(prosthodontics) anatomic landmarks of edentulous mandible arch for dental students in brief. very easily understandable. before exam study purpose. there are 17 slides in it totally.

1. Anatomical
Landmarks of
Edentulous
Mandibular Arch

2. Anatomical landmarks of mandibular
arch
 It comprises of:
1. Limiting structure.
2. supporting structures.
3. Relief areas.

3.  LIMITING STRUCTURES.
1. Labial frenum.
2. Labial vestibule.
3. Buccal frenum.
4. Buccal vestibule.
5. Lingual frenum.
6. Alveololingual sulcus.
7. Retromolar pad.
8. Pterygomandibular raphe.
 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES
1. Buccal shelf area.
2. Residual alveolar ridge.
 RELIEF AREAS
1. Crest of the residual alveolar ridge.
2. Mental foramen.
3. Genial tubercles.
4. Torus mandibularis.

4. LIMITING STURCTURES
 LABIAL FRENUM:
1. it is a fibrous band of mucous membrane that extends from the labial
aspect of residual ridge to the lip.
2. The muscle incisivus and orbicularis oris are influence this frenum.

5.  LABIAL VESTIBULE:
1. This s the space between the residual
alveolar ridge and the lips.
2. The length and thickness of the labial
flange of the denture occupying this
space is crucial in influencing lip
support and retention.

6.  BUCCAL FRENUM:
1. It over lies the depressor anguli oris.
2. The fibers of the buccinator are attached
to the frenum.
3. It should be relived to prevent
displacement of the denture during
function.

7.  BUCCAL VESTIBULE:
1. It extends posteriorly from the buccal
frenum till retromolar region.
2. It is bound by the residua ridge on one
side and buccinator on the other side.

8.  LINGUAL FRENUM:
1. It is the fold of mucous membrane
connecting the ventral tongue to the floor of
mouth.
2. Its main function is to support the tongue
and aid in limiting its movement in different
directions.
3. The height and width of the frenum varies
considerably.
4. Relief should be provided in the anterior
portion of the lingual flange.

9.  ALVEOLOLINGUAL SULCUS:
1. It extends from the lingual frenum to the
retro-mylohyoid curtain.
2. It is considered in three regions namely:-
a) Anterior region: it extend from the lingual
frenum to the premylohyoid fossa ,where the
mylohyoid curves below the sulcus .
b) Middle region:-it extends from the
premylohyoid fossa to distal end of the
mylohyoid ridge.
c) Posterior region:-the retro-mylohyoid fossa
is present here.

10.  RETROMOLAR PAD:
1. It is an important structure , which forms
the posterior seal of the mandibular
denture.
2. The pear-shaped pad is a triangular
keratinized soft pad of tissue at the distal
end of the ridge.
3. The denture base should extend only one
half to 23rd over the retromolar pad.

11.  PTERYGOMANDIBULAR RAPHE:
1. Pterygomandibular raphe arises from the hamular process of the medial pterygoid plate
and gets attached to the mylohyoid ridge.
2. When prominent, can cause pain, or loosening

12. SUPPORTING STURCTURES
 BUCCAL SHELF AREA:-
1. It is the area between the buccal frenum and the
anterior border of masseter muscle.
2. It boundaries are:
a) Medially the crest of ridge.
b) Distally the retro-molar pad.
c) Laterally the external oblique ridge.
3. The width of buccal shelf area increases as alveolar
resorption continues.
4. It serves as a primary stress-bearing area.

13.  RESIDUAL ALVEOLAR RIDGE:
 It is the portion of alveolar ridge and the soft tissue
covering which remains following the removal of teeth.
 It resorbs rapidly following extraction and continues
throughout life in a reduced rate.
 The edentulous mandible become flat with a concave
denture bearing surface. Due to bone resorption.

14. RELIEF AREAS
 TORUS MANDIBULARIS:
1. It is a abnormal bony prominence found bilaterally
on the lingual side, near the premolar region.
2. It has to be removed surgically prior to making
denture.

15.  GENIAL TUBERCLE:
1. These are a pair of bony tubercles found anteriorly
on the lingual side of the body of mandible.
2. Due to resorption , it may become increasingly
prominent making denture usage difficult.

16.  MENTAL FORAMEN:
1. It lies between the 1st and 2nd premolar region.
2. Due to ridge resorption it may lie close to the
ridge.
3. It should be relived in these case as pressure
over the nerve produces para-esthesia.

17. THANK YOU