The document discusses the anatomy of the sole of the foot. It describes the layers of the sole from superficial to deep, including the skin, plantar fascia, muscles arranged in four layers, and underlying structures like bones and vessels. The plantar fascia is a thick band that attaches from the heel to the toes and helps maintain the foot arches. Several intrinsic muscles of the sole are also outlined, along with their origins, insertions, functions, and nerve supplies. Blood vessels including the plantar arterial arch and its branches are additionally summarized.

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3. Sole is similar to palm.
The Skin, superficial fascia, deep
fascia, muscle, vessels and
nerves.
Foot is an organ for Support and
locomotion.
The arches of foot help as elastic
springs for efficient walking,
running, jumping and support
the body weight.
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4. 1. Thick for protection.
2. Glabrous skin (locks of hair)
3. Sensory organ by with we perceive the ground.
4. Creased  increase efficiency of grip on ground.
5. The skin is mainly supplied by 3
branches of (posterior
and Medial).
2. Branches from (including three
and half digits)
3. Branches from ( anterolateral
one and half.
4. Small areas on medial and lateral side are
innervated by and
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5. Once the skin of the
sole of the foot is removed.
there is a very dense
organized layer of deep
fascia that runs down the
meddle of the sole; This is
planter Aponeurosis.
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6. 1. Plantar Aponeurosis
2. Deep transverse metatarsal ligament between
Metatarsophalangeal joints.
3. The fibrous flexor sheaths in the toe.
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7. Thickened band of the deep fascia in the sole
of the foot.
Attachment
Posteriorly  Medial tubercle of Calcaneus.
Anteriorly  Divides into 5 slips which pass to
the 5 toes.
On each side  Attached to the metatarsal and
lateral intermuscular septa.
Function
1. It fixes the skin of sole.
2. It protects deeper structure.
3. It help to maintaining longitudinal arches of foot.
4. It gives origin to muscles of the first layer of sole.
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8. The muscle of the sole is arranged in Four (4) Layers.
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9. Origin Medial tubercle of Calcaneum and planter aponeurosis.
Insertion Middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Nerve supply  Medial planter nerve
Action  Flexion on proximal Interphalangeal
and MTP joint.
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10. Origin  Medial tubercle of Calcaneum, flexor retinaculum,Medial
intermuscular septum
Insertion  medial plantar portion of proximal phalanx of the great toe.
Nerve supply  Medial plantar nerve
Action  Abducts great toe at MTP joint and
flexes great toe at MTP joint.
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11. Origin Medial and lateral processes of posterior calcaneal tuberosity.
Insertion  Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe and 5th
metatarsal
Nerve supply Lateral plantar (S2,3)
Action  Flexes and abducts 5th toe. Supports
lateral longitudinal arch.
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13. Origin: Medial and posterior surface of the tibia, distal to the popliteal line.
Insertion: plantar surface at the base of the distal phalanges of the 2-5 toes.
Nerve Supply: Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
Action: plantar flexion of ankle joint,
plantar flexion of lateral four toes.
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14. Origin: Medial surface of calcaneus and lateral process of calcaneal
tuberosity
Insertion: Lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon.
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve
Action: Flexion of toes 2-5 (assists the action of flexor digitorum
longus)
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15. Origin: lower two-thirds of the posterior fibula.
Insertion: plantar surface of the base of distal phalanx of the
great toe.
Function: Flexes great toe, plantarflexion at the ankle joint.
Nerve Supply: Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
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16. Origin: Originates from the tendons of flexor digitorum longus.
Insertion: Attaches to the extensor hoods of the lateral four
digits( Dorsal extensor expansion).
Function: Extend toes at interphalangeal joints and flex
metatarsal-phalangeal joints.
Nerve: medial and lateral plantar nerves (S3)
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18. Origin:
Lateral part of the muscle is originated medically to the cuboid
bone.The medial part of the muscle is originated from the tendon
of tibialis posterior muscle.
Insertion:
Both parts of the muscle are inserted on the hallux.
Nerve Supply:
Medial plantar nerve (S1-S2)
Blood Supply:
Posterior tibial artery
Function:
Flexion of the great toe at the
MTP joint.
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19. ORIGIN: Oblique head: base of 2, 3, 4 metatarsals.
Transverse head: plantar metatarsal ligaments and deep transverse ligament
INSERTION
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe.
ACTION
Adducts and flexes MTP joint of big toe.
NERVE
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, 3)
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20. Origin: base of the fifth metatarsal.
Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit.
Function: Flexes the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit.
Nerve Supply: The superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve
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22. ORIGIN: Bases and medial sides of 3rd , 4th and 5th metatarsals
INSERTION: Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges and dorsal extensor expansions of
3rd, 4th and 5th toes
ACTION: Adduct 3rd 4th and 5th toes to axis of 2nd toe, Assist lumbricals in extending
interphalangeal joints while flexing metatarsal phalangeal joints
NERVE:Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2,3)
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23. ORIGIN: Bipennate from inner aspects of shafts of all metatarsals
INSERTION: Bases of proximal phalanges and dorsal extensor expansions of medial side of
2nd toe and lateral sides of 2nd , 3rd and 4th toes
ACTION: Abduct 2nd , 3rd and 4th toes from axis of 2nd toe.
NERVE: lateral plantar nerve (1-3: deep branch; 4: superficial branch) (S2, 3)
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24. ORIGIN: Upper half of posterior shaft of tibia and upper half of fibula.
INSERTION : Tuberosity of navicular bone.
ACTION: Plantar flexes and inverts foot.
NERVE: Tibial nerve (L4, 5)
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25. Origin: The muscle is originated to the head of the fibula.
Insertion: base of1st metatarsal
Function: Evertor of foot and plantar flex the ankle joint;
Nerve Supply: Superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2);
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26.  origin and course :
Largest terminal branch of Tibial nerve. It passes
forwards between Abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum
brevis and divides into its branches.
Its Root ventral primary rami of L4, L5 and S1
 Branches:
The Muscular branches supply the Four muscle.
1. Abductor hallucis
2. Flexor digitorum brevis
3. Flexor hallucis brevis
4. First lumbrical muscle
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27.  Branches
Cutaneous branches supply the skin of the Medial part
of the sole and of the medial Three and a half Toes through
Four Digital branches.
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28.  Origin:
Small terminal branch of Tibial nerve.
passes laterally and forwards till base of fifth Metatarsal, where it
divides Superficial and Deep branches.
its Root value is Ventral Primary Rami of S2,S3, its supply 14
muscles of the sole.
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29.  Branches:
The main Trunk supply Two muscle
Flexor digitorum accessories.
Abductor digiti minimi.
Superfical branch Deep branch
Supply Nine muscles,
2,3,4 Lumbricals
Lateral Medial 1,2,3 Dorsal interossei
Flexor digiti minimi brevis Comunicates with Medial 1,2 Plantar interossei
Third plantar interossei Plantar nerve and supply the skin Adductor Hallucis
Fourth dorsal interissei of fourth interdigital cleft
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30.  Beginning, Course and Termination
Smaller terminal branch of posterior tibial artery.
 Branches
it gives Cutaneous and Muscular branches
Three Small superficial digital branches and last it joining 1,2and 3 plantar
metatarsal arteries
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31.  Beginning, Course and Termination
Larger terminal branch of posterior Tibial Artery.
 Branches
Muscular branch supply adjoining muscles
Cutaneous branches supply skin and
fasciae of lateral part
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32.  Beginning, Course, and Termination
Direct continuation of the lateral plantar artery and completed
medially by Dorsal pedis artery.
 Branches
Four plantar metatarsal arteries. Each artery dividing into Two plantar digital
branches for adjacent side of Two digits.
Plantar arch give Three proximal perforating arteries pass through 2,3 and 4
metatarsal arteries which are branches of arcuate artery.
the Distal end of plantar metatarsal artery gives off a Distal perforating artery.
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