Maxilla #mandible #landmark#importance #basic #knowledge to prosthodontics

1. ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS OF
EDENTULOUS MOUTH IN
COMPLETE DENTURE
PROSTHODONTICS
DR. NEHA SRIVASTAVA
RAMA DENTAL COLLEGE
KANPUR

2. ANATOMIC LANDMARKS IN
MAXILLA
Divided into 3 parts :
1. Limiting Structure
2. Supporting Structure
3. Relief Areas

3. LIMITING STRUCTURES
They determine and confine the extent
of the denture -
 Labial frenum
 Labial vestibule
 Buccal frenum
 Buccal vestibule
 Hamular notch
 Posterior palatal seal area

4. SUPPORTING STRUCTURES :
They are the load-bearing areas.
Primary stress bearing area / Supporting area :
1. The horizontal portion of the hard palate lateral to the
midline –posterolateral slopes
2. Slopes of residual alveolar ridge
Secondary stress bearing area /Supporting area :
1.Rugae area.
2. Maxillary Tuberosity.

5. RELIEF AREAS
1. Incisive papilla
2. Mid-palatine raphe
3. Crest of the residual alveolar ridge
4. Cuspid eminence
5. Fovea palatine

6. Fold of mucous membrane at
the median line.
Moves with muscles of lip.
No muscle of its own.
Action: a V-shaped notch
should be recorded during
impression making to
accommodate the labial frenum.
•A-correct
contour
•B –incorrect
contour.
•C-area
should have
been
covered.
LABIAL FRENUM:
Labial
Frenum
Labial notch

7. BUCCAL FRENUM
• Single or double folds of mucous
membrane.
• Broad and fan shaped.
• Moves with muscles during speech
and mastication.( levator anguli oris,
orbicularis oris, buccinator)
• Adequate relief for muscle activity-
more clearence.
Buccal
frenum

8. LABIAL VESTIBULE
•Runs from the buccal frenum on one
side to the other.
•Divided into a right and left parts by
labial frenum.
•The labial notch notch in the labial
flange of the denture must be just
wide enough to allow the frenum to
pass through it without manipulation
of lips.
•Muco-gingival line-limits upper
border.
•Overextension causes
instability/soreness.
•Proper contouring gives optimal
Labial vestibule
Labial flange

9. BUCCAL VESTIBULE
Buccal frenum to hamular
notch.
•Record adequate
depth/width.
•Improper extension causes
instability/soreness.
Buccal vestibule
Buccal
Flange

10. DISTO-BUCCAL AREA / CORONO-MAXILLARY SPACE
• Distal end of the buccal vestibule.
• Influenced by coronoid process of
mandible, when the mandible opens or
moves to the opposite side , the width
of the buccal vestibule is reduced.
• When the masseter muscle
contracts under heavy closing
pressure , it reduces the size of the
space available for the distal end of
the buccal flange.
• The extent of the buccal vestibule
can be deceiving because the
coronoid process obscures it when the
mouth is opened wide.
• Therefore it should be examined with
the mouth as nearly closed as possible
Disto-buccal area

11. HAMULAR NOTCH
Is a soft area of areolar tissue
between distal surface of
tuberosity and the hamular
process of the medial pterygoid
plate.
•Significance : it houses the
disto-lateral termination of the
denture.
•Aids in achieving posterior
palatal seal.
•Overextension causes
soreness.
Hamular
process
Hamular notch

12. POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL AREA
The soft tissue area at or beyond
the junction of the hard and soft
palates on which pressure within
physiological limits, can be applied
by a complete denture to aid in its
retention.
Parts :
•Postpalatal seal
•Pterygomaxillary seal

13. VIBRATING LINE
An imaginary line across the posterior part of the
palate marking the division between the movable
and immovable tissues of the soft palate.
This can be identified when the movable tissues
are functioning.
Anterior vibrating line :
•valsalva maneuver
•‘ah’ with short vigorous bursts
Posterior vibrating line :
•‘ah’ in short bursts in a normal, unexaggerated
fashion.

14. Hard palate
Support for the maxillary denture.
•Primary stress bearing area-
horizontal portion of hard palate
lateral to midline.

15. Residual alveolar ridge
The portion of the residual bone , soft
tissue covering that remains after the
removal of teeth .
•Important support area –subjected to
resorption.
Alveolar groove

16. RUGAE
Raised areas of dense
connective tissue radiating from
the median suture in the anterior
1/3rdof palate.
•Secondary stress bearing area.
•Should not be distorted in the
impression.

17. MAXILLARY TUBEROSITIES.
Are distal aspects of the
posterior ridge terminating
in the hamular notch.
•Gross
enlargement(fibrous or
bony –surgical correction.

18. INCISIVE PAPILLA
Incisive papilla –pad of
fibrous connective tissue
over the incisive
foramen.
•Location :behind and
between the central
incisors .
•Relief necessary -
burning sensation and
pain.
•Indication of resorption.

19. MID PALATINE RAPHAE.
Extends from incisive
papilla to distal end of
hard palate.
•Thin mucosal covering
and non-resilient.
•Relieve adequately to
avoid trauma from
denture base.

20. FOVEA PALATINAE
Bilateral indentations near
the midline of palate.
•Formed by coalescence of
several mucous gland
ducts.
•Posterior to junction of
hard and soft palate.
•Always on soft palate