Anatomy 3-images
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This document provides information about the anatomy and function of the foot and knee. It describes the bones, joints, arches and movements of the foot. It also outlines the bony structure, ligaments, meniscus, movements and muscles of the knee. Key points include that the foot has 26 bones and 32 joints organized into tarsal, metatarsal and phalangeal groups, and contains 3 arches that provide support, stability and balance. The knee has a patellofemoral joint, femorotibial joint and menisci, along with collateral and cruciate ligaments that restrict movement and prevent sliding.
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Anatomy 3-images
- 1. The foot
- 2. • 26 bones and 32 joints • 3 groups • Tarsals • Metatarsals • Phalanges
- 3. Movements of the ankle • Plantar flexion (point) • Dorsi flexion (flex) • Inversion (soul of the foot pointing in) • Eversion (soul of the foot pointing away)
- 4. Three arches • Medial - base of big toe to the heel • Lateral - base of little toe to the base of the heel • Transverse - base of big toe to the base of the little toe
- 5. Arches provide • Support • stability • balance • adaptability • Mulha and uddiyana
- 6. • Bone shape • Ligamentous structures • Tension of the myofascia Components
- 7. Muscles of the foreleg • Tibialis anterior - Dorsi flex ankle • peroneus longus - • gastrocnemius - plantar flex the ankle • soleus - plantar flex the ankle • intrinsic foot muscles • Plantar fascia - arch support
- 8. Plantar fascia The plantar fascia is the flat band of tissue (ligament) that connects your heel bone to your toes. !
- 9. Plantar fasciitis strain - weak, swollen, and irritated (inflamed).! Symptoms - pain around the bottom of your foot and heel when you stand or walk Plantar fasciitis ! - Older people! - people on their feet allot! - weak foreleg muscles! ! ! ! !
- 10. The knee
- 11. Boney structure Boney structure of the knee: Patello-femoral joint! Femerotibial joint! Menisci Knee ligaments: Medial and lateral collateral ligaments! Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
- 12. Movements ! Flexion - bends the knee! Extension - straightens the knee! External rotation - turns foot out with bent knee! ! Internal rotation - turns foot in with bent knee
- 13. Major ligaments ! MCL (medial co-lateral ligament) ! LCL (lateral co-lateral ligament) ! ! restrict side to side movements of the knee! helps maintain alignment of forwards and backwards movements at the knee ! ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)! PCL (posterior cruciate ligament) ! ! prevents the tibia from sliding forward under the femur and rotation when the knee is flexed
- 15. Meniscus • Two separate additional pieces of cartilage that sit on the almost flat surface of the tibia. ! • medial meniscus and lateral meniscus ! ! • Cup like shape for the femur to sit into giving stability! ! • Support movements of the knee • Absorb shock
- 16. Meniscus tear • compression ! • movement! ! condyles of the femur pin the meniscus against the top of the tibia. !
- 17. Muscles that move the knee Quadriceps (4 headed)! • Rectus femoris • vastus medialis • vastus lateralis • vastus intermedius • Knee extenders
- 18. Muscles that move the knee Hamstrings! • Semitendinosus • semimembranosus • biceps femoris • Knee flexors
- 19. Alignment Primarily a hinge but it can also do a slight twist! knee and ankle should always be moving in parallel! Knees obey toes especially when weight baring ! Knee above ankle in lunges Muscles influencing the knee - easily stiffen
- 21. Where is our Centre of Gravity?