Anaphylaxis
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Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that affects multiple organ systems rapidly and can potentially cause death. It is caused by allergic reactions to foods, drugs, insect stings, latex, or other allergens. Symptoms can include any combination of skin issues like hives or swelling, respiratory symptoms like wheezing, gastrointestinal symptoms like vomiting, and cardiovascular symptoms like dizziness. Treatment involves using an epinephrine auto-injector like an EpiPen and calling emergency services, as the reaction can worsen quickly.
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Anaphylaxis Disease
Anaphylaxis is an acute multi-system allergic reaction that can involve the skin, airways, blood vessels, and gastrointestinal tract. It is a severe and immediate hypersensitivity reaction. The most common causes are foods, drugs, and insect bites or stings. Symptoms affect multiple body systems and can include skin issues like hives or swelling, respiratory issues like difficulty breathing, and cardiovascular issues like dizziness or fainting. Diagnosis is based on symptoms occurring after exposure to a potential trigger. Treatment involves epinephrine, antihistamines, corticosteroids, monitoring for several hours, and prevention through allergen avoidance and carrying emergency medication.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. It requires rapid identification, assessment, and on-scene management including epinephrine, oxygen, IV fluids, and transport to the emergency department. Proper treatment of anaphylaxis in the pre-hospital setting is vital to ensure positive patient outcomes.
Allergies
This document summarizes how to identify and treat patients experiencing allergic reactions. It discusses the differences between mild allergic reactions and the life-threatening anaphylaxis, including various signs and symptoms. It outlines the steps for assessing, caring for, and monitoring patients, including when to assist with an epinephrine auto-injector. These include obtaining vital signs and history, applying oxygen, reassessing after epinephrine administration, and consulting medical direction if the patient's condition worsens or improves.
Anaphylaxis shock
This document discusses anaphylaxis shock, including its classification, etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Anaphylaxis shock is a severe allergic reaction caused by exposure to a foreign substance like drugs or bee venom. It is characterized by low blood pressure, skin rashes, and breathing difficulties. Emergency epinephrine injections are needed to treat it. Diagnosis is based on sudden symptoms occurring after exposure to a potential trigger. Treatment involves epinephrine injections, IV fluids, corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and placing the patient in a horizontal position. Long term prevention includes avoiding allergens and keeping emergency medication accessible.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to an allergen like bee venom or peanuts. Common symptoms involve the skin, respiratory tract, heart, and gastrointestinal system, such as hives, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and nausea. Epinephrine is the first line treatment and should be injected immediately to help lower the risk of complications. Antihistamines and bronchodilators may also be used to treat specific symptoms of anaphylaxis.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate treatment to prevent harm or death. Epinephrine injection is the first-line treatment and should be administered promptly if anaphylaxis criteria are met. Symptoms may involve multiple organ systems such as the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system. Precautions must be taken to monitor for potential biphasic reactions in the hours after the initial episode. Strict allergen avoidance and use of medical alert devices can help prevent future dangerous reactions.
Overview of Anaphylaxis.
Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that affects multiple body systems. It is caused by exposure to an allergen that is absorbed systemically such as foods or medications. The allergen activates mast cells to release inflammatory mediators like histamine that cause symptoms. Symptoms can include skin issues, respiratory distress, gastrointestinal problems, and cardiovascular collapse. Treatment involves epinephrine injection, antihistamines, oxygen, corticosteroids, and addressing airway and circulatory problems. Prevention relies on allergen avoidance and carrying epinephrine auto-injectors. Prompt treatment improves outcomes.
Final anaphylactic reactions and anaphylactic shock
The document discusses anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock during anesthesia. It begins by describing the discovery of anaphylaxis in 1902 and defines anaphylaxis as a severe, systemic allergic reaction involving two or more organ systems that can be life-threatening. Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction leading to sudden cardiovascular collapse. Common causes of anaphylactic reactions during anesthesia include muscle relaxants, induction drugs, local anesthetics, opioids, and other medications. The mechanism involves IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation releasing chemical mediators like histamine that cause symptoms. Prompt treatment is critical in an emergency situation.
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Anaphylaxis Disease
Anaphylaxis is an acute multi-system allergic reaction that can involve the skin, airways, blood vessels, and gastrointestinal tract. It is a severe and immediate hypersensitivity reaction. The most common causes are foods, drugs, and insect bites or stings. Symptoms affect multiple body systems and can include skin issues like hives or swelling, respiratory issues like difficulty breathing, and cardiovascular issues like dizziness or fainting. Diagnosis is based on symptoms occurring after exposure to a potential trigger. Treatment involves epinephrine, antihistamines, corticosteroids, monitoring for several hours, and prevention through allergen avoidance and carrying emergency medication.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. It requires rapid identification, assessment, and on-scene management including epinephrine, oxygen, IV fluids, and transport to the emergency department. Proper treatment of anaphylaxis in the pre-hospital setting is vital to ensure positive patient outcomes.
Allergies
This document summarizes how to identify and treat patients experiencing allergic reactions. It discusses the differences between mild allergic reactions and the life-threatening anaphylaxis, including various signs and symptoms. It outlines the steps for assessing, caring for, and monitoring patients, including when to assist with an epinephrine auto-injector. These include obtaining vital signs and history, applying oxygen, reassessing after epinephrine administration, and consulting medical direction if the patient's condition worsens or improves.
Anaphylaxis shock
This document discusses anaphylaxis shock, including its classification, etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Anaphylaxis shock is a severe allergic reaction caused by exposure to a foreign substance like drugs or bee venom. It is characterized by low blood pressure, skin rashes, and breathing difficulties. Emergency epinephrine injections are needed to treat it. Diagnosis is based on sudden symptoms occurring after exposure to a potential trigger. Treatment involves epinephrine injections, IV fluids, corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and placing the patient in a horizontal position. Long term prevention includes avoiding allergens and keeping emergency medication accessible.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to an allergen like bee venom or peanuts. Common symptoms involve the skin, respiratory tract, heart, and gastrointestinal system, such as hives, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and nausea. Epinephrine is the first line treatment and should be injected immediately to help lower the risk of complications. Antihistamines and bronchodilators may also be used to treat specific symptoms of anaphylaxis.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate treatment to prevent harm or death. Epinephrine injection is the first-line treatment and should be administered promptly if anaphylaxis criteria are met. Symptoms may involve multiple organ systems such as the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system. Precautions must be taken to monitor for potential biphasic reactions in the hours after the initial episode. Strict allergen avoidance and use of medical alert devices can help prevent future dangerous reactions.
Overview of Anaphylaxis.
Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that affects multiple body systems. It is caused by exposure to an allergen that is absorbed systemically such as foods or medications. The allergen activates mast cells to release inflammatory mediators like histamine that cause symptoms. Symptoms can include skin issues, respiratory distress, gastrointestinal problems, and cardiovascular collapse. Treatment involves epinephrine injection, antihistamines, oxygen, corticosteroids, and addressing airway and circulatory problems. Prevention relies on allergen avoidance and carrying epinephrine auto-injectors. Prompt treatment improves outcomes.
Final anaphylactic reactions and anaphylactic shock
The document discusses anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock during anesthesia. It begins by describing the discovery of anaphylaxis in 1902 and defines anaphylaxis as a severe, systemic allergic reaction involving two or more organ systems that can be life-threatening. Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction leading to sudden cardiovascular collapse. Common causes of anaphylactic reactions during anesthesia include muscle relaxants, induction drugs, local anesthetics, opioids, and other medications. The mechanism involves IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation releasing chemical mediators like histamine that cause symptoms. Prompt treatment is critical in an emergency situation.
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Anaphylaxis is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction that occurs suddenly following sensitization to an allergen, often after the third exposure. It is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies binding to allergens and causing degranulation of mast cells and basophils, releasing inflammatory mediators like histamine. Common symptoms include urticaria, angioedema, stridor, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and shock. Epinephrine administered via autoinjector like an EpiPen is the first-line treatment and should be administered immediately if anaphyl
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This document provides information about allergic reactions and anaphylaxis, including causes of death, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, management, and case presentations. Key points:
- Laryngeal edema and bronchospasm account for over 70% of anaphylaxis deaths
- Mast cell degranulation releases histamine and other mediators causing symptoms like bronchospasm, hypotension, edema
- Treatment depends on severity but includes epinephrine, H1 antihistamines, corticosteroids, fluids
- Disposition is observation for 6-8 hours regardless of response to treatment due to risk of biphasic reaction
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening reaction that can affect multiple body systems. It is diagnosed based on criteria involving symptoms of the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system. Incidence has increased in recent decades and common triggers include antibiotics, latex, hymenoptera stings, foods and intravenous agents. Pathways involve IgE-mediated and non-IgE mediated mechanisms. Signs and symptoms range from mild to severe and treatment involves epinephrine and monitoring for potential biphasic reactions. Differential diagnoses include other causes of low blood pressure, flushing syndromes, and 'restaurant syndromes'.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that is life-threatening. It involves two or more body systems and can cause low blood pressure, breathing difficulties, skin rash, and gastrointestinal issues. Common triggers include foods like peanuts, medications like antibiotics, and insect stings. Treatment involves epinephrine injection, oxygen, intravenous fluids, antihistamines, and steroids. Prevention focuses on avoidance of known allergens and always having epinephrine available for emergencies.
Anaphylactic shock
Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that requires immediate treatment. It can affect multiple body systems such as the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system. Epinephrine administered via intramuscular injection is the first-line treatment and should be given immediately when anaphylaxis is suspected in order to prevent progression of symptoms. Reactions can be biphasic in some cases, requiring monitoring beyond the initial emergency response. Education on allergen avoidance and emergency action plans are important for managing the risk of anaphylaxis.
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by airway inflammation and constriction. It is the most common chronic childhood illness, with 50% of cases beginning before age 10. An asthma attack can be life-threatening and lead to respiratory failure if not properly treated. Nurses play an important role in quickly assessing severity, administering bronchodilators and other medications, monitoring the patient, providing education on triggers and ongoing management. The goals of treatment are to maintain normal lung function and prevent exacerbations and adverse effects of medications.
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This document discusses altered immune response and related topics. It begins by defining immunity and describing the two main types: innate and adaptive immunity. It then discusses specific topics in depth, including:
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- Common allergic disorders like anaphylaxis, allergic rhinitis, contact dermatitis, and their symptoms and treatments
- Autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, how they are assessed and managed
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Anaphylaxis
The document discusses anaphylaxis, including its causes, risk factors, symptoms, prevention, and treatment. It causes include IgE-mediated reactions to foods, drugs, insects, as well as non-IgE mediated reactions. Symptom onset is usually within 5-30 minutes. Prevention involves avoiding allergens and carrying epinephrine. Treatment involves epinephrine, antihistamines, corticosteroids, and monitoring for biphasic reactions. Drug allergies can also cause anaphylaxis and involve skin testing to identify culprit drugs when possible. Management includes avoidance, alternative medications, and potential desensitization.
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This document summarizes Type I hypersensitivity reactions (allergic reactions). It discusses:
1) The mechanisms of Type I reactions, including the roles of IgE, mast cells, histamine, and other mediators.
2) The major features of Type I reactions, including immediate hypersensitivity reactions and causes like bee stings, food allergies, and drug allergies.
3) Treatments for Type I reactions including antihistamines, cromolyn sodium, and immunotherapy.
Anaphylaxis
To watch my animated viedo on YouTube visit
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVHDGWfQhSU
To download my animated presentation visit:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/bbtayufrn1clnvh/Anaphylaxis.pptx
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction affecting multiple organs. It is considered present when there is acute onset of symptoms involving the skin and mucosa along with respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms, or just two or more symptoms rapidly after exposure to a trigger. Adrenaline is the first line treatment and should be administered immediately to prevent progression of symptoms. Antihistamines and steroids are adjunctive but do not treat the underlying cause. Patients require monitoring for biphasic reactions and should receive training and a prescription for epinephrine auto-injectors for future reactions.
Anaphylaxis
This document defines anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity reactions, describes the pathophysiology and etiology of anaphylaxis, and outlines signs/symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses how anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction affecting multiple organ systems. Common triggers include foods, medications, insect bites, and latex. Diagnosis is based on symptoms occurring rapidly after exposure. Treatment involves epinephrine, antihistamines, corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and emergency management including CPR if needed.
Anaphylaxis
This document discusses anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It defines anaphylaxis and explains that it is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction caused by the immune system overreacting to harmless substances. Symptoms can affect multiple body systems like the skin, respiratory and digestive systems. Prompt treatment with epinephrine and other emergency measures is needed. Prevention involves avoiding triggers and carrying epinephrine auto-injectors if at risk.
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The document provides information about anaphylaxis including its definition, triggers, risk factors, types of reactions, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, and diagnostic criteria. Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that requires prompt medical treatment. Common triggers include foods, medications, insect stings, and latex. Reactions can be uni-phasic, protracted, or bi-phasic. The pathophysiology involves the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils via IgE-mediated or non-IgE mediated mechanisms. Signs and symptoms affect multiple organ systems and can include skin issues, respiratory distress, gastrointestinal symptoms and cardiovascular or neurological problems.
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Shock is a life-threatening condition defined by a reduction in effective circulating blood volume and inadequate tissue perfusion. It can be caused by hypovolaemia, cardiac dysfunction, infection, trauma or other conditions. The main characteristics of shock are hypotension, hypoperfusion of tissues, and cellular injury if not resolved. Prolonged shock can lead to multi-organ failure and death.
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Snake bites are a major public health problem, with over 20,000 deaths annually from the approximately 421,000 envenomings that occur each year, especially in South and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The document discusses the differences between poisonous and non-poisonous snakes, symptoms of snake bites, treatment methods like antivenom therapy, and prevention strategies like wearing boots and public education. Management of snake bites involves first aid measures, antivenom administration, supportive care, and monitoring for local and systemic effects on muscles, nerves, blood, and cardiovascular system depending on the type of snake venom.
Allergy
An allergy is an immune system reaction to normally harmless substances. When a person is exposed to an allergen, their immune system mistakenly identifies it as harmful and produces antibodies called IgE. This causes an inflammatory response with symptoms ranging from mild like hay fever to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Common allergens include foods, pollen, dust mites, animal dander, insect stings, latex and medications. Allergies are diagnosed through a medical history and allergy tests. Treatments include avoiding allergens, antihistamines, steroids, decongestants and epinephrine injections for severe reactions.
Power Point 3 "Allergies" by Sandra Landinguin
An allergy is an exaggerated reaction by the immune system to substances that are usually harmless. These substances are called allergens and can include pollen, dust mites, mold, certain foods, insect stings, latex, medications, and fragrances. Common allergic conditions affect the eyes, nose, lungs, skin, and stomach and include allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, and hives. Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can affect the entire body. Preventing exposure to allergens and proper treatment of symptoms are important for managing allergic conditions.
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Allergy Power Point Presentation
The document provides information about allergy diagnostics and testing. It discusses the different types of allergies including food, environmental, occupational and insect allergies. It describes the importance of taking a thorough case history and outlines different diagnostic methods used to identify allergens including skin prick tests, patch tests and allergen-specific IgE blood tests. Accurately identifying the specific allergens responsible for a patient's symptoms is key to successful management and treatment of their condition.
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This document provides an outline and overview of allergic rhinitis. It begins with definitions and classifications of allergic rhinitis. It then discusses the epidemiology and prevalence globally. The pathophysiology and mechanisms are explained, including sensitization, IgE production, and response to allergens. Various risk factors are reviewed such as genetics, allergens, pollution, and socioeconomic status. Protective factors like breastfeeding are also mentioned. Evaluation, associated conditions, and management strategies are outlined but not described in detail.
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Anaphylaxis is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction that occurs suddenly following sensitization to an allergen, often after the third exposure. It is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies binding to allergens and causing degranulation of mast cells and basophils, releasing inflammatory mediators like histamine. Common symptoms include urticaria, angioedema, stridor, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and shock. Epinephrine administered via autoinjector like an EpiPen is the first-line treatment and should be administered immediately if anaphyl
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This document provides information about allergic reactions and anaphylaxis, including causes of death, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, management, and case presentations. Key points:
- Laryngeal edema and bronchospasm account for over 70% of anaphylaxis deaths
- Mast cell degranulation releases histamine and other mediators causing symptoms like bronchospasm, hypotension, edema
- Treatment depends on severity but includes epinephrine, H1 antihistamines, corticosteroids, fluids
- Disposition is observation for 6-8 hours regardless of response to treatment due to risk of biphasic reaction
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening reaction that can affect multiple body systems. It is diagnosed based on criteria involving symptoms of the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system. Incidence has increased in recent decades and common triggers include antibiotics, latex, hymenoptera stings, foods and intravenous agents. Pathways involve IgE-mediated and non-IgE mediated mechanisms. Signs and symptoms range from mild to severe and treatment involves epinephrine and monitoring for potential biphasic reactions. Differential diagnoses include other causes of low blood pressure, flushing syndromes, and 'restaurant syndromes'.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that is life-threatening. It involves two or more body systems and can cause low blood pressure, breathing difficulties, skin rash, and gastrointestinal issues. Common triggers include foods like peanuts, medications like antibiotics, and insect stings. Treatment involves epinephrine injection, oxygen, intravenous fluids, antihistamines, and steroids. Prevention focuses on avoidance of known allergens and always having epinephrine available for emergencies.
Anaphylactic shock
Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that requires immediate treatment. It can affect multiple body systems such as the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system. Epinephrine administered via intramuscular injection is the first-line treatment and should be given immediately when anaphylaxis is suspected in order to prevent progression of symptoms. Reactions can be biphasic in some cases, requiring monitoring beyond the initial emergency response. Education on allergen avoidance and emergency action plans are important for managing the risk of anaphylaxis.
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by airway inflammation and constriction. It is the most common chronic childhood illness, with 50% of cases beginning before age 10. An asthma attack can be life-threatening and lead to respiratory failure if not properly treated. Nurses play an important role in quickly assessing severity, administering bronchodilators and other medications, monitoring the patient, providing education on triggers and ongoing management. The goals of treatment are to maintain normal lung function and prevent exacerbations and adverse effects of medications.
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This document discusses altered immune response and related topics. It begins by defining immunity and describing the two main types: innate and adaptive immunity. It then discusses specific topics in depth, including:
- The four types of hypersensitivity reactions (immediate, antibody-mediated, immune complex-mediated, cell-mediated)
- Common allergic disorders like anaphylaxis, allergic rhinitis, contact dermatitis, and their symptoms and treatments
- Autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, how they are assessed and managed
It provides details on immune system function, complications of altered immune response, and the nursing management of patients with these conditions.
Anaphylaxis
The document discusses anaphylaxis, including its causes, risk factors, symptoms, prevention, and treatment. It causes include IgE-mediated reactions to foods, drugs, insects, as well as non-IgE mediated reactions. Symptom onset is usually within 5-30 minutes. Prevention involves avoiding allergens and carrying epinephrine. Treatment involves epinephrine, antihistamines, corticosteroids, and monitoring for biphasic reactions. Drug allergies can also cause anaphylaxis and involve skin testing to identify culprit drugs when possible. Management includes avoidance, alternative medications, and potential desensitization.
Allergic reactions
This document summarizes Type I hypersensitivity reactions (allergic reactions). It discusses:
1) The mechanisms of Type I reactions, including the roles of IgE, mast cells, histamine, and other mediators.
2) The major features of Type I reactions, including immediate hypersensitivity reactions and causes like bee stings, food allergies, and drug allergies.
3) Treatments for Type I reactions including antihistamines, cromolyn sodium, and immunotherapy.
Anaphylaxis
To watch my animated viedo on YouTube visit
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVHDGWfQhSU
To download my animated presentation visit:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/bbtayufrn1clnvh/Anaphylaxis.pptx
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction affecting multiple organs. It is considered present when there is acute onset of symptoms involving the skin and mucosa along with respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms, or just two or more symptoms rapidly after exposure to a trigger. Adrenaline is the first line treatment and should be administered immediately to prevent progression of symptoms. Antihistamines and steroids are adjunctive but do not treat the underlying cause. Patients require monitoring for biphasic reactions and should receive training and a prescription for epinephrine auto-injectors for future reactions.
Anaphylaxis
This document defines anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity reactions, describes the pathophysiology and etiology of anaphylaxis, and outlines signs/symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses how anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction affecting multiple organ systems. Common triggers include foods, medications, insect bites, and latex. Diagnosis is based on symptoms occurring rapidly after exposure. Treatment involves epinephrine, antihistamines, corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and emergency management including CPR if needed.
Anaphylaxis
This document discusses anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It defines anaphylaxis and explains that it is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction caused by the immune system overreacting to harmless substances. Symptoms can affect multiple body systems like the skin, respiratory and digestive systems. Prompt treatment with epinephrine and other emergency measures is needed. Prevention involves avoiding triggers and carrying epinephrine auto-injectors if at risk.
Allergic Reaction .pdf
Allergic reaction types and drugs used in hypersensitivity reactions.
It will includes sign and symptoms and reactions involve in allergic reaction,
Anaphylaxis - Hoang Cuong HMU
The document provides information about anaphylaxis including its definition, triggers, risk factors, types of reactions, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, and diagnostic criteria. Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that requires prompt medical treatment. Common triggers include foods, medications, insect stings, and latex. Reactions can be uni-phasic, protracted, or bi-phasic. The pathophysiology involves the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils via IgE-mediated or non-IgE mediated mechanisms. Signs and symptoms affect multiple organ systems and can include skin issues, respiratory distress, gastrointestinal symptoms and cardiovascular or neurological problems.
IMMUNOLOGY (ALLERGIC REACTIONS AND ANAPHYLAXIS)
This document discusses allergies and anaphylaxis, including the pathophysiology of the immune system response, assessment findings for anaphylaxis, and management of anaphylactic and allergic reactions. It describes how exposure to an antigen causes the immune system to produce antibodies, and future exposures result in a more rapid response. In anaphylaxis, exposure to an allergen causes massive histamine release, resulting in airway constriction, drop in blood pressure, and other dangerous symptoms. Paramedics are trained to manage anaphylaxis through protecting the airway, administering epinephrine and other medications, giving fluids, and providing psychological support and patient education.
Shock
Shock is a life-threatening condition defined by a reduction in effective circulating blood volume and inadequate tissue perfusion. It can be caused by hypovolaemia, cardiac dysfunction, infection, trauma or other conditions. The main characteristics of shock are hypotension, hypoperfusion of tissues, and cellular injury if not resolved. Prolonged shock can lead to multi-organ failure and death.
Snake bite and its management
Snake bites are a major public health problem, with over 20,000 deaths annually from the approximately 421,000 envenomings that occur each year, especially in South and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The document discusses the differences between poisonous and non-poisonous snakes, symptoms of snake bites, treatment methods like antivenom therapy, and prevention strategies like wearing boots and public education. Management of snake bites involves first aid measures, antivenom administration, supportive care, and monitoring for local and systemic effects on muscles, nerves, blood, and cardiovascular system depending on the type of snake venom.
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This document discusses various types of allergies including food allergies, asthma, drug allergies, skin allergies, and outdoor allergies. It provides descriptions of each type of allergy including common signs and symptoms. It also identifies groups that are most commonly affected and notes what teachers need to know about managing allergies in a classroom setting. Resources for further information about each type of allergy are listed.
Allergy assignment
The document discusses allergies, defining them as immune responses to normally harmless substances. It describes common allergen types like pollen, dust, foods and identifies symptoms like sneezing, watery eyes. Allergens are classified by their route of exposure - inhaled, injected, ingested, contacted. Diagnosis involves skin prick or patch tests. Treatment includes avoidance, medications like antihistamines, decongestants, steroids and immunotherapy injections.
3.food allergens...varun
The document discusses allergens and food allergies. It defines an allergen as a harmless substance that causes the immune system to mistakenly launch an attack. Common allergens include dust mites, pollen, pet dander, royal jelly, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soy, milk, eggs, fish and shellfish. Another type of allergen is urushiol, a resin from poison ivy and oak that causes a skin rash. Symptoms of allergies can range from mild to severe or life-threatening anaphylaxis reactions. Proper food handling techniques like handwashing and using color-coded cutting boards are important for food service workers to avoid cross-contamination
Drug allergy
An allergic reaction occurs when the immune system overreacts to a drug viewed as foreign. The first exposure allows antibodies to form, so reactions typically occur after repeated exposure, not the first. Common triggers are painkillers, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and antiseizure drugs. Symptoms range from mild skin reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Penicillin is a frequent cause of drug allergy, with symptoms like hives, swelling, and asthma. Sulfa drugs can also cause allergic reactions like rashes, photosensitivity, and liver/kidney issues. Avoiding the culprit drug is key treatment for drug allergies.
The allergies
The document discusses allergies, which occur when the immune system reacts to normally harmless substances called allergens. Common allergens include pollen, animal dander, foods, insect bites, medicines, and plants. Allergic reactions can affect the skin, respiratory tract, sinuses, and digestive system, causing symptoms ranging from mild to severe like hives, swelling, coughing, wheezing, and anaphylaxis. Allergies are caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Avoiding allergens is the best prevention strategy when possible.
Unit 6 allergies
The document provides information about allergies including what causes them, the allergic process, common symptoms, and treatments. It states that allergies are caused by the immune system mistakenly identifying harmless substances as threats. When re-exposed, the immune system releases histamine causing symptoms like sneezing, rashes, or more severe reactions like anaphylaxis. Diagnostic tests include skin prick tests and blood tests to identify specific allergens and guide treatment options.
Asthma lym
Asthma is a chronic lung disease that causes narrowing of the airways. It was first described by Hippocrates in ancient Greece. Asthma symptoms vary between people and can be triggered by factors like allergens, air pollution, exercise and emotions. During an asthma attack, the airways become inflamed and narrowed due to muscle constriction and mucus production, making breathing difficult. Tests like spirometry and chest x-rays are used to diagnose asthma. Treatment focuses on preventing symptoms through medications and avoiding triggers.
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Epinephrine Autoinjector
The EpiPen contains a single dose of epinephrine that is automatically injected into the thigh muscle when the pen is pressed against the skin. Epinephrine acts immediately to stop anaphylaxis, which is a severe allergic reaction that can involve swelling of the mouth, throat, or airways and cause difficulty breathing or a drop in blood pressure. If symptoms of anaphylaxis occur, the EpiPen should be used immediately by injecting it into the thigh muscle according to instructions and calling 911, as additional doses may be needed to counteract the reaction.
Allergy Information
Allergies occur when the immune system reacts to substances that are normally harmless. These triggering substances are known as allergens. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, pet dander, certain foods, insect bites and stings, latex, and some medications. Symptoms of allergies can be mild, such as sneezing and itchy eyes, or they can be severe like difficulty breathing or a drop in blood pressure. It is important to identify your allergens and take steps to avoid exposure to prevent allergic reactions.
Pet Allergies
Pet allergies can be caused by proteins in fur, dander, saliva, and aerosolized urine. Symptoms include nasal congestion, sneezing, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, eczema and hives. To prevent reactions, those with pet allergies should keep pets outside or out of bedrooms, bathe pets weekly, wash hands after contact, and avoid soiled litter cages.
Food Allergies
Food allergy is an abnormal immune response to certain foods, which can range from mild symptoms to the severe, life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis. Common food allergies in infants and children include eggs, milk, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, and wheat, while shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, and fish are frequent causes of food allergies in adults. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, diet diary, elimination diet, and tests like skin prick tests and blood tests. There is no cure for food allergies, so prevention through strict avoidance of problem foods, reading food labels, and cleaning shared eating areas is key to managing symptoms.
Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is a long-term skin disease characterized by dry, itchy skin and rashes. It is caused by a tendency to develop allergies. Symptoms include rashes on the face, hands and feet that can crack and weep fluid from scratching. Doctors diagnose it based on symptoms and family history of allergies. Treatment focuses on moisturizing skin and using corticosteroids and other medications to prevent flare ups from irritants and allergens that worsen symptoms.
Drug Allergy
Drug allergies occur when the body has an unintended negative reaction to a medication. Symptoms can range from mild skin rashes and hives to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Common medications that may cause allergic reactions include antibiotics like penicillin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, and some chemotherapy drugs. A doctor will carefully diagnose potential drug allergies through a patient history and potentially skin or blood tests before prescribing alternatives or attempting graded challenges to build tolerance. There is no cure for drug allergies, so prevention focuses on identifying triggers and finding substitute treatments.
Asthma Action Plan
The document discusses an asthma action plan, which aims to control asthma through preventing symptoms, reducing medicine needs, maintaining normal activity, sleeping through the night, and preventing emergencies. It explains that quick-relief medicines treat active symptoms while long-term control medicines reduce inflammation and future issues. Triggers that can worsen asthma like smoke, allergens, irritants and colds are also addressed. The plan helps monitor asthma control and what steps to take if asthma becomes uncontrolled or a medical emergency occurs.
Indoor Allergies
The document discusses various indoor allergens and irritants such as cigarette smoke, dust mites, cockroaches, pets, indoor molds, and chemical irritants. It provides tips on reducing exposure to these allergens, including removing stuffed animals and clutter from beds, washing bedding frequently, vacuuming and using pest traps, keeping pets out of bedrooms, fixing water leaks to prevent mold growth, and avoiding chemical irritants in poorly ventilated areas. The goal is to help control allergic reactions and asthma attacks by avoiding or reducing sources of indoor allergens and irritants.
Asthma Information
Asthma is a chronic lung disease that causes airways to narrow and become inflamed, resulting in recurring periods of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. When the airways become inflamed, the muscles around them tighten causing less air to flow into the lungs. Sometimes symptoms are mild but other times an asthma attack occurs where symptoms intensify or additional symptoms develop. Proper management is needed as there is currently no cure for asthma, but most people can live normal, active lives with today's treatments.
Asthma Triggers
The document discusses common asthma triggers such as tobacco smoke, dust mites, cockroaches, pets, mold, pollen, chemical irritants, and physical exercise. It provides tips for reducing exposure to each trigger, including using covers for mattresses and pillows, vacuuming regularly, keeping pets out of bedrooms, fixing leaks to prevent mold growth, talking to a doctor about seasonal allergies and exercise-induced asthma. The overall message is that controlling exposure to various indoor and outdoor triggers can help manage asthma symptoms.
Asthma Diagnosis
Your doctor will take your medical history, family history of asthma, do a physical exam listening to your breathing and looking for signs of asthma or allergies. They will also do lung function tests to check how your lungs are working and breathing tests. They may also do allergy skin tests to check for nasal allergies and give you medication to see if test results improve to help diagnose asthma.
Asthma Symptoms
This document discusses common asthma symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath, which often worsen at night or early morning and make it difficult to sleep. It notes that asthma symptoms may vary over time in frequency and severity for each individual. The document emphasizes that while symptoms are important to discuss with a doctor, they do not always mean a person has asthma, and a proper diagnosis from a medical professional is needed.
Seasonal Allergies
Seasonal allergies, also known as hay fever, are caused by an allergic reaction to pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds or mold spores. Common symptoms include a runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, and congestion. While avoidance of allergens is difficult, medications can help control symptoms, including over-the-counter antihistamines and prescription nasal steroids, decongestants, or sprays. Allergy shots are also available to reduce sensitivity to allergens over time.
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Anaphylaxis
- 2. Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction. It involves more than one organ system. For example it may involve the skin, the respiratory system, and the gastrointestinal tract (the digestive system). It can begin very rapidly, and can cause death. Anaphylaxis Image Credit: http://mrg.bz/bONqEu
- 3. Causes Food allergy Drug allergy Insect sting allergy Latex allergy Other types of allergies Image Credit: http://mrg.bz/7Rvvhv Anaphylaxis
- 4. Symptoms Many different parts of your body can be affected: Skin: itching, hives, redness, swelling Nose: sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose Mouth: itching, swelling of lips or tongue Throat: itching, tightness, swelling Chest: cough, wheeze, chest pain, tightness Heart: weak pulse, passing out, shock Gastrointestinal: vomiting, diarrhea, cramps Nervous system: dizziness or fainting Image Credit: http://mrg.bz/SPTVLD Anaphylaxis
- 5. How do I know? Anaphylaxis is highly likely if at least one of the following three conditions occurs: Your symptoms appear within minutes to several hours AND involve skin or swelling inside your mouth, AND you also have trouble breathing or have a drop in blood pressure. Swelling in your mouth, tongue, or throat Chest tightness, wheezing, shortness of breath Light headedness, dizziness, loss of consciousness Call 911, if you experience: Image Credit: http://mrg.bz/J9dDOg Anaphylaxis
- 6. Treatment Call 9-1-1, then… Inject the EpiPen (epinephrine) into the thigh muscle, as instructed by your doctor. Epinephrine acts immediately, but it may be necessary to give repeat doses. After epinephrine has been given, the patient can be placed in a reclining position with feet elevated to help restore normal blood flow. Image Credit: http://epipen.com/ Anaphylaxis