To watch my animated viedo on YouTube visit
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVHDGWfQhSU
To download my animated presentation visit:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/bbtayufrn1clnvh/Anaphylaxis.pptx
an extreme, often life-threatening allergic reaction to an antigen to which the body has become hypersensitive.,an extreme, often life-threatening allergic reaction to an antigen to which the body has become hypersensitive.
To watch my animated viedo on YouTube visit
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVHDGWfQhSU
To download my animated presentation visit:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/bbtayufrn1clnvh/Anaphylaxis.pptx
an extreme, often life-threatening allergic reaction to an antigen to which the body has become hypersensitive.,an extreme, often life-threatening allergic reaction to an antigen to which the body has become hypersensitive.
For more information:
http://www.7activestudio.com
info@7activestudio.com
http://www.7activemedical.com/
info@7activemedical.com
http://www.sciencetuts.com/
Contact: +91- 9700061777,
040-64501777 / 65864777
7 Active Technology Solutions Pvt.Ltd. is an educational 3D digital content provider for K-12. We also customise the content as per your requirement for companies platform providers colleges etc . 7 Active driving force "The Joy of Happy Learning" -- is what makes difference from other digital content providers. We consider Student needs, Lecturer needs and College needs in designing the 3D & 2D Animated Video Lectures. We are carrying a huge 3D Digital Library ready to use.
Anaphylaxis Management: Problems with the Current Paradigm and the need for ...Michael Langan, M.D.
Michael Langan, MD
Geriatrician, MGH Senior Health
September 10, 2012
Epi-Port (cartridge housing, portable, fashionable, easy to use)
Epi-Pod (cartridge, removable, replaceable)
A new drug delivery system for treatment of anaphylactic shock
Twist, Turn, Push (TTP)
From concept to patent to market
1:30P.M.-2:30P.M.
Fox Hill Village Auditorium
Sponsored by the MGH Wellness Center
*************************
For more information:
http://www.7activestudio.com
info@7activestudio.com
http://www.7activemedical.com/
info@7activemedical.com
http://www.sciencetuts.com/
Contact: +91- 9700061777,
040-64501777 / 65864777
7 Active Technology Solutions Pvt.Ltd. is an educational 3D digital content provider for K-12. We also customise the content as per your requirement for companies platform providers colleges etc . 7 Active driving force "The Joy of Happy Learning" -- is what makes difference from other digital content providers. We consider Student needs, Lecturer needs and College needs in designing the 3D & 2D Animated Video Lectures. We are carrying a huge 3D Digital Library ready to use.
Anaphylaxis Management: Problems with the Current Paradigm and the need for ...Michael Langan, M.D.
Michael Langan, MD
Geriatrician, MGH Senior Health
September 10, 2012
Epi-Port (cartridge housing, portable, fashionable, easy to use)
Epi-Pod (cartridge, removable, replaceable)
A new drug delivery system for treatment of anaphylactic shock
Twist, Turn, Push (TTP)
From concept to patent to market
1:30P.M.-2:30P.M.
Fox Hill Village Auditorium
Sponsored by the MGH Wellness Center
*************************
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
3. Terminology
• IgE-based antibody
Responses are common physiologically in
parasitic infections.
• Atopic individual
Genetic in an individual which is predisposition
to suffer from allergies. They produce IgE
responses against a number of non-parasitic
antigens that induce either no antibody
response or antibody response of a different
isotype.
4. Terminology
Beta-blockers (beta-adrenergic blocking antagonist)
are drugs that treat several conditions:
• Hypertension
• Angina
• Some abnormal heart rhythms
• Myocardial infarction
• Anxiety
• Migraine
• Glaucoma
6. Anaphylaxis
O Ana (without), phylaxis (protection).
O A serious acute allergic reaction that cause
systemic effects and may cause death. (Type
I Hypersensitivity)
O Allergen must be systemically absorbed
(Ingestion or injection) to cause Anaphylaxis
7. Etiology
Causes of anaphylaxis in a study of 266 patients
(Data from Kemp et al)
Food
2%
7%
Idiopathic
34%
20%
37%
Drugs
Exercise
Latex, hormons,
insect bites
13. Summary
These reaction can affect single tissue or organ
(Eczema, asthma and hay fever)
- Or multiple ones (anaphylaxis) depending on the
re-exposure of allergen.
Note: This process normally mediated by IgG or immune complex
18. Signs & Symptoms
Nose & mouth
Sneezing
runny nose
swelling of the tongue
nasal congestion
metallic taste
19. Signs & Symptoms
Lungs and throat
Difficulty breathing
coughing
chest tightness
wheezing or other
sounds
increased mucus
production
throat swelling or itching
change in voice
or a sensation of choking
20. Signs & Symptoms
Heart and circulation
Dizziness
weakness
rapid, slow, or irregular
heart rate
fainting
low blood pressure
24. Risk factor
• History of anaphylaxis, atopy, or asthma. (Some
not)
• Food allergy
• Repeated latex exposure
• β-blocker use may limit the effectiveness of
epinephrine, resulting in protracted anaphylaxis
and severe hypotension
27. Diagnosis
Diagnosis based on:
• Clinical presentation:
Involvement of any two or more body systems is
observed
• History of exposure to a possible triggers
laboratory tests.
28. Diagnostic test
• ECG to eliminate other causes of chest pain.
• Radiographs for chest and neck considering an alternate
diagnosis of epiglottitis or other acute respiratory condition
29. Diagnostic test
• Serum tryptase released along with histamine can be
measureable.
• Serum electrolytes
• CBC
• Clotting studies
• Prick test
exclude electrolyte
disturbances or bleeding that
is causing hypovolemia
30. Treatment and management
• Aim:
1. Full resolution of all associated symptoms.
2. Saving the patient's life in serious reactions
3. Prevention of further anaphylactic reactions.
31. Treatment and management
First linetherapy
Second-line therapy
counteract
treat hypotension
persistent
bronchospasm
Epinephrine
H1 Diphenhydramine
O2
Trendeleburg
Administration position
Supplemental H2 Cimetidine and
O2
ranitidine
Albuterol
IV adminstration
IV fluids
Methylprednis
olone
Glucagon for patient
taking Beta blockers
Corticosteriods
32. Treatment and management
1- Epinephrine
- ANTAGONIST
increase BP and
Bradycardia to
counter shock
- Inhibit further
mast cell
degranulation
2- Antihistamine 3to reduce
inflammation of
your air passages
and improve
breathing
O2
to help
compensate for
restricted
breathing
4- Albuterol
to relieve breathing
symptoms
33. Treatment and management
Epinephrine
Action speed When is it
used?
Dose
Intramuscular
Has rapid
onset action
Severe,
Anterolateral
of the middle
thigh
6< 0.15 mL
6-12 0.3mL
12< 0,5 mL
Intravenous
Has rapid
onset action
Severe,
should be
carefully
monitored
Slow
intravenous
injection
34. Prevention
• Allergen avoidance is the best preventive measure.
1- Diet
2-Physical activity
3- Carry auto-injector
4-Environment
5-Medication
6-Immunization
*Education is recommended about how to deal with this disease.
35. First aid
• Aim:
1. limiting allergic response.
2. decreasing the severity of the symptoms.
36. First aid
Place patient in
Trendelenburg position.
Establish and maintain
airway.
Give oxygen via nasal
cannula as needed.
Place a tourniquet
above the reaction site.
Epinephrine at the site
of antigen injection.
Start IV to rise BP.
37. Refernces
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Abbas: Basic immunology
BNF – 2013
Clincalkey.com
Kumar and Clarks Clinical Medicine
MDCONSULT.COM
AUSTRALIAN RESUSCITATION COUNCIL
http://www.resus.org.au/policy/guidelines/section_9/anaphyl
axis_first_aid_management.htm
Editor's Notes
which histamines are produced following exposure to the allergen
Allergn:type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body.
Downstream activation of phospholipase A2, followed by cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, produces arachidonic acid metabolites, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and platelet-activating factor.
Rhinitis: irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose. hoarseness:disorders of the voice: an impairment in the ability to produce voice sounds using the vocal organs Stridor:high-pitched musical sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the upper airway. Stridor is a physical sign which is caused by a narrowed or obstructed airway. Angioedema: rapid swellin(edema) of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue,[1] mucosa and submucosal tissues. It is very similar to urticaria, but urticaria, commonly known as hives, occurs in the upper dermis.Hypotension due to vascular dilationAirway obstruction due to laryngeal edema
(e.g., some combination of cutaneous, respiratory, GI, or cardiovascular systems)
- Large volumes of intravenous fluids may be required due to marked peripheral vasodilationAlbuterol: is indicated for bronchospasm refractory to epinephrineDiphenhydramine: Life-threatening instances of anaphylaxis must be managed using other methods (eg, subcutaneous or intravenous epinephrine)H2 antagonists are indicated for persistent anaphylaxisCorticosteroids are indicated for the prevention of prolonged or recurrent symptomsGlucagon is indicated for epinephrine-resistant anaphylaxis in patients taking β-blockers
Diet:Identify food allergies and avoid the causative foodIn case of accidental exposure, seek medical attention immediatelyPhysical activity:In cases of exercise-induced anaphylaxis, stop exercising as soon as symptoms occurAvoid exercise for 4 to 6 hours after eatingSexual behavior:Rare cases of anaphylaxis from semen have been reportedCondoms should be used to avoid contact with semen if this is a cause of anaphylaxis. Patients who are latex-sensitive should avoid condoms made of latexEnvironment:Avoid areas where Hymenoptera species are presentWear protective clothing such as long-sleeved shirts, pants, socks, shoes, and hats when exposure cannot be avoided, and avoid wearing bright colors when going outsideLatex-induced anaphylaxis should be identified, and all contact with latex products should be avoidedMedication history:Patients at risk for anaphylaxis should not take β-blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, or tricyclic antidepressants. All of these interfere with drug treatment or the body's ability to respond to anaphylaxisImmunization:Desensitization may be possible with some known allergensOther:Avoid known family allergens; some are known to have a genetic basis, although this is a rare occurrence
