Anatomy and clinical significance of denture bearing areasOgundiran Temidayo
A presentation on the anatomy and clinical significance of the denture bearing areas by Ogundiran Temidayo who is a dental student at OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY ILE-IFE
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
Anatomy and clinical significance of denture bearing areasOgundiran Temidayo
A presentation on the anatomy and clinical significance of the denture bearing areas by Ogundiran Temidayo who is a dental student at OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY ILE-IFE
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
8 - setting of teeth for class I, II and II arch relation ship (Edited)Amal Kaddah
Prosthetic Problems and possible solutions in Setting –up
of teeth for skeletal Class II and Class III arch relationship
of completely edentulous patients
Prof. Amal F. Kaddah
this contains the steps for the class 1 cavity preparation for amalgam in detail. also contains the difference between composite and amalgam cavity preparation.
Bevels and flares are very important components of resin restoration procedure. This presentation focuses on bevels and flares in restorative procedure.
8 - setting of teeth for class I, II and II arch relation ship (Edited)Amal Kaddah
Prosthetic Problems and possible solutions in Setting –up
of teeth for skeletal Class II and Class III arch relationship
of completely edentulous patients
Prof. Amal F. Kaddah
this contains the steps for the class 1 cavity preparation for amalgam in detail. also contains the difference between composite and amalgam cavity preparation.
Bevels and flares are very important components of resin restoration procedure. This presentation focuses on bevels and flares in restorative procedure.
This presentation will discuss six significant characteristics observed in a study of 120 casts of nonorthodontic patients with normal occlusion by Lawrence F. Andrews, D.D.S. (1972)
These constants will be referred to as the “six keys to normal occlusion.” The article will also discuss the importance of the six keys, individually and collectively, in successful orthodontic treatment.
Dental arch forms /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Occlusion in cd /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Implant impressions- journal club - Accuracy of implant impressions using var...Partha Sarathi Adhya
This journal club deals with different impression techniques for implant restorations. These include two different impression techniques using different impression materials.
Implant Loading Protocols Journal Club-Comparative evaluation of the influenc...Partha Sarathi Adhya
This journal club deals with different loading protocols and comparative analysis among them. this basically deals with immediate and delayed loading protocols.
This seminar deals with implant-related complications that lead to implant failure.this also discus diagnostic criteria and preventive methods for an implant failure.
Smile designing is an essential part of aesthetic & prosthetic dentistry.This presentation deals with treatment planning and various aspects of this procedure.
Soldering and welding are the integral part of dentistry specially in prosthodontics and crown and bridge procedure. it is also used in implant supported prosthetic.
NANO TECHNOLOGY IS THE FUTURE, THIS PRESENTATION IS ABOUT USE OF NANO TECHNO LOGY IN RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY. NANO TECHNOLOGY CAN BE USED IN SEVERAL MATERIALS,PROCEDURES.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
Compensating Curves in Prosthodontics
1. COMPENSATING CURVE
PRESENTED BY-
DR. PARTHA SARATHI ADHYA
(1st year PGT, Dept. of Prosthodontics and Crown &
Bridge)
Under the guidance of :-
Prof.(Dr.) Jayanta Bhattacharyya.(H.O.D)
Prof.(Dr.) Samiran Das.
Dr. Sayan Majumdar.
Dr. Saumitra Ghosh.
Dr. Preeti Goel.
2. CONTENTS
Introduction
Compensating Curve.
Curve of Monson .
Curve of Wilson
Curve of Spee
Curve of Pleasure .
Compensating curve formula.
Hanau’s Quint.
Role of Compensating Curve in Fixed Denture Prosthesis.
Review of literature
3. The determination of the occlusal plane is one of the most important
steps in prosthodontic rehabilitation of edentulous patients. The position of the
occlusal plane forms the basis for ideal tooth arrangement.
The three dimensional arrangements of dental cusps and incisal edges in
the natural human dentition are classically described as spherical, with the
occlusal surfaces of all teeth touching a segment of the surface of a sphere, called
the curve of Monson. It is divided into an anteroposterior curve called the curve
of Spee and a mediolateral curve called the curve of Wilson.
Reestablishment of these curves of natural dentition is essential during
rehabilitation of a patient in prosthodontics. Replacement of natural occlusal
curves with artificial teeth are collectively known as compensating curves.
Introduction
4. COMPENSATING CURVE
The anteroposterior curving (in the median plane) and the
mediolateral curving (in the frontal plane) within the alignment
of the occluding surfaces and incisal edges of artificial teeth
that is used to develop balanced occlusion.-GPT-9
The arc introduced in the construction of complete removable
dental prostheses to compensate for the opening influences
produced by the condylar and incisal guidance’s during lateral
and protrusive mandibular.-GPT-9
5. CURVE OF MONSON [GEORGE S. MONSON, U.S.
DENTIST, 1869-1933]
curve of occlusion in which each cusp and incisal edge
touches or conforms to a segment of the surface of a sphere 8
inches in diameter with its center in the region of the glabella.-
GPT-9
if jaw development was ideal, an equilateral triangle would be
formed by straight lines drawn connecting the centers of both
condyles and connecting these centers and a point at the
mesioincisal angle of the lower central incisors. – Bonwill.
the points on the lower jaw teeth which move in contact with
those in the skull lie on the surface of a sphere.- Von Spee.
6. Bonwill triangle was equilateral, ideal conditions seldom prevailed
and that usually an isosceles triangle resulted, with the short side
between the condyle centers.
the center of a sphere with a radius of approximately 4 inches is
equidistant from the occlusal surfaces of the teeth and the center of
the condyles and that lines drawn from the center of this sphere must
pass through the long axis of each tooth.
This “spherical theory” has been modified and further interpreted by
Morton, Maxwell.
7. Validity of Curve of Monson
Although Monson’s principles apply in ideal conditions, the latter,
again, are seldom found in the adult dentitions.
Growth and development and environmental factors (i.e., the
physiologic condition of the dental structure) have caused a deviation
from the “ideal” because of loss of teeth, malposed and malaligned
teeth, periodontal disease, altered muscular function, habit patterns.
8. CURVE OF WILSON [GEORGE H. WILSON, U.S.1855-
1922]
In the theory that occlusion should be spherical, the curvature
of the cusps as projected on the frontal plane expressed in
both arches; the curve in the mandibular arch being concave
and the one in the maxillary arch being convex.- GPT-9
the curve of Wilson also permits lateral mandibular excursions
free from posterior interferences
9. The curve of Wilson results from lingual inclination of the mandibular
posterior teeth, making the lingual cusps lower than buccal cusps on
the mandibular arch; the buccal cusps are higher than palatal cusps
on the maxillary arch because of the buccal inclination of maxillary
posterior teeth.
10. Role of Curve of Wilson in occlusion
The curve of Wilson also permits lateral mandibular excursions free
from posterior interferences.
Aligning both maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth with the
principal direction of muscle contraction produces the greatest
resistance to masticatory forces and creates the inclinations that
form the curve of Wilson.
the curve of Wilson was positively correlated to intercanine,
interpremolar, and intermolar distances . This means that as the
curve of Wilson became steeper, these distances became smaller.
11. Role of Curve of Wilson in mastication
When the curve of Wilson gets altered, masticatory function may be
impaired because increased activity is required to get the food onto
the occlusal table.
12. CURVE OF SPEE [FERDINAND GRAF SPEE, PROSECTOR
OF ANATOMY, GERMANY, 1855-1937]:
The anatomical curve established by the occlusal alignment
of the teeth, as projected onto the median plane, beginning
with the cusp tip of the mandibular canine and following the
buccal cusp tips of the premolar and molar teeth, continuing
through the anterior border of the mandibular ramus and
ending at the anterior aspect of the mandibular condyle.-
GPT-8
The arc of a curved plane that is tangent to the incisal edges
and the buccal cusp tips of the mandibular dentition viewed in
the sagittal plane.
13. o Proposition one: Spee indicated that from a profile view, the molar
surfaces lie on the arc of a circle which, continued posteriorly,
touches the anterior border of the condyle.
o Proposition two: It is easy to demonstrate the curve in cases with
marked attrition than in cases with well-preserved cusps.
o Proposition three: When other points besides molars were included
in measurements from the line of occlusion, they, along with the
condyle, could be on a common arc.
Spee suggested that this geometric arrangement defined the most
efficient pattern for maintaining maximum tooth contacts during
chewing and considered it an important tenet in denture construction.
14. Role of Curve of Spee in mastication
Osborn reported that the curve of Spee had a positive correlation
with the inclination of masseter muscle. This forward tilt of the
mandibular posterior teeth arrangement maximizes the muscular
efficiency during chewing.
The axis of each lower tooth on the curve of Spee is aligned nearly
parallel to its individual arc of closure around the condylar axis to
align each tooth for maximum resistance to functional loading
15. Role of Curve of Spee in occlusion
The curve of Spee permits total posterior disclusion on mandibular
protrusion, given proper anterior tooth guidance.
The curve of Spee may be pathologically altered due to rotation,
tipping, or extrusion of teeth.
Mew quotes that whenever the curve of Spee is increased, the
margins of the tongue will be seen to overlay the lingual cusps of the
mandibular premolar, and the greater the curve, the more likely it is
to overlay both the lingual and buccal cusps, often with scalloping.
16. ANALYSIS OF THE CURVE OF SPEE AND THE CURVE OF WILSON IN
ADULT INDIAN POPULATION: A THREE-DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT
STUDY
o Sowmya Velekkatt Surendran, Sharmila Hussain1, S.
Bhoominthan, Sanjna Nayar, Ragavendra Jayesh.
o The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society | Oct-Dec 2016 |
Vol 16 | Issue 4.
Hydrocollied impression of 60 subjects (30 male, 30 female )
taken and master casts are obtained.
The cusp tips of canines, buccal cusp tips of premolars and
molars, and palatal/lingual cusp tips of second molars of 60
maxillary and 60 mandibular casts obtained were marked with
an indelible marker
17. Three dimensional (x, y, z) coordinates of the cusp tips of the
molars, premolars, and canines of the right and left sides of
the maxilla and mandible were obtained with three
dimensional coordinate measuring machine.
In Indian population, males have a greater radius of the curve
of Spee and curve of Wilson compared to females.
For males and females, the mean radius of curve of Spee and
curve of Wilson are greater in maxillary arch than mandibular
arch.
18. Deepest cusp tip was the distobuccal cusp of the first molar in
the maxillary arch and the mesiobuccal cusp of the first molar
in the mandibular arch in both males and females.
In maxillary and mandibular arches, the mean radius of the
right and left curve of Spee was similar. This was observed in
both the genders.
In the selected subjects, the radius of the curve of Spee and
curve of Wilson are greater than the 4 inch (100 mm) radius
proposed by Monson.
19. CURVE OF PLEASURE [MAX A. PLEASURE,
U.S. DENTIST, 1903-1965]
A helicoid curve of occlusion that, when viewed in the frontal
plane, conforms to a mediolaterally convex curve in which the
lingual surfaces of the teeth are more coronal to the buccal
surfaces, except for the last molars, which reverse that
pattern.- GPT-9
in excessive wear of the teeth, the obliteration of the cusps
and formation of either flat or cuppedout occlusal surfaces,
associated with reversal of the occlusal plane of the premolar,
first and second molar teeth (the third molars being generally
unaffected), whereby the occlusal surfaces of the mandibular
teeth slope facially instead of lingually and those of the
maxillary teeth incline lingually.- GPT-9
20. o 1st proposed by the Avery brothers in 1929.
o It increases total efficiency. The stability of the upper denture
during speech, laughter, coughing, sneezing, etc..
o Enhanced stability of the lower denture during closure against
a morsel of food.
o Unimpaired balancing contacts.
o Increased cutting efficiency because of the longitudinal sliding
movement of the lower cutting ridges.
o Reduced occlusal pressure and tissue trauma.
21. COMPENSATING CURVE FORMULA
o When the two buccal cusp tips and the highest-situated
lingual cusp tip are connected with straight lines, these lines
circumscribe a small plane which is called the “cusp plane.”
o The inclination of the cusp plane to the plane of occlusion is
called the “cusp plane angle.”
22. The tips of the incisors, the cuspid, and the cusp plane of the
bicuspids are on the line PP’,. The cusp plane of the molars is
on the line MM’,. These lines each form an angle with the
plane of occlusion. This angle (ω) is identical with the cusp
plane angle.
23. o of the protrusive facets with various condylar guidance
inclinations is calculated in relation to the plane of occlusion.
On varying the cusp plane angle, the cusp angulation of the
protrusive facets has to be altered accordingly to retain the
Same incline of the facets to the plane of occlusion.
o The action of the compensating curve is as follows. The cusp
angulation of the protrusive facets of the molars (calculated in
accordance with the cusp incline table) must be reduced with
an angle equal to the cusp plane angle (w) . This relation can
be expressed by means of the formula :
C= Ԑ- ώ
o where C is the cusp angulation, Ԑ= the cusp angulation
according the table and, ώ = the cusp plane angle. This
formula is called the “formula for the compensating curve
24.
25. BICUSPID ARRANGEMENT
o The angul.ation of the bicuspid plane to the condylar guidance
is: ß’=β+ω
o which is greater than the inclination of the condylar guidance
(β). Therefore, the cusp angulation may be steeper to attain
antagonistic contact for protrusive movement. Consequently,
the curve of occlusion decreases the cusp angulation for the
molars and increases the cusp angulation of the bicuspids.
26. we do not use high cusps for the bicuspids. In the region of
these teeth, therefore, the antagonists lose their contact
during protrusive gliding movements. This is also true on the
balancing side during lateral movements. The advantages of
this arrangement are the possibility of chewing hard food in
the bicuspid region and the coincidentally obtained
antagonistic contact in the front and in the molar region.
27. HANAU’S QUINT
Rules for balanced denture articulation including incisal
guidance, condylar guidance, cusp length, the plane of
occlusion, and the compensating curve.-GPT-9
[K × I]/[OP × C × OK].
o K = the inclination of condylar guidance,
o I = the inclination of the incisal guidance,
o C = the height of the cusps,
o OP = the inclination of the plane of orientation,
o OK = the prominence of the compensating curve.
28. In order to obtain a smooth, balanced occlusion, the compensating
curve must be in harmony with the other factors of occlusion. This
relationship is expressed in Hanau’s Quint.
29. TRAPOZZANO CONCEPT
His Triad of Occlusion, which is simpler than Hanau's Quint but
eliminates the important compensating curve. the plane of orientation
since its location is highly variable within the available inner ridge
space.
Incisal guidance
Condylar guidance
Cusp angle.
30. BOUCHER CONCEPT
Trapozzano's concept that the occlusal plane could be located at
various heights to favor a weaker ridge, and he recommended that
the occlusal plane "be oriented exactly as it was when the natural
teeth are present. '' He believed that this must be done to conform to
anatomic and functional needs.
There are three fixed factors: The orientation of the occlusal plane,
the incisal guidance, and the condylar guidance.
"The value of the compensating curve is that it permits an alteration
of cusp height without changing the form of the manufactured teeth .
. . . If the teeth themselves do not have cusps, the equivalence of
cusps can be produced by using a compensating curve. '‘
The compensating curve enables one to increase the effective height
of the cusps without changing the form of the teeth.
The angulation of the cusp is more important than the height of the
cusp.
31. Lott concept
Lott studied Hanau's work and clarified the laws of occlusion by
relating them to the posterior separation that is the resultant of the
guiding factors.
The greater the angle of the condyle path, the greater is the posterior
separation.
The greater the angle of the overbite (vertical overlap), the greater is
the separation in the anterior region and the posterior region
regardless of the angle of the condylar path
The greater the separation of the posterior teeth, the greater, or
higher, must be the compensation curve
32. Posterior separation compensation curve to balance the occlusion
requires the introduction of the plane of orientation
The greater the separation of the teeth, the greater must be the
posterior teeth.
Levin concept
The condylar guidance is fixed and is recorded from the patient.
The incisal guidance is usually obtained from the patient’s esthetic
and phonetic requirements. However, it can be modified for special
requirements.
The compensating curve is the most important factor for obtaining
balance. Monoplane or low cusp teeth must employ the use of a
compensating curve.
Cusp teeth have the inclines necessary for obtaining balanced
occlusion but nearly always are used with a compensating curve.
33. My concept of the laws of articulation is quite similar to Lott's, but I
would eliminate the plane of orientation. I am in agreement with
Boucher 3 as to the need for the compensating curve and that the
occlusal plane should be included only in its correct anatomic
position, i.e., in the position that conforms to the patient's anatomy,
esthetics, and function.
34.
35. ROLE OF COMPENSATING CURVE IN FIXED
DENTURE PROSTHESIS
Cones should follow an anteroposterior curve (of Spee) and a
lateral curve (of Wilson).
36. ROLE OF COMPENSATING CURVE IN FIXED
DENTURE PROSTHESIS
Pankey-Mann-Schuyler (PMS) philosophy
o The incisal guidance was the developed intraorally with acrylic
resin to satisfy esthetic and functional requirements.
o Optimal occlusal plane is selected as dictated by the curve of
Monson and mandibular posterior teeth are restored in
harmony with the anterior guidance such that they will not
interfere with the condylar guidance.
o Group function occlusion on the working side during lateral
excursions.
o Maximum number of contacts on posterior teeth in centric
relation.
37. o Maxillary posterior occlusal surfaces are developed after the
completion of mandibular restorations by the functionally
generated path technique (FGP).
o Use of FGP records allows eliminating all occlusal
interferences and establishing functional form of the occlusal
surfaces of the restoration.
38. Hobo concept
o Hobo and Takayama in their study revealed that anterior
guidance influenced the working condylar path and concluded
that they were dependent factors.
o cusp angle be considered as the most reliable determinant of
occlusion as cusp angle does not deviate and is 4 times more
reliable than the condylar and incisal path which show
deviation.
39. Boardrick’s Occlusal Plane Analyser (BOPA)
BOPA is used to determine and achieve an occlusal plane that
fulfills both the functional, occlusal as well as the aesthetics
requirement in cases that require full mouth rehabilitation.
It was based on an anthropological study in 1919, that
Monsoon proposed the anteroposterior curve of the teeth
forms a sphere, with the center of rotation located in the
region of the glabella.
The Broadrick Flag allows the construction of the Curve of
Spee in perfect harmony with the anterior condylar guidance
allowing total posterior tooth disclusion on mandibular
protrusion
40. o Anterior survey point (ASP) was selected on midpoint of disto-
incisal edge of mandibular canine, from which long arc of 4-
inch radius was drawn on flag with use of compass.
o Posterior survey point (PSP) was located on disto-buccal cusp
of distal mandibular molar. If position of this tooth were
deemed unacceptable, anterior border of condylar element on
articulator could be selected as PSP.
41. o Short arc of 4-inch radius was drawn from PSP on flag to
intersect long arc at center of curve of Spee.
o Point of compass was placed at center of flag, and 4-inch
radius was drawn through buccal surfaces of mandibular
teeth.
o The angle of the condylar guidance is not less than the curve
of Spee, as this would introduce posterior protrusive
interferences
o The center should always lie along the long arc drawn from
the anterior survey point, but it may be moved in an anterior or
posterior direction from the intersection of this arc with that
drawn from the posterior survey point.
42. Significance of BOPA
o Preliminary determination of an acceptable plane of occlusion
on the study models as an aid in treatment planning.
o Preliminary determination of the amount of reduction that will
be required when each tooth is prepared.
o In the laboratory wax-up and final metal ceramic restoration,
determination of the height of each cusp tip, which helped in
establishing the curve of Spee and the curve of Wilson.
43. Simplified Occlusal Plane Analyser (SOPA)
o Composed of a compass of 4 inch radius.
o Touch the compass lead (C) to the tip of the lower cuspid.
Position the compass point (D) on the center line (for the 4”
radius) of the SOPA flag.
o Arc the compass lead to the back molar . This establishes the
optimum occlusal plane height for the posterior teeth.
44. THE ROLE OF OCCLUSAL CURVATURES AND MAXILLARY ARCH
DIMENSIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS
Georgios Kanavakisa; Noshir Mehtab.
Angle Orthodontist, Vol 84, No 1, 2014.
o 100 subjects were taken randomly and impression were taken
of both arches.
o For the investigation of TMJ disorders RDC-TMD criteria was
used along with various joint sounds were also investigated.
o Measurements on plastermodels were performed with the use
of a digital caliper.
o The depth of the curve of Spee was measured at the most
distal premolar and at the molar level. The highest value on
each side was recorded.
45. o The curve of Wilson (COW) on each side was measured as
the angle between the frontal projected buccal-lingual plane of
the cusp tips on the first mandibular molars, according to Ali et
al.
Results-
o This finding was consistent on both sides, so it can be
concluded that people with a flatter curve of Spee present a
higher incidence of joint sounds during lateral excursions.
o The curve of Wilson was positively correlated to intercanine,
interpremolar, and intermolar distances.
o subjects with a steeper COW presented narrower maxillary
arches.
Conclusion
o Subjects with TMJ sounds present a flatter COS.
o Deep occlusal curvatures are not associated with TMJ pain or
pain of muscular origin.
46. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OCCLUSAL CURVATURE AND MASTICATORY
MOVEMENTS WITH DIFFERENT TEST FOODS IN HUMAN YOUNG ADULTS
WITH PERMANENT DENTITIONS
Kenji Fueki , Eiko Yoshida, Kota Okano, Yoshimasa Igarashi.
Archives of Oral Biology (2013).
o Forty-six subjects (21 females, 25 males, mean age 25.0
years, range 20–32 years), with completely natural dentition
and Angle Class I molar relationship were taken.
o Upper and lower dental casts of each subject were mounted
on a semi-adjustable articulator. The mandibular cast mounted
on the lower member of the articulator was fixed to a
threedimensional measuring gauge (QM-measure 353,
Mitsutoyo Mfg., Tokyo, Japan). The coordinates of the mid-
points of the canine cusps, and the buccal and lingual cusps
of the premolars, first and second molars were measured and
digitized.
47. o The approximate spheres were calculated from the
measurements according to the Broadrick Occlusal Plane
Analyzer using a custom made software.
o Mandibular movements during unilateral chewing of six test
food items (chewing gum, cheese, kamaboko, boiled beef,
gummy jelly and raw carrot) until the subjects felt ready to
swallow were recorded using a six-degrees-of-freedom
mandibular movement recording system.
48. o Conclusion-
o subjects with larger SR tended to show masticatory cycles
with greater vertical and lateral amplitude, faster
opening/closing velocity, shorter opening/closing/oc-
cluding/cycle duration, and they tended to chew the test foods
until ready to swallow with less number of chewing strokes
and chewing time compared to those with smaller SR.
o The mean value of curve of spee is 112mm which is greater
than 4 inch as described by Mansoon.
49. Conclusion
Difference of opinions exist regarding importance of
compensating curves during fabrication both removable denture
prosthesis and (tooth supported or implant supported) fixed denture
prosthesis.
From experts’ opinion, literature reviews and case reports, it is
evident that prosthodontist should have a sound knowledge about the
occlusal curves of natural dentition and compensating curves.
To achieve success in clinical practice, establishment of
compensating curves in dental prosthesis is one of the important key
factors which increases patients’ compliance as well as longevity of the
restoration.
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