This document analyzes the soft story effect in multi-story buildings located in seismic zone 4 of India. A soft story is defined as a story with significantly less stiffness than adjacent stories, often due to large open spaces. The document describes a model of a 21-story building analyzed using ETABS software. Results show increased displacement and drift when soft stories are located at lower floors compared to upper floors. Design of structural elements in soft stories must account for increased lateral loads during earthquakes. Providing shear walls can increase story stiffness and improve seismic performance of buildings with soft stories.
Seismic Analysis of G 10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Wall...ijtsrd
Shear walls are specially designed structural members provided in the multi storey buildings to resist lateral forces. These walls have very high in plane strength and stiffness, which can resist large horizontal forces and can support gravity loads. There are lots of literatures available to design and analyse the shear wall. Ravi Kumar Vishwakarma | Vipin Kumar Tiwari "Seismic Analysis of G+10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Walls using Etabs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43646.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/structural-engineering/43646/seismic-analysis-of-g10-storey-building-with-various-locations-of-shear-walls-using-etabs/ravi-kumar-vishwakarma
Pushover is a static-nonlinear analysis method where a structure is subjected to gravity loading and a monotonic displacement-controlled lateral load pattern which continuously increases through elastic and inelastic behavior until an ultimate condition is reached. Lateral load may represent the range of base shear induced by earthquake loading, and its configuration may be proportional to the distribution of mass along building height, mode shapes, or another practical means.
The static pushover analysis is becoming a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. The expectation is that the pushover analysis will provide adequate information on seismic demands imposed by the design ground motion on the structural system and its components. The purpose of the paper is to summarize the basic concepts on which the pushover analysis can be based, assess the accuracy of pushover predictions, identify conditions under which the pushover will provide adequate information and, perhaps more importantly, identify cases in which the pushover predictions will be inadequate or even misleading.
The Pushover Analysis from basics - Rahul LeslieRahul Leslie
Pushover analysis has been in the academic-research arena for quite long. The papers published in this field usually deals mostly with proposed improvements to the approach, expecting the reader to know the basics of the topic... while the common structural design practitioner, not knowing the basics, is left out from participating in those discussions. Here I’m making an effort to bridge that gap by explaining the Pushover analysis, from basics, in its simplicity.
A write up on this topic can be found at http://rahulleslie.blogspot.in/p/blog-page.html, though does not cover the full spectrum presented in this slide show.
Seismic Analysis of G 10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Wall...ijtsrd
Shear walls are specially designed structural members provided in the multi storey buildings to resist lateral forces. These walls have very high in plane strength and stiffness, which can resist large horizontal forces and can support gravity loads. There are lots of literatures available to design and analyse the shear wall. Ravi Kumar Vishwakarma | Vipin Kumar Tiwari "Seismic Analysis of G+10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Walls using Etabs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43646.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/structural-engineering/43646/seismic-analysis-of-g10-storey-building-with-various-locations-of-shear-walls-using-etabs/ravi-kumar-vishwakarma
Pushover is a static-nonlinear analysis method where a structure is subjected to gravity loading and a monotonic displacement-controlled lateral load pattern which continuously increases through elastic and inelastic behavior until an ultimate condition is reached. Lateral load may represent the range of base shear induced by earthquake loading, and its configuration may be proportional to the distribution of mass along building height, mode shapes, or another practical means.
The static pushover analysis is becoming a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. The expectation is that the pushover analysis will provide adequate information on seismic demands imposed by the design ground motion on the structural system and its components. The purpose of the paper is to summarize the basic concepts on which the pushover analysis can be based, assess the accuracy of pushover predictions, identify conditions under which the pushover will provide adequate information and, perhaps more importantly, identify cases in which the pushover predictions will be inadequate or even misleading.
The Pushover Analysis from basics - Rahul LeslieRahul Leslie
Pushover analysis has been in the academic-research arena for quite long. The papers published in this field usually deals mostly with proposed improvements to the approach, expecting the reader to know the basics of the topic... while the common structural design practitioner, not knowing the basics, is left out from participating in those discussions. Here I’m making an effort to bridge that gap by explaining the Pushover analysis, from basics, in its simplicity.
A write up on this topic can be found at http://rahulleslie.blogspot.in/p/blog-page.html, though does not cover the full spectrum presented in this slide show.
Grillage Analysis of T-Beam bridge, Box culvert and their Limit State Design; components of Bridges and loads acting on bridges are presented in this slide.
analysis and design of mutistoried residential building by using staad pro
we considered g+4 residential building
ANYLYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING BY USING ETABS
copy below Link to view presentation
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/analysis-and-design-of-high-rise-building-by-using-etabs
vamsiila@gmail.com
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH RISE BUILDING BY USING ETABSila vamsi krishna
RESULT OF ANALYSIS:
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/results-of-etabs-on-high-rise-residential-buildings
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDING BY USING STAAD PRO PPT link :
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/analysis-and-design-of-mutistoried-residential-building-by-using-staad-pro
FOR FULL REPORT:
vamsiila@gmail.com
ANALYSIS & DESIGN ASPECTS OF PRE-STRESSED MEMBERS USING F.R.P. TENDONSGirish Singh
The purpose of this investigation is mainly a brief explanation about the advantages of FRP over steel. The various uses and advantages of FRP are explained in this project. In this project, we have taken a section of 3m length, 200mm width and 300mm depth and using a parabolic tendon of eccentricity 100mm at the centre. We have design the section for FRP as well as steel with the above data. The final stresses obtained is being verified with the help of Ansys software. We have shown the result of steel straight tendon only in this mini project.
Seismic performance of a rc frame with soft storey criteriaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Soft first storey is a typical feature in the modern multi-storey constructions in urban India. Social and functional need to provide parking space at ground level leads seismic vulnerability of such a building. The computer software usage in civil engineering has greatly reduced the complexities of different aspects in the analysis and design of projects. In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate the seismic behaviour of a multi-storey building with soft first storey. When subjected to seismic loads, it was observed that soft storey frames are less resistant when compared to infill frames.
Keywords: Masonry Infill (MI), Soft storey, relative stiffness, Diagonal strut, Base shear, response spectrum analysis, Time history analysis.
Grillage Analysis of T-Beam bridge, Box culvert and their Limit State Design; components of Bridges and loads acting on bridges are presented in this slide.
analysis and design of mutistoried residential building by using staad pro
we considered g+4 residential building
ANYLYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING BY USING ETABS
copy below Link to view presentation
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/analysis-and-design-of-high-rise-building-by-using-etabs
vamsiila@gmail.com
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH RISE BUILDING BY USING ETABSila vamsi krishna
RESULT OF ANALYSIS:
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/results-of-etabs-on-high-rise-residential-buildings
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDING BY USING STAAD PRO PPT link :
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/analysis-and-design-of-mutistoried-residential-building-by-using-staad-pro
FOR FULL REPORT:
vamsiila@gmail.com
ANALYSIS & DESIGN ASPECTS OF PRE-STRESSED MEMBERS USING F.R.P. TENDONSGirish Singh
The purpose of this investigation is mainly a brief explanation about the advantages of FRP over steel. The various uses and advantages of FRP are explained in this project. In this project, we have taken a section of 3m length, 200mm width and 300mm depth and using a parabolic tendon of eccentricity 100mm at the centre. We have design the section for FRP as well as steel with the above data. The final stresses obtained is being verified with the help of Ansys software. We have shown the result of steel straight tendon only in this mini project.
Seismic performance of a rc frame with soft storey criteriaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Soft first storey is a typical feature in the modern multi-storey constructions in urban India. Social and functional need to provide parking space at ground level leads seismic vulnerability of such a building. The computer software usage in civil engineering has greatly reduced the complexities of different aspects in the analysis and design of projects. In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate the seismic behaviour of a multi-storey building with soft first storey. When subjected to seismic loads, it was observed that soft storey frames are less resistant when compared to infill frames.
Keywords: Masonry Infill (MI), Soft storey, relative stiffness, Diagonal strut, Base shear, response spectrum analysis, Time history analysis.
Modelling Building Frame with STAAD.Pro & ETABS - Rahul LeslieRahul Leslie
A basic tutorial to learn the concepts of modelling RC building in an Analysis/Design package -- STAAD.Pro & ETABS are in focus here, but concepts are applicable for any package. Good for novice in structural designing, and also B.Tech / BE / BSc (Engg) / BS students wising to do 'design of multi-storied RC building' as their final year project.
Seismic Drift Consideration in soft storied RCC buildings: A Critical ReviewIJERD Editor
Reinforced concrete frame buildings are becoming increasingly common in urban India. Many such
buildings constructed in recent times have a special feature – the ground storey is left open for the purpose of
parking, i.e., columns in the ground floor do not have any partition walls (of either masonry or
Reinforced concrete) between them. Such buildings are often called open ground storey buildings. The
relative horizontal displacement in the ground storey is much larger than storeys above it. The total horizontal
earthquake force it can carry in the ground storey is significantly smaller than storeys above it. The soft or weak
storey may exist at any storey level other than ground storey level. The presence of walls in upper storeys
makes them much stiffer than the open ground storey. Still Multi storey reinforced concrete buildings are
continuing to be built in India which has open ground storeys. It is imperative to know the behavior of
soft storey building to the seismic load for designing various retrofit strategies. Hence it is important to
study and understand the response of such buildings and make such buildings earthquake resistant based
on the study to prevent their collapse and to save the loss of life and property.
Review on seismic performance of multi storied rc building with soft storeyeSAT Journals
Abstract Soft storey is a storey in which the stiffness is less than 70% of the storey above or less than 80% of the combined stiffness of three storeys above. In a multi-storied building, soft storey is adopted to accommodate parking which is an unavoidable feature. This open ground storey is vulnerable to collapse during earthquake. Soft storey in a building causes stiffness irregularity in a structure. Due to this the structures undergoes unequal storey drift, formation of plastic hinges and finally collapse. The presence of infill wall improves the performance of building under the lateral forces. This paper deals with the study of literature of previous researches. These researches focus on the combination of measures adopted on the structure to reduce the effect of soft storey through static and dynamic analysis. The parameters studied in these researches are storey drift, axial and shear forces bending moment, displacement, time period, base shear. Also, it focuses on the equivalent strut approach to consider the effect of infill wall on the performance on building. From these researches, the interest arises to perform static and dynamic analysis to reduce the stiffness irregularity which is the main reason behind the poor performance of the building with soft storey. Keywords: Soft storey, Stiffness, Storey drift, Lateral Displacement, Infill wall
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In this paper, an attempt has been made to compare the
structural cost of a basement, ground and 6 upper floors building with and without the provision of
soft storey (Stilt floor) through dynamic analysis of a residential building in Zone-V
Review on Effective utilization of RCC Shear walls for Design of Soft Storey ...IJERA Editor
Multi-storey buildings in metropolitan cities require open taller first storey for parking of vehicle and/or for retail shopping, large space for meeting room or a banking hall owing to lack of horizontal space and high cost. Due to these functional requirements, the first storey has lesser strength and stiffness as compared to upper stories, which are stiffened by masonry infill walls. Increased flexibility of first storey results in extreme deflections, which in turn, leads to concentration of forces at the second storey connections accompanied by large plastic deformation. In addition, most of the energy developed during the earthquake is dissipated by the column of the soft stories. In this process the plastic hinges are formed at the ends of column, which transform the soft stories into a mechanism. In such cases the collapse is unavoidable. Therefore, the soft stories deserve a special consideration in analysis and design
Seismic Behavior of Multi-Storey Building With Soft Storey Considering Differ...IJERA Editor
Now a day’s in RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) structure as an open first storey is generally provided for social and functional need in multistory building. They are used for parking, communicaton halls, intercourse hall or any other purposes. In RCC framed multistory building the walls are not considered as a part of structures, but from recent studies it shows that partition wall by using different infill materials helps to improve the strength of building against lateral load. An infill material provides stiffness to the RCC framed structures. Soft storey at different levels of multistory building is constructed. Investigations of past and recent earthquake damage have illustrated that the building structures are severe damage or collapse during moderate to strong ground motion. In this paper reviews various research works carried out by several researchers on seismic behavior of multi-storied buildings provided with different infill materials with soft storey
An Analysis of a Tall Structure with Shear Panel and floating Columns in Seis...ijtsrd
For effective design and good construction practises of multistory buildings, numerous prior studies have been conducted. When an earthquake strikes a palace, seismic stresses are produced at the buildings floor level. A variety of structure damage was seen after the earthquake. This study was conducted in seismic zone IV. In this work, we examine how tall structures with and without floating columns behave seismically. There are various situations in multistory buildings when it may be difficult to place a column in a certain spot.This study compares two multistory buildings, one of which supports its columns directly from the ground, and the other of which has floating columns in various locations. We prepared the model for the same height, the same plan, and the same loading condition for this analysis using the Staad Pro software. We are using an 11 story building with a 33.8 meter overall height and a layout that measures 18.92 by 19.78 metres for our analysis. There are 50 columns in the building, and 12 of them are supported by ground floor beams rather than the ground.These columns are termed as floating columns. We are providing a shear panels in those locations where the columns are supported. This shear wall transfers the load coming from the floating columns to the wall supporting columns. By considering these conditions we analysis both structures and find out the results of using floating columns in the same building. In this analysis to comparison of behavior of tall buildings using with and without floating column is concluded on parameters maximum beam moment, maximum beam shear and maximum nodal deflection and volume of concrete and volume of steel .. By considering these conditions we analysis both structures and find out the results of using floating columns in the same building. There is small difference in quantity of concrete in building having floating columns and building without floating columns. The Quantity of concrete for building having floating columns is 654.6 CUM and for Building without floating columns is666.4 CUM. In this study we concluded that with increase in ground floor column the maximum displacement inter storey drift values are reducing. Munish Kumar Singh | Prof. Afzal Khan "An Analysis of a Tall Structure with Shear Panel and floating Columns in Seismic Zone IV by STAAD Pro Software" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57441.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/civil-engineering/57441/an-analysis-of-a-tall-structure-with-shear-panel-and-floating-columns-in-seismic-zone-iv-by-staad-pro-software/munish-kumar-singh
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ANALYSIS OF SOFT STOREY FOR MULTI STORYED BUILDING IN ZONE-4
1. 1
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
ANALYSIS OF SOFT STOREY FOR MULTI STORYED
BUILDING IN ZONE-4
S.uttamraj1*
, K. Mythili2
1 Research Scholar, Department Of Civil Engineering, Aurora's Scientific Technological & Research Academy, Hyderabad, India
2 Assistant professor , Department Of Civil Engineering, Aurora's Scientific Technological & Research Academy, Hyderabad, India
*Corresponding Author:
S.uttamraj ,
Research Scholar, Department Of Civil Engineering,
Aurora's Scientific Technological & Research Academy,
Hyderabad, India
Published: September 15, 2014
Review Type: peer reviewed
Volume: I, Issue : I
Citation: S.uttamraj , Research Scholar (2014) ANALY-
SIS OF SOFT STOREY FOR MULTI STRYED BUILDING
IN ZONE-4
INTRODUCTION
Soft-Storey
•A soft story building is a multi-story building with
one or more floors which are “soft” due to struc-
tural design. Soft story buildings are characterized
by having a story which has a lot of open space such
as parking garages, or large retail spaces or floors
with a lot of windows. This soft story creates a major
weak point in an earthquake, since soft stories are
classically associated with retail spaces and park-
ing garages, they are often on the lower stories of a
building, and the upper floors of most buildings are
more rigid than their base floors. As a result, the
seismic behaviors of the base and the upper floors
are significantly different from each other. This phe-
nomenon is called as the soft-story irregularity.
“.
•If a building has a floor which is 70% less stiff
than the floor above it, is considered as a soft story
building. While the unobstructed space of the soft
story might be aesthetically or commercially desir-
able, it also means that there are less opportunities
to install shear walls, specialized walls which are
designed to distribute lateral forces so that a build-
ing can cope with the swaying characteristic of an
earthquake.
•Soft story also exists at intermediate floors too,
floors which are “soft” due to structural design.
These floors can be especially dangerous in earth-
quakes, because they cannot cope with the lateral
forces caused by the swaying of the building during
a quake. As a result, the soft story may fail, causing
what is known as a soft story collapse.
•Soft storey is the one of which the rigidity is lower
than any other storey’s due to the fact that it has
not got the walls with the same properties the other
ones have Soft storey’s are generally present at the
entrance floor (ground floor) of the buildings. This
situation depends on the constructional purpose.
Abstract
Multi-storey buildings are becoming increasingly common in developed and developing countries with the increase in
urbanization all over the world. Many of these buildings do not have structural walls at ground floor level to increase the
flexibility of the space for recreational use such as parking or for retail or commercial use. these buildings which pos-
sess storey that are significantly weaker or more flexible than adjacent storey are known as soft storey buildings, these
are characterized by having a story which has a lot of open space. while the unobstructed space of the soft story might
be aesthetically or commercially desirable, it also means that there are less opportunities to install shear walls, special-
ized walls which are designed to distribute lateral forces so that a building can cope with the swaying characteristic of
an earthquake.
Soft-storey is also called as flexible storey. a large number of buildings with soft storey have been built in recent year.
but it showed poor performance during past earthquake. soft story’s are subjected to larger lateral loads during earth-
quakes and under lateral loads their lateral deformations are greater than those of other floors so the design of struc-
tural members of soft stories is critical and it should be different from the upper floors.
In this thesis “ analysis of soft-storey for high rise building in zone ” 4“, applying the finite element approach to analyse
and explore the behaviour of soft-storey at different floor level of building under seismic load actions and wind load ac-
tions respectively .
ALL ANALYSIS IS CARRIED OUT BY SOFTWARE ETABS. BASE SHEAR, STOREY DISPLACEMENT, STOREY DRIFT IS
CALCULATED AND COMPARED FOR ALL MODELS.
1401-1402
2. 2
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
Structural Description
The Building analyzed is a G+21 structure, 64.5
meter tall located in 4th zone of india with a gross
area of 780 square meter. The analysis of building
with soft-storey at different floor level is carried out
for seismic design and wind design resp.
Soft-Storey
INFILLED WALL OF W-230 mm (9” inch) thick wall
is provided all around the structure & with walls in-
side the structure, the inner walls are 115 mm thick
plays an important role in increasing the stiffness of
building so they are considered in the analysis.
Columns:C 900 x 900 mm of M40 grade up to 20th
floor
Perspective Plan View Of G+20 Storied Building
Scope & Objective :
The major aim of this unique project is to study the load
deflection behavior of soft storey buildings when sub-
jected to lateral loading and to develop a representative
seismic performance assessment procedure for soft sto-
rey buildings subject to different levels of ground shaking.
Safety and minimum damage level of a structure could
be the prime requirement of high rise buildings with soft
stories to meet these requirements; the structure should
have adequate lateral strength, lateral stiffness, and suf-
ficient ductility. Among the various structural systems,
shear wall-concrete frame could be a point of choice for
the designer hence the objective of this paper is to study
the effect of soft story on structural behavior of high rise
buildings and seismic response of soft story structures
with shear wall. Also compare the soft story structural
response of high rise building with various type of shear
wall arrangement on building and finding of optimum
design of earthquake resistance soft story buildings by
considering of required performance level. & one of the
most frequent reasons of the soft story behavior is the
abrupt change in the amount of the infill walls between
stories. As the infill walls are not regarded as a part of
load carrying system, generally engineers do not consider
their effects on the structural behavior. Therefore, many
engineer are not conscious enough about soft story occur-
rence because of infill walls, and required attention is not
provided. In this study, effect of infill walls on structural
behavior, especially for the soft story, is investigated in
order to increase the level of knowledge and awareness.
A comparative study was performed on 3-D analysis mod-
el created in ETABS [9], a commercial computer program
for the analysis of structures.
Earthquake Effect on Soft-Storey for High Rise Building
Symmetrical constructions in both plan and height show
a better resistance during an earthquake than those that
do not have this symmetry. Since the presence of a soft
storey which has less rigidity than other storey’s spoils
the perpendicular symmetry of the construction and if
this fact was not taken into consideration, it causes the
construction to be affected by the quake. Because the col-
umns in this part are forced by the quake more than the
ones in the other parts of the building. & the walls in-
crease the rigidity at a certain degree in the construction.
There is 15 % difference of rigidity between a storey with
walls and the one without any walls. During an earth-
quake more moment and shear strength fall on the col-
umns and walls in the entrance floors than the one in the
upper storey’s. If the walls that exist in other storey do not
exist in the entrance floor, these columns are forced more
those in other storeys. Due to the fact that there is less
rigidity in soft storey.
To transfer lateral load from floor diaphragm to the foun-
dation suitable vertical elements are required. They may
be moment resisting frames, shear walls, bearings or a
combination of these. Shear wall is essentially a column
with large depth and small width. In general shear wall
tend to be laterally much stiffer than moment resisting
frames. It is necessary to design the frame for at least
25% of design force in case of structure having a combi-
nation of shear wall and moment resisting frame. This is
essential because if shear wall fails, there may be sudden
collapse of building.
Soft storey attracts plastic deformation resulting in the
collapse of the building. Many such failures due to soft
storey were observed for a good seismic performance it
is necessary to have high redundancy, thus even after
failure of one of the member the structure may not fail.
If they are monolithically connected to each other and if
yielding takes place in one of them then redistribution of
forces takes place.
Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structure I
S 1893 : 2002
3. 3
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
The earthquake zoning map of India divides India
into 4 seismic zones (Zone 2, 3, 4 and 5) unlike its
previous version which consisted of five or six zones
for the country. According to the present zoning
map, Zone 5 expects the highest level of seismicity
whereas Zone 2 is associated with the lowest level
of seismicity.
Behavior of Buildings in past earthquakes:
Failures can be categorized as follows-
Failure due to building structure
Building as a whole
Individual members
Failures due to soil conditions
Structural collapse may occur at any level and may
be due to lateral or torsional displacements, local
failure of supporting members, excessive founda-
tion movement and it may also be due to impact of
very close adjoining structure which collapse during
the earthquake.
Design Consideration- for- Lateral Load Bearing
Member
Lateral Load Bearing Members:
In framed buildings, horizontal forces due to wind or
earthquake are resisted by frames in proportion to
their rigidities. In tall buildings of moderate heights
(say, up to 20 story), where both frames and shear
walls must be provided, horizontal forces are as-
sumed to be fully resisted by shear walls alone, with
frames being designed being designed for at least
25% of the total horizontal load. For taller buildings,
the rigidity of shear walls in the upper storey gets
reduced due to the accumulation of deflection of the
storey’s below, necessitating joint participation of
frames and shear walls to resist shear walls alone,
is hen no more valid and more accurate methods
must be adopted to apportion the horizontal shear
between frames and shear walls.
Problems involved in the analysis of shear wall
structures which, in essence, means to determine
the share of storey shear resisted by each sheet wall
for each storey in succession. It is assumed or that
the frames, if present, do not participate in ninety
rigid in its own plane or at least it is more rigid than
any of the shear walls joining it and that the foun-
dation of shear wall is sufficiently rigid to ensure its
fixity at base.
Architectural features:
A desire to create an aesthetic and functionally ef-
ficient structure drives architects to conceive won-
derful and imaginative structures. Sometimes the
shape of the building catches the eye of the visitor,
sometimes the structural system of work together
to make the structure a marvel. However, each of
these choices of shapes and structure has signifi-
cant bearing on the performance of the building
during past earthquake across the world is very ed-
ucative in identifying structural configurations that
are desirable versus those which must be avoided.
Size of buildings:
In tall buildings with large height- to-base size ratio,
the horizontal movement of the floors during ground
shaking is large. In short but very long buildings,
the damaging effect during earthquake shaking are
many. And, in buildings with large plan area like
warehouses, the horizontal seismic forces can be
excessive to be carried by columns and walls.
Seismic Analysis Method:
When a structure is subjected to earthquake, it re-
sponds by vibrating. An earthquake force can be
resolved into three mutually perpendicular direc-
tions-the two horizontal directions (x and y) and
the vertical direction (z). This motion causes the
structure to vibrate or shake in all three directions;
the predominant direction of shaking is horizontal.
All the structures are primarily designed for grav-
ity loads-force equal to mass time’s gravity in the
vertical direction. Because of the inherent factor of
safety used in the design specifications, most struc-
tures tend to be adequately protected against ver-
tical shaking. Vertical acceleration should also be
considered in structures with large spans, those
in which stability for design, or for overall stability
analysis of structures.
Properties Of Buildings
In modeling building frame, the following material
properties and geometrical properties was used
for beam, columns, masonry infill. Normal weight
concrete was chosen for finite element analysis of
building frames respectively.
•Symmetry Condition s: Unsymmetrical
Irregular Building.
•Plan dimensions : 32mX24m.
•Column Size Up to 20th Floor: 900mm X 900mm.
•Beam Size :300mm X 600mm.
•Beam Size ( Near Core Wall ) :750mm X 750mm.
•Slab Thickness : 200mm
•Typical floor Height : 3m
•Plinth level Height : 1.5m
•Number-Of-Floors : G+20 Upper Floor
•Support Condition : Fixed
•Type of Soil : Medium Type 2
• Zone : IV
4. 4
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
S T A T I C L O A D C A S E S
STATIC CASE AUTO LAT SELF WT NOTIONAL NOTIONAL
CASE TYPE LOAD MULTIPLIER FACTOR DIRECTION
DL DEAD N/A 1.0000
LL LIVE N/A 0.0000
EQX QUAKE IS1893 2002 0.0000
EQXP QUAKE IS1893 2002 0.0000
EQXN QUAKE IS1893 2002 0.0000
EQY QUAKE IS1893 2002 0.0000
EQYP QUAKE IS1893 2002 0.0000
EQYN QUAKE IS1893 2002 0.0000
WX WIND IS875 1987 0.0000
WY WIND IS875 1987 0.0000
Displacement Graph For Soft-Storey @ Different
Floors
Displacement Graph For Soft Storey @ Different
Floor
Drift Graph For Soft Storey @ Different Floor
Displacement Of Soft-Storey @ Ground Floor Is
Compared With Soft-Storey @ 5 Th Floor
5. 5
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
Drift Of Soft-Storey @ Ground Floor Is Com-
pared With Soft-Storey @ 5 Th Floor.
Base Shear Tabular Static Analysis Eqx
Story Load VX
ROOF EQX -815
20TH STORY EQX -1896
19TH STORY EQX -2905.1
18TH STORY EQX -3769
17TH STORY EQX -5306.9
16TH STORY EQX -5931.38
15TH STORY EQX -6459.77
14TH STORY EQX -6964.14
13TH STORY EQX -7348
12TH STORY EQX -7684.68
11TH STORY EQX -7948.18
10TH STORY EQX -8213.9
9TH STORY EQX -8405.3
8TH STORY EQX -8545.3
7TH STORY EQX -8765
6TH STORY EQX -8780.48
5TH STORY EQX -8800.45
4TH STORY EQX -8831.55
3TH STORY EQX -8841.67
2ND STORY EQX -8850.34
IST STORY EQX -8861.38
BASE EQX -8861.4
Story Shear Displaying Value For Eqx For Soft
Storey At Ground Floor In Zone - 4
Base Shear Tabular Static Analysis Eqx For
Zone--4
Base Shear Tabular Static Analysis EQY
Story Load VX
ROOF EQY -632.4
20TH STORY EQY -1470.57
19TH STORY EQY -2253.49
18TH STORY EQY -2961.55
17TH STORY EQY -3576.9
16TH STORY EQY -4116.8
15TH STORY EQY -4601.7
14TH STORY EQY -5029.78
13TH STORY EQY -5383.69
12TH STORY EQY -5700
11TH STORY EQY -5979.8
10TH STORY EQY -6184.87
9TH STORY EQY -6399
8TH STORY EQY -6520
7TH STORY EQY -6632
6TH STORY EQY -6725
5TH STORY EQY -6881
4TH STORY EQY -6818
3TH STORY EQY -6825
2ND STORY EQY -6835
IST STORY EQY -6855
BASE EQY -6855
6. 6
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
Base Shear Tabular Wind Analysis Wy
Story Load VY
ROOF WY -163.54
20TH STORY WY 344.25
19TH STORY WY 533.74
18TH STORY WY 714.73
17TH STORY WY 920.4
16TH STORY WY 1101.31
15TH STORY WY 1265
14TH STORY WY 1430
12TH STORY WY 1594
11TH STORY WY 1751
10TH STORY WY 1907
9TH STORY WY 2047
8TH STORY WY 2187
7TH STORY WY 2294
6TH STORY WY 2401
5TH STORY WY 2508
4TH STORY WY 2698
3TH STORY WY 2796
2ND STORY WY 2889
IST STORY WY 2997
GRNDLVL WY 2996.99
Base Shear In Zone-4 For Wind Analysis Wx
Base Shear Tabular Dynamics Analysis Spec1-
For Zone-4
Story Load VX
ROOF SPEC-1 565.98
20TH STORY SPEC-1 1214.78
19TH STORY SPEC-1 1739.34
18TH STORY SPEC-1 2125.86
17TH STORY SPEC-1 2415.75
16TH STORY SPEC-1 2636.41
15TH STORY SPEC-1 2861.67
14TH STORY SPEC-1 2981.73
13TH STORY SPEC-1 3105.97
12TH STORY SPEC-1 3230.97
11TH STORY SPEC-1 3230.12
10TH STORY SPEC-1 3368.25
9TH STORY SPEC-1 3520.10
8TH STORY SPEC-1 3699.55
7TH STORY SPEC-1 3906.62
6TH STORY SPEC-1 4113.69
5TH STORY SPEC-1 4320.75
4TH STORY SPEC-1 4541.42
3TH STORY SPEC-1 4734.88
2ND STORY SPEC-1 4900.53
IST STORY SPEC-1 5038.57
BASE SPEC-1 5079.57
Base Shear In Zone-4 For Dynamic Analysis
Spec-1
7. 7
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
Discussion Of Results
Using Etabs-9.6 Software The Soft-Storey For High
Rise Building In Zone-4 Is Analyzed For Different
Floor Levels I.E. (Soft-Storey @ Ground Floor, @ 5th
Floor, @ 10th Floor & 15th Floor). From The Very
Limited Study Done An Attempt Has Been Made To
Draw The Following General & Specific Conclusion.
The result of the present study shows that soft-sto-
rey floor will have very determinant effect on struc-
tural behavior of building and structural capacity
under lateral loads. Displacement and relative story
drifts are affected by the structural irregularities.
Scope For Further Study
The present study is confirmed to anlysis of soft-
storey for high rise building in zone-4 for different
floor levels, the study may however be extended to
soft-storey with openings at different location &
with percentage of shear walls.
Conclusion
• The Soft-Storey For High Rise Building In Zone-
4 Is Analyzed For Different Floor Levels I.E.
(Soft-Storey @ Ground Floor, @ 5th Floor, @
10th Floor & 15th Floor). From The Very Lim-
ited Study Done An Attempt Has Been Made To
Draw The Following General & Specific Conclu-
sion.
• The result of the present study shows that soft-
storey floor will have very determinant effect on
structural behavior of building and structural
capacity under lateral loads. Displacement and
relative story drifts are affected by the structural
irregularities.
• Displacement: The displacement in the struc-
ture due to seismic effect for soft storey at differ-
ent floor is tabulated below. Check any displace-
ment (especially wind load) by H/500.
• Storey drift: The drift in the structure due to
seismic effect for soft storey at different floor is.
As per Indian standard, Criteria for earthquake
resistant design of structures, IS 1893 (Part 1):
2002, the storey drift in any storey due to ser-
vice load shall not exceed 0.004 times the storey
height.
shear wall W/O 5% 10% 15%
STOREY ROOF ROOF ROOF ROOF
Displacements
in x
0.007728 0.013457 0.008601 0.007190
Increase values
in %
4.74% 11.28% 13%
Displacements
in y
0.00170 0.02498 0.00092 0.020320
Increase values
in %
13% 45% 10.95%
References
1.IS: 456 – 2000 – Code of practice for plain and
Reinforced concrete.
2.IS 1893(part 1) – 2002 : Criteria for Earthquake
resistant Design of structures
3.IS: 875(part 1) – 1987 – Code of practice for de-
sign loads (Other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures – Dead loads.
4.IS: 875(part 2) – 1987 – Code of practice for de-
sign loads (Other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures – Imposed loads
5.IS: 875(part 3) – 1987 – Code of practice for de-
sign loads (Other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures – Wind loads.
6.Mark Fintel – Hand book of concrete engineering ,
second edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors-New
Delhi, 2004
7.U H Varyani – Structural Design of Multistoried
Buildings, Second edition, South Asian Publishers
– New Delhi, 2002
8.Anil K. Chopra – Dynamics of structures: Theory
and applications to Earthquake Engineering , Sec-
ond edition, Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. ltd
2005
9.Dr V. L. Shah &Dr S.R. Karve – Illustrated de-
sign of Reinforced concrete buildings (fifth edition) ,
Structures publications-Pune, 2005
10.C.V.R Murthy – Earthquake Tips, Indian Insti-
tute of Technology Kanpur , Sponsored by Building
Materials and Technology Promotion Council, New
Delhi, 2004
Author
S.uttamraj1*
,
Research Scholar, Department Of Civil Engineering,
Aurora's Scientific Technological & Research Academy,
Hyderabad, India.
K. Mythili2
Assosiate professor, Department Of Civil Engineering,
Aurora's Scientific Technological & Research Academy,
Hyderabad, India