • Bleeding resulting from an injury
- 6. Low hemoglobin level Symptoms • Drowsiness • Headaches • Shortness of breath • Pale or yellow skin • Brittle nails • Joint pains • Unable to do physical activities
- 7. High Hemoglobin levels • Note people who live at higher altitudes have this condition. • Usually seen in chain smokers.
- 8. Causes of High Hemoglobin levels • Heart diseases • Lung disorders • Polycythemia • Bone marrow defects • Liver Diseases like Emphysem • Certain blood cancers • Congenital heart diseases
- 9. High Hemoglobin level Symptoms • Frequent urination • Bluish discoloration of hands and legs which is termed as Peripheral cyanosis • The limitation of the blood flow to the tissues leads to symptoms similar to Anemia
- 10. How to reduce Hemoglobin levels Blood donation • Prefer low altitudes • Increase physical activity • Quit Smoking • Sufficient hydration • Phlebotomy • Avoid vitamin C and iron-enriched foods • Avoid multivitamins and iron supplements