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Anatamy 1
- 2. The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms! ! ! • Anatomy looks at FORM
- 4. The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts! ! ! • Physiology looks at FUNCTION
- 5. Through the study of anatomy we….. ! • Cut into smaller pieces to understand how it functions ! • Ultimately, the body works as a whole
- 6. Why are we studying anatomy?
- 7. • Safety and stability! ! • Healthy movement on and off the mat! ! • Protect against incorrect (missing) instruction! ! • Build strength and flexibility ! ! • Work within unique characteristics! ! • Informs us of anatomical impact of asana ! ! • Its empowering
- 8. Four components of movement 1.Skeleton 2.Connective Tissue 3.Muscles 4.Nerves
- 9. Skeleton •Protection! ! •Storage of minerals! ! •Red blood cell production! ! •Structure! ! •Movement
- 10. Structure of bone • 2 types of bone tissue: compact and spongy ! • They differ in density! • 3 types of cells that contribute to bone homeostasis ! • Osteoblasts ! • Osteoclasts! • Osteocytes ! • Equilibrium between osteoblasts and osteoclasts maintains bone tissue
- 11. Compact bone • Dense and rigid! • Shaped like a cylinder and is so hard that surgeons must use a saw to cut through it. • Supports the weight of the body and is made up of mostly calcium and minerals
- 12. Spongy • 20 percent of the human skeleton • Structural support and flexibility without the weight of compact bone. • Found in long bones • Honeycombed • The open structure of spongy bone enables it to dampen sudden stresses! • Cancellous bone also has a relatively high level of metabolic activity.
- 14. Joints • Ligamentous - Fixed! ! • Cartilaginous - slightly moveable! ! • Synovial - very mobile
- 15. Synovial joints • Hinge – Elbow + knee! ! • Ball and socket – Shoulder + hip! ! • Saddle – Thumb! ! • Pivot – Knee (tibia and fibula) + Neck! ! • Gliding – Foot (tarsals) ! ! • Condyloid – Wrist (radius and carpals)
- 16. Structure of a Synovial joint
- 17. What is synovial fluid? • is a viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. • Consistency like egg whites • Its principal role is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement.
- 18. Naming Joints Bone + O + Bone = JOINT! • Knee - Femor o tibial joint • Hip - Acetabul o femoral joint joint • Shoulder - Glen o humeral joint • Elbow - Humer o ulnar joint • Ankle - Tibi o talar joint
- 19. Pathologies • Osteoarthritis - Wear and tear of cartilage at a joint rule of thumb is to keep it gentle, use props! • Osteoporosis - medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile weight-bearing postures, Moving the body against resistance can also help strengthen bones
- 21. Structure - connective tissue • Cells and a matrix! • 3 types of protein fibers within the matrix ! 1. Collagen - strong and provide flexibility. 2. Elastin - stretchy and spring back 3. reticular - thin and provide support for many soft organs and blood vessels. ! Amount varies around the body
- 22. Types of connective tissue • Tendons! ! • Ligaments! ! • Scar tissue! ! • Bones! ! • Muscles! ! • Fascia! ! • Cartilage! ! See the body as a whole, not as individual parts!
- 23. Flexibility
- 24. Internal influences •Type of joint! ! •Internal resistance ! ! •Bony structures ! ! •Elasticity of muscle tissue! ! •Elasticity of tendons and ligaments ! ! •Elasticity of skin ! ! •Muscle relax and contract ! ! •Temperature
- 25. External influences •Temperature of the place ! ! •Time of day ! ! •Recovery process of a joint (or muscle) after injury ! ! •Age (pre-adolescents are generally more flexible than adults)! ! •Gender (females are generally more flexible than males) ! ! •Ability to perform a particular exercise (practice makes perfect)! ! •Commitment to achieving flexibility ! ! •Restrictions of any clothing or equipment
- 26. Remember, Asanas aren’t only about flexibility. ! ! Bring balance into the practice - strength too.
- 27. Take aways • 4 Components of movement • Name the major bones of the skeleton • 3 Types of joint • 6 Types of Synovial joints • Structure of connective tissue • Types of connective tissue • Factors effecting flexibility