This document provides background information on Egyptian mythology and discusses several key topics:
1. It outlines the objectives of studying Egyptian mythology which are to discuss Egyptian gods and goddesses, creation myths, and appreciate the values learned.
2. It then provides historical context on ancient Egypt from unification in 3100 BC until conquest by Alexander the Great in 332 BC.
3. The main body covers religious centers in Egypt like Memphis and Heliopolis, important gods and goddesses, and creation stories from these different centers including the stories of Atum, Ptah, and Osiris.
4. Sources of mythology like the Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts, and Book of
Egyptian religion had ancient origins and lasted for at least 3,500 years. The Egyptians saw divinity in everything — in river, desert, and vegetation; in the sun, moon, and stars; in animals and kings; in birth and death. They created a vast and confusing multitude of gods.
Egyptian religion had ancient origins and lasted for at least 3,500 years. The Egyptians saw divinity in everything — in river, desert, and vegetation; in the sun, moon, and stars; in animals and kings; in birth and death. They created a vast and confusing multitude of gods.
Egyptian literature traces its beginnings to ancient Egypt and is some of the earliest known literature. Indeed, the Egyptians were the first culture to develop literature as we know it today, that is, the book.
This was for LIT 208 (Mythology and Folklore).
It includes s\topics such as Egyptian Creation myth, gods and goddesses, mythical creatures and folklore.
Has some videos to aid in the instruction.
Notes are also included within the presentation.
This presentation is about the reason of War of Troy and also life of Helen
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Without the Nile, the rise of Egypt as one of the oldest civilization would not be possible. Travellers to Egypt would be surprise to find the desert is never very far from the Nile. The predictable cycle of flooding of the Nile was a blessing, a major factor to enable civilization to put down its roots in Egypt. This presentation can only give you a briefest of all introductions. It touches upon the deep rooted origin of the Egyptian civilization, it sketches all the important monuments and marks major turning points in their history for its 3000 years of existence. After centuries later, its people disappeared. It civilization forgotten. Though the ruins of their monument and in particular their writing, we began to rediscover their world again, their people, their culture, their religion and their history. We know a lot about their ancient Egypt, perhaps more than others civilization of the time, because they left us with a lot of records in writing. What we have found are fascinations, a human ascend in our long journey to civilization
Egyptian literature traces its beginnings to ancient Egypt and is some of the earliest known literature. Indeed, the Egyptians were the first culture to develop literature as we know it today, that is, the book.
This was for LIT 208 (Mythology and Folklore).
It includes s\topics such as Egyptian Creation myth, gods and goddesses, mythical creatures and folklore.
Has some videos to aid in the instruction.
Notes are also included within the presentation.
This presentation is about the reason of War of Troy and also life of Helen
Historic presentation
Language : English
You can use this presentation, feel free and enjoy it
Who wants presentation about anything with new slide just write comment
If you have any words to say, you can share your thoughts
Please like and share it
Also follow me that get new presentation
Without the Nile, the rise of Egypt as one of the oldest civilization would not be possible. Travellers to Egypt would be surprise to find the desert is never very far from the Nile. The predictable cycle of flooding of the Nile was a blessing, a major factor to enable civilization to put down its roots in Egypt. This presentation can only give you a briefest of all introductions. It touches upon the deep rooted origin of the Egyptian civilization, it sketches all the important monuments and marks major turning points in their history for its 3000 years of existence. After centuries later, its people disappeared. It civilization forgotten. Though the ruins of their monument and in particular their writing, we began to rediscover their world again, their people, their culture, their religion and their history. We know a lot about their ancient Egypt, perhaps more than others civilization of the time, because they left us with a lot of records in writing. What we have found are fascinations, a human ascend in our long journey to civilization
Without the Nile, the rise of Egypt as one of the oldest civilization would not be possible. Travellers to Egypt would be surprise to find the desert is never very far from the Nile. The predictable cycle of flooding of the Nile was a blessing, a major factor to enable civilization to put down its roots in Egypt.
This presentation can only give you a briefest of all introductions. It touches upon the deep rooted origin of the Egyptian civilization, it sketches all the important monuments and marks major turning points in their history for its 3000 years of existence. After centuries later, its people disappeared. It civilization forgotten. Though the ruins of their monument and in particular their writing, we began to rediscover their world again, their people, their culture, their religion and their history. We know a lot about their ancient Egypt, perhaps more than others civilization of the time, because they left us with a lot of records in writing. What we have found are fascinations, a human ascend in our long journey to civilization
Ancient Egypt1The Civilization of the Nile River V.docxdurantheseldine
Ancient Egypt
1
The Civilization of the Nile River Valley: Egypt
Geography – Isolated by deserts on both sides.
The Nile’s periodic flooding made civilized life possible in Egypt. During drought or famine, Egypt was the place to go because Egypt always has water (cf. the story of Joseph and his brothers in Genesis).
The kingdom was divided into two parts: Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt (Upper Egypt is in the south), with Lower Egypt being a bit more cosmopolitan than Upper Egypt.
Unlike Mesopotamia, stone was plentiful.
2
Pre-Dynastic Egypt: There is some evidence that very early on (3400-3200 BC), Egypt was influenced by Mesopotamia (corresponds to Jemnet Nasr period at Uruk). The evidence includes:
the use of rectangular sun-dried mud-brick in building,
the use of cylinder seals only during this time (Egypt usually used stamp-seals before and after this period),
pictographic writing (the “idea” comes from Mesopotamia),
the idea of kingship, social stratification and specialization,
certain kinds of painted pottery,
and pictures of twisted animals and battling with animals.
This contact may explain Egypt’s sudden explosion into a complex, advanced civilization with writing. The use of mud-brick is peculiar, noting the abundance of stone. There is evidence, however, that the development begins in Upper Egypt (i.e., the south). Two distinct cultures, the Upper, with social stratification and royal artistic expression, etc., and the Lower, with contacts in Palestine, etc.
Egypt seems to go from the Neolithic to a complex civilization overnight. Linear development is not apparent. Agriculture appears to be introduced from outside.
The Pharaoh (the king) is somehow responsible for the yearly success of the Nile. His throne was Isis, the wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus. The king is identified with Horus.
Egypt seeks to portray changeless continuity over thousands of years. This is somewhat true, but not entirely accurate. Ancient Egypt went through a few periods of relative chaos or lack of centralized power. Egypt, however, as is well known, chose not to usually record such periods for posterity.
4
Map of Egypt
5
Egyptian history begins with King Narmer
Narmer united Upper and Lower Egypt
He is likely the same person as Menes
Mizraim is often the Hebrew name for Egypt
The combination of the two crowns appears.
This is the beginning of the First Dynasty, and of Egyptian history
He established his capital at the new city of Memphis (= neutral ground)
It was a new city, said to have arisen out of the ground when Narmer diverted the Nile.
The royal burial grounds of Saqqara and Giza are located nearby.
The uniting of Egypt is commemorated on the Palette of King Narmer (fig. 2.3)
Egyptian artistic canon for relief figures is manifested:
head and feet in profile, with one foot forward, but eye and shoulders shown frontally (cf. fig. 2.2)
This is the beginning of Egypt’s Bronze Age
It is also the beginning of Egy.
A parallel between the shift between the Bronze Age to the Iron Age and the decline of Egyptian civilization. Accelerated by interruption of culture continuity through the temples' priesthood.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. Objectives:
At the end of the discussion, the
students should be able to:
1.Discuss Egyptian mythology,
2.Identify the Ancient Egyptian gods
and goddesses and their roles in
Egyptian myth,
3.Explain an example of Egyptian
creation myth using symbolisms and
archetypes,
4.Appreciate the values and
knowledge learned.
3. For almost 30 centuries—from its Unification
around 3100 B.C. to its conquest by Alexander
the Great in 332 B.C.—ancient Egypt was the
preeminent civilization in the Mediterranean
world. From the great pyramids of the Old
Kingdom through the military conquests of the
New Kingdom, Egypt's majesty has long
entranced archaeologists and historians and
created a vibrant field of study all its own:
Egyptology. The main sources of information
about ancient Egypt are the many monuments,
objects and artifacts that have been recovered
from archaeological sites, covered with
hieroglyphs that have only recently been
deciphered. The picture that emerges is of a
culture with few equals in the beauty of its art,
the accomplishment of its architecture or the
richness of its religious traditions.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3Wvw6BivVI
BACKGROUND
4. Built during a time when Egypt was one of the richest and
most powerful civilizations in the world, the pyramids—
especially the Great Pyramids of Giza—are some of the most
magnificent man-made structures in history. Their massive
scale reflects the unique role that the pharaoh, or king,
played in ancient Egyptian society. Though pyramids were
built from the beginning of the Old Kingdom to the close of
the Ptolemaic period in the fourth century A.D., the peak of
pyramid building began with the late third dynasty and
continued until roughly the sixth (c. 2325 B.C.). More than
4,000 years later, the Egyptian pyramids still retain much of
their majesty, providing a glimpse into the country's rich and
glorious past.
http
://www.history.com/topics/the-egyptian-pyramids/videos#deconstructing-history-the-gr
BACKGROUND (CONTINUED)
5. Ancient Egypt's gods and goddesses looked at least partly like humans
and behaved a bit like us, too. Some deities had animal features, like
heads, on top of humanoid bodies. Since they were gods, people were
supposed to worship them. There wasn't one right way to do this
throughout all of Egyptian history and in all places. Different cities and
different pharaohs favored one set of gods over another.
EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY: BACKGROUND
6. Anubis
The god of funerals. He is depicted as half
man, half jackal.
Bastet
The goddess of protection. She was seen
as half human, half cat.
Horus
Was the son of Isis and Osiris. The
protector of pharaohs. Viewed as half
falcon, half human.
Isis
Osiris’s wife and sister. She was the
goddess of life. Shown as a beautiful
woman
A GLIMPSE TO EGYPTIAN
MYTHOLOGY:
GODS AND GODDESSES
7. Nut
The goddess of the sky. She is depicted as
blue with stars covering her body and the sky
on her back.
Osiris
The god of death. Osiris is depicted a s a
pharaoh. He is brother of Set and Isis (also
her husband). He is the son of Nut and the
father of Horus.
Re/Ra
The god of the sun. He was the ruler of
everything.
Set
Brother of Osiris, he is the god of chaos, evil,
and storms. He is depicted as composite
animals.
EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY:
GODS AND GODDESSES
(CONTINUED)
8. The ancient Egyptians believed that temples were the homes of the gods
and goddesses. Every temple was dedicated to a god or goddess and he or
she was worshipped there by the temple priests and the pharaoh.
The large temple buildings were made of stone so that they would last
“forever”. Their walls were covered with scenes that were carved onto the
stone then brightly painted. These scenes showed the pharaoh fighting in
battles and performing rituals with the gods and goddesses.
EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY: WORSHIP
10. The Sphinx
Buried for most of its life in the desert sand, an air of mystery has always
surrounded the Great Sphinx, causing speculation about its age and purpose,
method of construction, concealed chambers, role in prophesy, and relationship to
the equally mysterious pyramids.
The monument is the largest surviving sculpture from the ancient world, measuring
73.5m in length and in parts 20m in height. Part of the uraeus (sacred cobra which
protected from evil forces), the nose and the ritual beard are missing; the beard is
now displayed in the British Museum. The extensions at the side of the head are
part of the royal head cloth. Although the head of the Sphinx has been badly
affected by thousands of years of erosion, traces of the original paint can still be
seen near one ear.
It is thought that originally the Sphinx’s face was painted dark red. A small temple
between its paws contained dozens of inscribed steal placed by the Pharaohs in
honor of the Sun god
EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY: MYSTERIES
12. The Rosetta Stone
The Rosetta Stone, which is housed in the British Museum, is a black, possibly
basalt slab with three languages on it (Greek, demotic and hieroglyphs) each
saying the same thing. Because the words are translated into the other
languages, it provided Jean-Francois Champollion the key to the mystery of
Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Discovered at Rosette in 1799, by Napoleon's army, the Rosetta Stone proved
the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs. The person who found it was Pierre
Francois-Xavier Bouchards, a French officer of engineers. It was sent to the
Institut d'Egypte in Cairo and then taken to London in 1802.
EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY: MYSTERIES
14. King Tutankhamen
Very interesting stories of the boy king. He died at the young at of 19. There was the “kings curse” that
whomever entered the tomb of King Tut would die shortly.
King Ramesses II
He had lived a long life of 96 years, having many wives, sons, and daughters. He is famous for his long
life and his great temple.
King Hatshepsut
Queen Hatshepsut reigned over Egypt for more than 20 years. She served as queen alongside her
husband, Thutmose II, but after his death claimed the role of pharaoh while acting as regent to her
nephew, Thutmose III. She reigned peaceably, building temples and monuments, resulting in the flourish
of Egypt. After her death, Thutmose III erased her inscriptions and tried to eradicate her memory.
Queen Cleopatra
The struggle with her teenage brother over the throne of Egypt was not going as well as Cleopatra VII had
hoped. In 49 B.C., Pharaoh Ptolemy XIII—also her husband and, by the terms of their father's will, her co-
ruler—had driven his sister from the palace at Alexandria after Cleopatra attempted to make herself the
sole sovereign. The queen, then in her early twenties, fled to Syria and returned with a mercenary army,
setting up camp just outside the capital.
NOTABLE EGYPTIAN KINGS AND QUEENS
15. History Channel. Egyptian pyramids. Retrieved from
http://www.history.com/topics/the-egyptian-pyramids/videos
Gill, N. S. Retrieved from http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/egypt/p/
rosettastone.htm
N.S., G. Retrieved from
http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/egyptmyth/tp/
071507egyptiandeities.htm
Kidder, B. Retrieved from http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/temples/
home.html
Schiff (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ancient.eu.com/article/236/
WORK CITED PAGE
21. Official state religion King as priest:
Pharaoh as Horus or son of Re and, after
death, Osiris
The pharaoh Chephren with Horus. (The
statue originally stood with twenty-two other
royal figures as centerpiece of the statue cult
in the king's valley temple, Giza. Fourth
Dynasty circa 2550 BC. )
Mythology, Religion and
Kingship in Egypt
22. Tutankhamun as Osiris ( Dynasty XVIII tomb painting, from the
north wall of the tomb of Tutankhamun, Valley of the Kings).
23. Timeline of Ancient Egypt
c. 4500-3000 Predynastic Period
c. 3100-2890 Early Dynastic: Dynasty 1
c. 2890-2686 Early Dynastic: Dynasty 2
c. 2686-2613 Early Dynastic: Dynasty 3
c. 2613-2494 Old Kingdom Dynasty 4
c. 2494-2345 Old Kingdom Dynasty 5
c. 2345-2181 Old Kingdom Dynasty 6
c. 2181-2125 Old Kingdom Dynasties 7 & 8
c. 2125-2025 First Intermediate Period: Dynasties 9-11
c. 2025-1700 Middle Kingdom Dynasties 11-13
c. 1700-1550 Second Intermediate Period Dynasty 13-17
c. 1550-1295 New Kingdom Dynasty 18
c. 1295-1186 New Kingdom Dynasty 19
c. 1186-1069 New Kingdom Dynasty 20
c. 1069-945 Third Intermediate Period Dynasty 21
c. 945-727 Third Intermediate Period Dynasties 22-23
c. 727-332 Late Period Dynasties 24-30 and Persian Occupation
332-30 Ptolemaic Period
30 BC - 330 AD Roman Period
330 AD - 641 Byzantine Period
24. Egyptian Pantheon
For more information, see http://www.touregypt.net/godsofegypt/index.htm
http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/index.htm
Re
Osiris Isis
Horus
Anubis
Hathor
Amun
Atum Theriomorphism: Manifestation of some
aspect of the god’s power
E.g., Hathor as cow. Cow as symbol of
fertility
26. Book of the Dead
a collection of
formulas, hymns,
and prayers for the
deceased of
ancient Egypt. also
known as Pyramid
Texts.
The Egyptians
believed that a
Book of the Dead
was needed to pass
safely through the
demons of the
Underworld after
death.
Book of the Dead of Maiherperi
1427-1392 BC, 18th Dynasty
The Judgment of the Dead
27. Afterlife
Illustration from the Book of the Dead (shows deceased being led to judgment by jackal-
headed god Anubis, where his heart is weighed against a feather, symbol of truth, in the
presence of Thoth, ibis- headed god of wisdom who wears the wide sash of a priest; he
notes the results of the weighing. Then, the deceased is led to the supreme judge of the
dead and ruler of the underworld, Osiris, who is shown enthroned with attendants. From
Thebes. Painted papyrus from the Nineteenth Dynasty ca. 1285 B.C. )
28. Ptah, Creator god of Memphis
Temple of Denderah.
This engraving represents a pharaoh making offerings to the god Ptah and to
the goddess Sekhmet, his wife. Ptah = Primordial Mound
See Bierlein, pp. 51-52
29. Memphis Creation Myth
c. 2900 B.C.
political goal:
1.) to celebrate Ptah, the local god
of Memphis
2.) unification of Two Egypts
Ptah in primaeval water comes to Heliopolis and calls it Memphis
act of creation = Ptah desires himself eight other gods = Ogdoad
31. Shabaka Stone
Shabaka (712-698 B.C.), the first Ethiopian born pharaoh
On the Shabaka Stone: http://maat.sophiatopia.org/shabaka.htm
Translation: http://www.touregypt.net/shabakastone.htm
He (Ptah) gave birth to the gods,
He made the towns,
He established the nomes,
He placed the gods in their shrines,
He settled their offerings,
He established their shrines,
He made their bodies according to their wishes.
Thus the gods entered into their bodies,
Of every wood, every stone, every clay,
Every thing that grows upon him
In which they came to be.
Thus were gathered to him all the gods and their kas,
Content, united with the Lord of the Two Lands.
32. Pyramid Text
Hymn to Osiris
Coffin as Geb (Earth)
Lid as Nut (Sky)
Nut on a coffin lid
33. Creation
Painted papyrus depicting Shu, the air god, raising his daughter Nut, the sky
goddess, above her brother Geb, the earth god, thus creating the world).
34.
35. Heliopolis (Modern Cairo)
Dominant city of the Old Kingdom
Synthesis of
Creation story of Atum
and the story of Osiris
The oldest surviving obelisk in the world,
c.2000 B.C.
37. Heliopolitan Ennead
From Heliopolis:
Nun (watery chaos)
Atum (sun)
Shu (air) Tefnut (moisture)
Geb (Earth) Nut (sky)
Osiris, Isis, Seth, Nephthys
Seven of nine members of the
Heliopolitan Ennead, as
represented in the judgment
scene on the Papyrus of Ani.
From right to left: Atum, Shu,
Tefnut, Geb, Nut and sitting next
to each other, Isis and
Nephthys. Other members of the
Ennead include Osiris, Seth,
Horus and Thot.
38. Creation of the World
according to Heliopolis
Development of the Ennead
Birth of Isis and Osiris
Death and Resurrection of Osiris