Multi-storey buildings in metropolitan cities require open taller first storey for parking of vehicle and/or for retail shopping, large space for meeting room or a banking hall owing to lack of horizontal space and high cost. Due to these functional requirements, the first storey has lesser strength and stiffness as compared to upper stories, which are stiffened by masonry infill walls. Increased flexibility of first storey results in extreme deflections, which in turn, leads to concentration of forces at the second storey connections accompanied by large plastic deformation. In addition, most of the energy developed during the earthquake is dissipated by the column of the soft stories. In this process the plastic hinges are formed at the ends of column, which transform the soft stories into a mechanism. In such cases the collapse is unavoidable. Therefore, the soft stories deserve a special consideration in analysis and design
STUDY ON SEISMIC EFFECT OF HIGH RISE BUILDING SHEAR WALL/WALL WITHOUT SHEAR WALLIAEME Publication
Objective: In this paper the analytical study on the lateral behaviour of the structure is mainly concentrated and how it is varying in the different zones of zone II and zone III with different storey heights of a 6storey, 11storey, and 16storey structure. The study also involves the orientation of shear wall. Method in this study the behaviour of lateral displacements induced on or after earthquakes. Concrete shear walls are used to resist the lateral displacement owing to earthquake vibrations. Shear walls can be placed around the building as periphery walls, around the lift and beside the staircase. Filing the buildings are modelled with floor area of 32mx28m. with 8 bays along 32m span and 7 bays along 28m and apiece bay width of 4m .the lateral displacement of the structure is compared in OMRF &SMRF and the lateral displacement values of current floor level to another floor level should reach storey drift, the analysis is done in staadprov8i.findingthe lateral displacements of the structure is compared in OMRF & SMRF and it is found that lateral displacement is less in SMRF compare with OMRF.
ANALYSIS OF SOFT STOREY FOR MULTI STORYED BUILDING IN ZONE-4Ijripublishers Ijri
Multi-storey buildings are becoming increasingly common in developed and developing countries with the increase in
urbanization all over the world. Many of these buildings do not have structural walls at ground floor level to increase the
flexibility of the space for recreational use such as parking or for retail or commercial use. these buildings which possess
storey that are significantly weaker or more flexible than adjacent storey are known as soft storey buildings, these
are characterized by having a story which has a lot of open space. while the unobstructed space of the soft story might
be aesthetically or commercially desirable, it also means that there are less opportunities to install shear walls, specialized
walls which are designed to distribute lateral forces so that a building can cope with the swaying characteristic of
an earthquake.
Seismic Drift Consideration in soft storied RCC buildings: A Critical ReviewIJERD Editor
Reinforced concrete frame buildings are becoming increasingly common in urban India. Many such
buildings constructed in recent times have a special feature – the ground storey is left open for the purpose of
parking, i.e., columns in the ground floor do not have any partition walls (of either masonry or
Reinforced concrete) between them. Such buildings are often called open ground storey buildings. The
relative horizontal displacement in the ground storey is much larger than storeys above it. The total horizontal
earthquake force it can carry in the ground storey is significantly smaller than storeys above it. The soft or weak
storey may exist at any storey level other than ground storey level. The presence of walls in upper storeys
makes them much stiffer than the open ground storey. Still Multi storey reinforced concrete buildings are
continuing to be built in India which has open ground storeys. It is imperative to know the behavior of
soft storey building to the seismic load for designing various retrofit strategies. Hence it is important to
study and understand the response of such buildings and make such buildings earthquake resistant based
on the study to prevent their collapse and to save the loss of life and property.
Seismic performance of a rc frame with soft storey criteriaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Soft first storey is a typical feature in the modern multi-storey constructions in urban India. Social and functional need to provide parking space at ground level leads seismic vulnerability of such a building. The computer software usage in civil engineering has greatly reduced the complexities of different aspects in the analysis and design of projects. In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate the seismic behaviour of a multi-storey building with soft first storey. When subjected to seismic loads, it was observed that soft storey frames are less resistant when compared to infill frames.
Keywords: Masonry Infill (MI), Soft storey, relative stiffness, Diagonal strut, Base shear, response spectrum analysis, Time history analysis.
EFFECT OF SHEAR WALL AREA ON SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF MULTI STORIED BUILDINGS WITH...Ijripublishers Ijri
The advances in three-dimensional structural analysis and computing resources have allowed the efficient
and safe design of increasingly taller structures. These structures are the consequence of increasing urban
densification and economic viability. The trend towards progressively taller structures has demanded a shift
from the traditional strength based design approach of buildings to a focus on constraining the overall motion
of the structure. Structural engineers have responded to this challenge of lateral control with a myriad
of systems that achieve motion control while adhering to the overall architectural vision.
Reinforced Concrete (RC) wall-frame buildings are widely recommended for urban construction in areas
with high seismic hazard. Presence of structural walls imparts a large stiffness to the lateral-force resisting
system of the building. Proper detailing of walls can also lead to ductile behavior of such structures during
strong earthquake shaking. One of the major parameters influencing the seismic behavior of wall-frame
buildings is the wall-area ratio. Thus shear wall area ratio is set as a key parameter which needs to be investigated
in this analytical study.
Lateral Load Analysis of Shear Wall and Concrete Braced Multi-Storeyed R.C Fr...ijsrd.com
Generally RC framed structures are designed without regards to structural action of masonry infill walls present. Masonry infill walls are widely used as partitions. These buildings are generally designed as framed structures without regard to structural action of masonry infill walls. They are considered as non- structural elements. RC frame building with open first storey is known as soft storey, which performs poorly during strong earthquake shaking. Past earthquakes are evident that collapses due to soft storeys are most often in RC buildings. In the soft storey, columns are severely stressed and unable to provide adequate shear resistance during the earthquake. . In this study, 3D analytical model of twelve storeyed buildings have been generated for different buildings Models and analyzed using structural analysis tool 'ETABS'. To study the effect of infill, ground soft, bare frame and models with ground soft having concrete core wall and shear walls and concrete bracings at different positions during earthquake; seismic analysis using both linear static, linear dynamic (response spectrum method) has been performed. The analytical model of the building includes all important components that influence the mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of the structure.
STUDY ON SEISMIC EFFECT OF HIGH RISE BUILDING SHEAR WALL/WALL WITHOUT SHEAR WALLIAEME Publication
Objective: In this paper the analytical study on the lateral behaviour of the structure is mainly concentrated and how it is varying in the different zones of zone II and zone III with different storey heights of a 6storey, 11storey, and 16storey structure. The study also involves the orientation of shear wall. Method in this study the behaviour of lateral displacements induced on or after earthquakes. Concrete shear walls are used to resist the lateral displacement owing to earthquake vibrations. Shear walls can be placed around the building as periphery walls, around the lift and beside the staircase. Filing the buildings are modelled with floor area of 32mx28m. with 8 bays along 32m span and 7 bays along 28m and apiece bay width of 4m .the lateral displacement of the structure is compared in OMRF &SMRF and the lateral displacement values of current floor level to another floor level should reach storey drift, the analysis is done in staadprov8i.findingthe lateral displacements of the structure is compared in OMRF & SMRF and it is found that lateral displacement is less in SMRF compare with OMRF.
ANALYSIS OF SOFT STOREY FOR MULTI STORYED BUILDING IN ZONE-4Ijripublishers Ijri
Multi-storey buildings are becoming increasingly common in developed and developing countries with the increase in
urbanization all over the world. Many of these buildings do not have structural walls at ground floor level to increase the
flexibility of the space for recreational use such as parking or for retail or commercial use. these buildings which possess
storey that are significantly weaker or more flexible than adjacent storey are known as soft storey buildings, these
are characterized by having a story which has a lot of open space. while the unobstructed space of the soft story might
be aesthetically or commercially desirable, it also means that there are less opportunities to install shear walls, specialized
walls which are designed to distribute lateral forces so that a building can cope with the swaying characteristic of
an earthquake.
Seismic Drift Consideration in soft storied RCC buildings: A Critical ReviewIJERD Editor
Reinforced concrete frame buildings are becoming increasingly common in urban India. Many such
buildings constructed in recent times have a special feature – the ground storey is left open for the purpose of
parking, i.e., columns in the ground floor do not have any partition walls (of either masonry or
Reinforced concrete) between them. Such buildings are often called open ground storey buildings. The
relative horizontal displacement in the ground storey is much larger than storeys above it. The total horizontal
earthquake force it can carry in the ground storey is significantly smaller than storeys above it. The soft or weak
storey may exist at any storey level other than ground storey level. The presence of walls in upper storeys
makes them much stiffer than the open ground storey. Still Multi storey reinforced concrete buildings are
continuing to be built in India which has open ground storeys. It is imperative to know the behavior of
soft storey building to the seismic load for designing various retrofit strategies. Hence it is important to
study and understand the response of such buildings and make such buildings earthquake resistant based
on the study to prevent their collapse and to save the loss of life and property.
Seismic performance of a rc frame with soft storey criteriaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Soft first storey is a typical feature in the modern multi-storey constructions in urban India. Social and functional need to provide parking space at ground level leads seismic vulnerability of such a building. The computer software usage in civil engineering has greatly reduced the complexities of different aspects in the analysis and design of projects. In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate the seismic behaviour of a multi-storey building with soft first storey. When subjected to seismic loads, it was observed that soft storey frames are less resistant when compared to infill frames.
Keywords: Masonry Infill (MI), Soft storey, relative stiffness, Diagonal strut, Base shear, response spectrum analysis, Time history analysis.
EFFECT OF SHEAR WALL AREA ON SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF MULTI STORIED BUILDINGS WITH...Ijripublishers Ijri
The advances in three-dimensional structural analysis and computing resources have allowed the efficient
and safe design of increasingly taller structures. These structures are the consequence of increasing urban
densification and economic viability. The trend towards progressively taller structures has demanded a shift
from the traditional strength based design approach of buildings to a focus on constraining the overall motion
of the structure. Structural engineers have responded to this challenge of lateral control with a myriad
of systems that achieve motion control while adhering to the overall architectural vision.
Reinforced Concrete (RC) wall-frame buildings are widely recommended for urban construction in areas
with high seismic hazard. Presence of structural walls imparts a large stiffness to the lateral-force resisting
system of the building. Proper detailing of walls can also lead to ductile behavior of such structures during
strong earthquake shaking. One of the major parameters influencing the seismic behavior of wall-frame
buildings is the wall-area ratio. Thus shear wall area ratio is set as a key parameter which needs to be investigated
in this analytical study.
Lateral Load Analysis of Shear Wall and Concrete Braced Multi-Storeyed R.C Fr...ijsrd.com
Generally RC framed structures are designed without regards to structural action of masonry infill walls present. Masonry infill walls are widely used as partitions. These buildings are generally designed as framed structures without regard to structural action of masonry infill walls. They are considered as non- structural elements. RC frame building with open first storey is known as soft storey, which performs poorly during strong earthquake shaking. Past earthquakes are evident that collapses due to soft storeys are most often in RC buildings. In the soft storey, columns are severely stressed and unable to provide adequate shear resistance during the earthquake. . In this study, 3D analytical model of twelve storeyed buildings have been generated for different buildings Models and analyzed using structural analysis tool 'ETABS'. To study the effect of infill, ground soft, bare frame and models with ground soft having concrete core wall and shear walls and concrete bracings at different positions during earthquake; seismic analysis using both linear static, linear dynamic (response spectrum method) has been performed. The analytical model of the building includes all important components that influence the mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of the structure.
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Steel Moment Resisting Frame due to Infil...IDES Editor
Steel moment resisting frame with open first storey
(soft storey) is known to perform well compared with the RC
frames during strong earthquake shaking. The presence of
masonry infill wall influences the overall behavior of the
structure when subjected to lateral forces, when masonry infill
are considered to interact with their surrounding frames the
lateral stiffness and lateral load carrying capacity of structure
largely increase. In this paper, the seismic vulnerability of
building with soft storey is shown with an example of G+10
three dimensional (3D) steel frame. The open first storey is
an important functional requirement of almost all the urban
multi-storey buildings, and hence, cannot be eliminated.
Hence some special measures need to be adopted for this
specific situation. The under-lying principle of any solution
to this problem is in increasing the stiffness’s of the first
storey such that the first storey stiffness is at least 50% as
stiff as the second storey, i.e., soft first storeys are to be avoided,
and providing adequate lateral strength in the first storey. In
this paper, stiffness balancing is proposed between the first
and second storey of a steel moment resisting frame building
with open first storey and brick infills as described in models.
A simple example building is analyzed by modeling it with
nine different methods. The stiffness effect on the first storey
is demonstrated through the lateral displacement profile of
the building.
Influence of Modeling Masonry Infill on Seismic Performance of Multi-Storeyed...ijsrd.com
Masonry infilled RC frames are the most common type of structures used for multi-storeyed constructions in the developing countries, even in those which are located in seismically active regions also. Masonry infill walls are mainly used to increase the stiffness and strength of R C framed buildings. R C framed building with open first storey is known as soft storey, which performs poorly during earthquakes. A similar soft storey effect can also appear top storey level if it is used as service storey. The soft storey located in the upper part of the multistorey building does not significantly affect. To observe the effect of masonry infill panel, it is modeled as an equivalent double diagonal strut. In this study 7 models are taken were analyzed with two different techniques of modelling of masonry infill wall with L type of shear wall when subjected to earthquake loading. The results of masonry infill show more stiffness than the strut modeling technique. It is observed that, providing infill wall and shear wall improves earthquake resistant behavior of the structure and also the effect of water pressure, an attempt is made to develop relationship between strength and stiffness ratios for linear trend line.
Seismic Analysis of G 10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Wall...ijtsrd
Shear walls are specially designed structural members provided in the multi storey buildings to resist lateral forces. These walls have very high in plane strength and stiffness, which can resist large horizontal forces and can support gravity loads. There are lots of literatures available to design and analyse the shear wall. Ravi Kumar Vishwakarma | Vipin Kumar Tiwari "Seismic Analysis of G+10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Walls using Etabs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43646.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/structural-engineering/43646/seismic-analysis-of-g10-storey-building-with-various-locations-of-shear-walls-using-etabs/ravi-kumar-vishwakarma
LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS OF SOFT STORY BUILDING AND IMPORTANCE OF MODELING MASON...ijsrd.com
Generally Masonry infills are considered as non-structural elements and their stiffness contributions are generally ignored in practice. But they affect both the structural and non-structural performance of the RC buildings during earthquakes. RC frame building with open first storey is known as soft storey, which performs poorly during strong earthquake shaking. A similar soft storey effect can occur if first and second story used as service story. Hence a combination of two structural system components i.e. Rigid frames and RC shear walls leads to a highly efficient system in which shear wall resist the majority of the lateral loads and the frame supports majority of the gravity loads. To study the effect of masonry infill with different soft storey level, 7 models of Reinforced Concrete framed building were analyzed with two types of shear wall when subjected to earthquake loading. The results of bare frame and other building models have been compared, it is observed that model with swastika and L shape shear wall are showing efficient performance and hence reducing the effect of soft storey in model 3, model 4 and model 5.
Review on seismic performance of multi storied rc building with soft storeyeSAT Journals
Abstract Soft storey is a storey in which the stiffness is less than 70% of the storey above or less than 80% of the combined stiffness of three storeys above. In a multi-storied building, soft storey is adopted to accommodate parking which is an unavoidable feature. This open ground storey is vulnerable to collapse during earthquake. Soft storey in a building causes stiffness irregularity in a structure. Due to this the structures undergoes unequal storey drift, formation of plastic hinges and finally collapse. The presence of infill wall improves the performance of building under the lateral forces. This paper deals with the study of literature of previous researches. These researches focus on the combination of measures adopted on the structure to reduce the effect of soft storey through static and dynamic analysis. The parameters studied in these researches are storey drift, axial and shear forces bending moment, displacement, time period, base shear. Also, it focuses on the equivalent strut approach to consider the effect of infill wall on the performance on building. From these researches, the interest arises to perform static and dynamic analysis to reduce the stiffness irregularity which is the main reason behind the poor performance of the building with soft storey. Keywords: Soft storey, Stiffness, Storey drift, Lateral Displacement, Infill wall
Review paper on seismic responses of multistored rcc building with mass irreg...eSAT Journals
Abstract
From past earthquakes it is proved that many of structure are totally or partially damaged due to earthquake. So, it is necessary to determine seismic responses of such buildings. There are different techniques of seismic analysis of structure. Time history analysis is one of the important techniques for structural seismic analysis generally the evaluated structural response is non-linear in nature. For such type of analysis, a representative earthquake time history is required. In this project work seismic analysis of RCC buildings with mass irregularity at different floor level are carried out. Here for analysis different time histories have been used. This paper highlights the effect of mass irregularity on different floor in RCC buildings with time history and analysis is done by using ETABS software.
Keywords: Seismic Analysis, Time History Analysis, Base Shear, Storey Shear, Story Displacement.
Seismic evaluation of rc frame with brick masonry infill wallseSAT Journals
Abstract
Infill panels are widely used as partition walls as well as external walls of the building to fill the gap between RC frames. Non-structural member may provide considerable stiffness to the building and hence may improve the performance of the RC building during ground motions. But In most of the cases, the ignorance of this property of masonry in designing of the RC frame may get an unsafe design. There are two methods are used to determine the effect of ground motion. The effect of ground motion on RC frame building has been carried out by considering with and without the stiffness of infill wall. A comparative study is carried out with RC building using Equivalent Lateral Force method and Response Spectrum method. The masonry infill has been modeled as an equivalent diagonal strut element using Hendry formula. Pushover analysis is carried out on bare frame and frame with infill wall. The model has been generated using STAAD Pro and results obtained from the analysis are compared in terms of strength and stiffness with bare frame.
Keywords: Seismic evaluation, Response Spectrum, masonry infill, diagonal strut.
Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Storeyed Frame-Shear Wall Building Considering SSIIJERA Editor
The structural system of a high-rise building often has a more pronounced effect than a low rise building on the
total building cost and the architecture aspect of building. Shear walls are lateral load resisting structural
systems which provide stability to structures from lateral loads like wind and seismic Loads. The design of multi
storey building is to have good lateral load resisting System along with gravity load system for safety of
occupant and for better performance of structure even in most adverse condition. The main scope of this project
is to apply class room knowledge in the real world by designing a multi-storied residential building. Shear walls
are more efficient in resisting lateral loads in multi storied buildings. Steel and reinforced concrete shear walls
are kept in major positions of multi storied buildings which are made in consideration of seismic forces and
wind forces. To solve this purpose shear walls are a very powerful structural elements, if used judiciously can
reduce deflections and stresses to a very great extent. Our project contains a brief description of building with
shear wall and without shear wall thoroughly discussed structural analysis of a building to explain the
application of shear wall. The design analysis of the multi storied building in our project is done through
STAAD-PRO, most popular structural engineering software. It is featured with some ultimate power tool,
analysis and design facilities which make it more users friendly.
Study of variations in dynamic stability of tall structure corresponding to s...ijceronline
Construction of tall buildings, both residential and commercial are in insistance. In case of tall structure high lateral forces develops due to earthquake load and wind load are crucial. Thus the effects of lateral loads needs consideration for strength and stability of the structures. In tall buildings, lateral loads are critical as it increases drastically after a certain height of the structure. Shear wall systems are one of the most commonly used dynamic load resisting systems in high-rise buildings which help in achieving strength and stability along with economy. In this study, an attempt has been carried out to check the dynamic stability of a tall residential structure by applying variations symmetric arrangement of the shear wall. The Case study of a 26 storied RCC structure situated in Pune region of Maharashtra, India has been carried out. The effect of location of shear wall on dynamic behaviour of building is analysed using ETABS software using response spectrum method for earthquake analysis and IS875 (III) for wind analysis. The proposed position of shear wall gives the effective results as compare to other position.
Effect of soft storeys in earthquake resistant analysis of rc framed structureseSAT Journals
storey in which the stiffness is less than 70% of the storey above or less
than 80% of the combined stiffnesses of the three storeys above. It is the general practice in the multistoreyed buildings to
accommodate parking facilities for the vehicles of the occupants of the building. As we know that the soft storey in a building
structure causes stiffness irregularity in a structure, due to this the structure undergoes unequal storey drifts, formation of the
plastic hinges and then finally resulting into the collapse of the structure.This research work purely interacts with the effect of the
soft storeys in the analysis of RC framed structures as entitled above, and in this work the soft storeys positions has been provided
at different levels as shown in the analytical modelling. All the models are analyzed by using the ETABS software. The seismic
analysis performed consists of the Equivalent static analysis (ESA), response spectrum analysis (RSA), and the push over analysis
(PA). The seismic base shear forces, storey drifts, and the displacements has been compared with the three analysis methods as
listed above. With the aid of the push over analysis the values of the ductility and the response reduction factor have been
obtained. Apart from these, the performance point parameters such as spectral acceleration(Sa) , spectral displacement (Sd),
Base shear(V) and the roof displacement(D) has been also illustrated in this work and a detailed information of several stages of
the hinge formation (A,B,IO,LS,CP,C,D,E) has also been illustrated.. Keywords: Soft Storey, Stiffness, Storey Drift, Storey Displacement, Earthquake, RC Frames
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Steel Moment Resisting Frame due to Infil...IDES Editor
Steel moment resisting frame with open first storey
(soft storey) is known to perform well compared with the RC
frames during strong earthquake shaking. The presence of
masonry infill wall influences the overall behavior of the
structure when subjected to lateral forces, when masonry infill
are considered to interact with their surrounding frames the
lateral stiffness and lateral load carrying capacity of structure
largely increase. In this paper, the seismic vulnerability of
building with soft storey is shown with an example of G+10
three dimensional (3D) steel frame. The open first storey is
an important functional requirement of almost all the urban
multi-storey buildings, and hence, cannot be eliminated.
Hence some special measures need to be adopted for this
specific situation. The under-lying principle of any solution
to this problem is in increasing the stiffness’s of the first
storey such that the first storey stiffness is at least 50% as
stiff as the second storey, i.e., soft first storeys are to be avoided,
and providing adequate lateral strength in the first storey. In
this paper, stiffness balancing is proposed between the first
and second storey of a steel moment resisting frame building
with open first storey and brick infills as described in models.
A simple example building is analyzed by modeling it with
nine different methods. The stiffness effect on the first storey
is demonstrated through the lateral displacement profile of
the building.
Influence of Modeling Masonry Infill on Seismic Performance of Multi-Storeyed...ijsrd.com
Masonry infilled RC frames are the most common type of structures used for multi-storeyed constructions in the developing countries, even in those which are located in seismically active regions also. Masonry infill walls are mainly used to increase the stiffness and strength of R C framed buildings. R C framed building with open first storey is known as soft storey, which performs poorly during earthquakes. A similar soft storey effect can also appear top storey level if it is used as service storey. The soft storey located in the upper part of the multistorey building does not significantly affect. To observe the effect of masonry infill panel, it is modeled as an equivalent double diagonal strut. In this study 7 models are taken were analyzed with two different techniques of modelling of masonry infill wall with L type of shear wall when subjected to earthquake loading. The results of masonry infill show more stiffness than the strut modeling technique. It is observed that, providing infill wall and shear wall improves earthquake resistant behavior of the structure and also the effect of water pressure, an attempt is made to develop relationship between strength and stiffness ratios for linear trend line.
Seismic Analysis of G 10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Wall...ijtsrd
Shear walls are specially designed structural members provided in the multi storey buildings to resist lateral forces. These walls have very high in plane strength and stiffness, which can resist large horizontal forces and can support gravity loads. There are lots of literatures available to design and analyse the shear wall. Ravi Kumar Vishwakarma | Vipin Kumar Tiwari "Seismic Analysis of G+10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Walls using Etabs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43646.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/structural-engineering/43646/seismic-analysis-of-g10-storey-building-with-various-locations-of-shear-walls-using-etabs/ravi-kumar-vishwakarma
LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS OF SOFT STORY BUILDING AND IMPORTANCE OF MODELING MASON...ijsrd.com
Generally Masonry infills are considered as non-structural elements and their stiffness contributions are generally ignored in practice. But they affect both the structural and non-structural performance of the RC buildings during earthquakes. RC frame building with open first storey is known as soft storey, which performs poorly during strong earthquake shaking. A similar soft storey effect can occur if first and second story used as service story. Hence a combination of two structural system components i.e. Rigid frames and RC shear walls leads to a highly efficient system in which shear wall resist the majority of the lateral loads and the frame supports majority of the gravity loads. To study the effect of masonry infill with different soft storey level, 7 models of Reinforced Concrete framed building were analyzed with two types of shear wall when subjected to earthquake loading. The results of bare frame and other building models have been compared, it is observed that model with swastika and L shape shear wall are showing efficient performance and hence reducing the effect of soft storey in model 3, model 4 and model 5.
Review on seismic performance of multi storied rc building with soft storeyeSAT Journals
Abstract Soft storey is a storey in which the stiffness is less than 70% of the storey above or less than 80% of the combined stiffness of three storeys above. In a multi-storied building, soft storey is adopted to accommodate parking which is an unavoidable feature. This open ground storey is vulnerable to collapse during earthquake. Soft storey in a building causes stiffness irregularity in a structure. Due to this the structures undergoes unequal storey drift, formation of plastic hinges and finally collapse. The presence of infill wall improves the performance of building under the lateral forces. This paper deals with the study of literature of previous researches. These researches focus on the combination of measures adopted on the structure to reduce the effect of soft storey through static and dynamic analysis. The parameters studied in these researches are storey drift, axial and shear forces bending moment, displacement, time period, base shear. Also, it focuses on the equivalent strut approach to consider the effect of infill wall on the performance on building. From these researches, the interest arises to perform static and dynamic analysis to reduce the stiffness irregularity which is the main reason behind the poor performance of the building with soft storey. Keywords: Soft storey, Stiffness, Storey drift, Lateral Displacement, Infill wall
Review paper on seismic responses of multistored rcc building with mass irreg...eSAT Journals
Abstract
From past earthquakes it is proved that many of structure are totally or partially damaged due to earthquake. So, it is necessary to determine seismic responses of such buildings. There are different techniques of seismic analysis of structure. Time history analysis is one of the important techniques for structural seismic analysis generally the evaluated structural response is non-linear in nature. For such type of analysis, a representative earthquake time history is required. In this project work seismic analysis of RCC buildings with mass irregularity at different floor level are carried out. Here for analysis different time histories have been used. This paper highlights the effect of mass irregularity on different floor in RCC buildings with time history and analysis is done by using ETABS software.
Keywords: Seismic Analysis, Time History Analysis, Base Shear, Storey Shear, Story Displacement.
Seismic evaluation of rc frame with brick masonry infill wallseSAT Journals
Abstract
Infill panels are widely used as partition walls as well as external walls of the building to fill the gap between RC frames. Non-structural member may provide considerable stiffness to the building and hence may improve the performance of the RC building during ground motions. But In most of the cases, the ignorance of this property of masonry in designing of the RC frame may get an unsafe design. There are two methods are used to determine the effect of ground motion. The effect of ground motion on RC frame building has been carried out by considering with and without the stiffness of infill wall. A comparative study is carried out with RC building using Equivalent Lateral Force method and Response Spectrum method. The masonry infill has been modeled as an equivalent diagonal strut element using Hendry formula. Pushover analysis is carried out on bare frame and frame with infill wall. The model has been generated using STAAD Pro and results obtained from the analysis are compared in terms of strength and stiffness with bare frame.
Keywords: Seismic evaluation, Response Spectrum, masonry infill, diagonal strut.
Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Storeyed Frame-Shear Wall Building Considering SSIIJERA Editor
The structural system of a high-rise building often has a more pronounced effect than a low rise building on the
total building cost and the architecture aspect of building. Shear walls are lateral load resisting structural
systems which provide stability to structures from lateral loads like wind and seismic Loads. The design of multi
storey building is to have good lateral load resisting System along with gravity load system for safety of
occupant and for better performance of structure even in most adverse condition. The main scope of this project
is to apply class room knowledge in the real world by designing a multi-storied residential building. Shear walls
are more efficient in resisting lateral loads in multi storied buildings. Steel and reinforced concrete shear walls
are kept in major positions of multi storied buildings which are made in consideration of seismic forces and
wind forces. To solve this purpose shear walls are a very powerful structural elements, if used judiciously can
reduce deflections and stresses to a very great extent. Our project contains a brief description of building with
shear wall and without shear wall thoroughly discussed structural analysis of a building to explain the
application of shear wall. The design analysis of the multi storied building in our project is done through
STAAD-PRO, most popular structural engineering software. It is featured with some ultimate power tool,
analysis and design facilities which make it more users friendly.
Study of variations in dynamic stability of tall structure corresponding to s...ijceronline
Construction of tall buildings, both residential and commercial are in insistance. In case of tall structure high lateral forces develops due to earthquake load and wind load are crucial. Thus the effects of lateral loads needs consideration for strength and stability of the structures. In tall buildings, lateral loads are critical as it increases drastically after a certain height of the structure. Shear wall systems are one of the most commonly used dynamic load resisting systems in high-rise buildings which help in achieving strength and stability along with economy. In this study, an attempt has been carried out to check the dynamic stability of a tall residential structure by applying variations symmetric arrangement of the shear wall. The Case study of a 26 storied RCC structure situated in Pune region of Maharashtra, India has been carried out. The effect of location of shear wall on dynamic behaviour of building is analysed using ETABS software using response spectrum method for earthquake analysis and IS875 (III) for wind analysis. The proposed position of shear wall gives the effective results as compare to other position.
Effect of soft storeys in earthquake resistant analysis of rc framed structureseSAT Journals
storey in which the stiffness is less than 70% of the storey above or less
than 80% of the combined stiffnesses of the three storeys above. It is the general practice in the multistoreyed buildings to
accommodate parking facilities for the vehicles of the occupants of the building. As we know that the soft storey in a building
structure causes stiffness irregularity in a structure, due to this the structure undergoes unequal storey drifts, formation of the
plastic hinges and then finally resulting into the collapse of the structure.This research work purely interacts with the effect of the
soft storeys in the analysis of RC framed structures as entitled above, and in this work the soft storeys positions has been provided
at different levels as shown in the analytical modelling. All the models are analyzed by using the ETABS software. The seismic
analysis performed consists of the Equivalent static analysis (ESA), response spectrum analysis (RSA), and the push over analysis
(PA). The seismic base shear forces, storey drifts, and the displacements has been compared with the three analysis methods as
listed above. With the aid of the push over analysis the values of the ductility and the response reduction factor have been
obtained. Apart from these, the performance point parameters such as spectral acceleration(Sa) , spectral displacement (Sd),
Base shear(V) and the roof displacement(D) has been also illustrated in this work and a detailed information of several stages of
the hinge formation (A,B,IO,LS,CP,C,D,E) has also been illustrated.. Keywords: Soft Storey, Stiffness, Storey Drift, Storey Displacement, Earthquake, RC Frames
Multi – Objective Two Stage Fuzzy Transportation Problem with Hexagonal Fuzzy...IJERA Editor
Fuzzy geometric programming approach is used to determine the optimal solution of a multi-objective two stage fuzzy transportation problem in which supplies, demands are hexagonal fuzzy numbers and fuzzy membership of the objective function is defined. This paper aims to find out the best compromise solution among the set of feasible solutions for the multi-objective two stage transportation problem. To illustrate the proposed method, example is used
Überall auf der Welt wird die Schweiz mit Bildung, Präzision, Sauberkeit und gutem Service verbunden. ABMS verkörpert Schweizer Qualität zu fairen Preisen. Wer bei uns studiert erhält nicht nur ein Zertifikat, dass von den wichtigsten Gütesiegeln in der Business-Branche gesichert wird, sondern verlässt uns auch mit den Fähigkeiten und Attribute, die in der ganzen Welt geschätzt werden und sehr gefragt sind.
L’ échéance des élections présidentielles se rapproche. Après avoir présenté les propositions de François Fillon pour le secteur de l’énergie dans le dernier numéro de l’Inf’OSE, nous vous proposons de découvrir celles de Manuel Valls et de Benoît Hamon actuellement en lice pour le deuxième tour des « Primaires Citoyennes ».
Les énergies renouvelables reviennent au centre des préoccupations en ce début d’année. La croissance actuelle n’est pas vraiment à la hauteur des objectifs que la France s’est fixés à l’horizon 2020 et 2030. Néanmoins, de nouveaux projets pilotes émergent comme la route solaire en Normandie, des projets liés aux énergies marines ou encore au développement de solutions de stockage pour les énergies renouvelables notamment dans un contexte ilien. Tels sont les articles que nous vous proposons de retrouver dans ce numéro et qui permettent de rester optimistes quant à la perspective de développement des énergies renouvelables.
Enfin, nous évoquerons l’avènement de la nouvelle ère de l’autoconsommation photovoltaïque en France, en précisant le cadre actuel de cette pratique, ses limites et perspectives.
Bonne lecture.
Electro-Disinfection of Municipal Wastewater: Laboratory Scale Comparison bet...IJERA Editor
Electrodisinfection of wastewater has been investigated extensively in the past, although a consensus over the use of direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) as the most efficient electricity source has not been reached to date. The research presented herein compares the use of DC and AC in electrodisinfection of municipal wastewater aiming to provide conclusive evidence on the benefits of using one type of current over the other. During the experimental phase, a bench-scale electrodisinfection reactor equipped with iridium oxidecoated titanium electrodes was operated continuously, and E.coli inactivation, free and total chlorine generation were measured. The results observed indicate that, under the experimental conditions, DC represents a more efficient and economical alternative to electrodisinfection than AC.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Seismic Response Analysis of Structure A Perspective Viewijtsrd
"From past earthquakes it is proved that many of structure are totally or partially damaged due to earthquake. So, it is necessary to determine seismic responses of such buildings. There are different techniques of seismic analysis of structure. Time history analysis is one of the important techniques for structural seismic analysis generally the evaluated structural response is nonlinear in nature. For such type of analysis, a representative earthquake time history is required. In this project work seismic analysis of RCC buildings with mass irregularity at different floor level are carried out. Here for analysis different time histories have been used. This paper highlights the effect of mass irregularity on different floor in RCC buildings with time history and analysis is done by using ETABS software. Khileshwari Verma | Prof. Pratiksha Malviya ""Seismic Response Analysis of Structure: A Perspective View"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22919.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/22919/seismic-response-analysis-of-structure-a-perspective-view/khileshwari-verma"
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Review on Effective utilization of RCC Shear walls for Design of Soft Storey Buildings
1. Hiral Adhiya. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 1, ( Part -4) January 2017, pp.15-18
www.ijera.com 15 | P a g e
Review on Effective utilization of RCC Shear walls for Design of
Soft Storey Buildings
Hiral .D. Adhiya*, Dr. P. S. Pajgade**
*PG Student, Structural Engineering, P.R.M.I.T. & R, Bandera, SGBAU Amravati, India.
** Professor, Civil Engineering, P.R.M.I.T. & R, Bandera, SGBAU Amravati, India.
ABSTRACT
Multi-storey buildings in metropolitan cities require open taller first storey for parking of vehicle and/or for retail
shopping, large space for meeting room or a banking hall owing to lack of horizontal space and high cost. Due to
these functional requirements, the first storey has lesser strength and stiffness as compared to upper stories,
which are stiffened by masonry infill walls. Increased flexibility of first storey results in extreme deflections,
which in turn, leads to concentration of forces at the second storey connections accompanied by large plastic
deformation. In addition, most of the energy developed during the earthquake is dissipated by the column of the
soft stories. In this process the plastic hinges are formed at the ends of column, which transform the soft stories
into a mechanism. In such cases the collapse is unavoidable. Therefore, the soft stories deserve a special
consideration in analysis and design.
Keywords: Analysis, ETABs, High Rise, RCC Shear Wall, Soft Storey, Seismic Performance
I. INTRODUCTION
This study investigates the analytical results
and designing provisions for soft storey buildings
with and without shear walls, obtained from
available literature. The Indian seismic code IS 1893
(Part1): 2002 classifies a soft storey as “one in
which the lateral stiffness is less than 70 percent of
that in the storey above or less than 80 percent of the
average lateral stiffness of the three stories above.
Such building act as an Inverted Pendulum during
earthquake, as shown in Fig. 1(a), experiencing
larger lateral loads which swing back and forth
producing high stresses in columns and if columns
are incapable of taking these stresses and lateral
loads or do not posses enough ductility, they could
get severely damaged and which can also lead to
collapse of the building. Shear wall systems are one
of the most feasible and hence commonly used
lateral loads resisting mechanism employed in high
rise buildings. Hence it is very necessary to
determine the most effective location of shear walls.
Shear wall arrangement must be absolutely accurate,
because if not, it will cause overturning effect
instead. Shear walls in buildings are symmetrically
located in plan to reduce ill-effects of twist in
buildings. They could be placed symmetrically along
one or both directions in plan. When the mass center
and stiffness center coincide with each other, the
distance of shear wall from the mass center also
plays an important role in the shear contribution of
the shear wall. Shear walls are efficient, both in
terms of construction cost and effectiveness in
minimizing earthquake damage in structural and
non-structural elements (like glass windows and
building contents).
Fig. 1(b) and Fig. 1(c) shows failure of
various soft storey buildings during past
earthquakes.
Fig.1(a): Behaviour of soft storey building as
Inverted pendulum(EQ Tips 21)
Fig.1(b): Failure of soft storey building during
Earthquake in Turkey
RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS
2. Hiral Adhiya. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 1, ( Part -4) January 2017, pp.15-18
www.ijera.com 16 | P a g e
Fig.1(c): Failure of soft storey building during
Earthquake in San Francisco
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
[1] Dr. S. Setia and V. Sharma, They
investigated the influence of some parameters on
behavior of a building with soft storey. The
modeling of the whole building is carried out using
the computer program STAAD.Pro 2006. Parametric
studies on displacement, inter storey drift and storey
shear have been carried out using equivalent static
analysis to investigate the influence of these
parameter on the behavior of buildings with soft
storey. The selected building analyzed through five
numerical models. Concluded minimum
displacement for corner column is observed in the
building in which a shear wall is introduced in X-
direction as well as in Z-direction.
[2] Misam.A and M. N. Mangulkar, In
this paper it has been tried to investigate structural
seismic response of a soft storey building on adding
shear wall to the building in different arrangement in
order to reduce soft storey effect. A (G+14) building
was analysed in SAP 2000 and it was found that
location and number of shear wall acts an important
factor for the soft storey structures to displace during
earthquake. Also the soft storey effect has been
reduced as the shear wall is added to the structure.
The horizontal and vertical movements of building
with shear wall installed in most bays are much
reduced during earthquake. So it shows that the use
of shear wall effectively reduces effect of soft story
on structure response in earthquake excitation.
Considerable reduction in shear force, bending
moment etc. is observed in dual type structural
system as compared with frame system. Dual type
structural system (shear wall - frame interaction)
with proper location shear walls is more effective in
resisting earthquake forces than the moment
resisting frame system. Minimum displacement,
story drift and considerable reduction for maximum
forces is found, when shear walls are located at
corners in the building plan.
[3] S. Hirde and G. Tepugade, Four models
with soft storey at different levels are considered
along with soft storey at ground level and these
models with incorporation of shear walls are
considered. Pushover analyses of the models with
and without shear walls are carried out. This study
highlights the poor seismic performance of G+20
RCC building with soft storey. After retrofitting of
all the models with shear walls hinges are not
developed in any of the columns. Provision of shear
walls results in reduction in lateral displacement.
Displacement reduces when the soft storey is
provided at higher level. After retrofitting the base
shear carrying capacity is increased by 8.45% to
13.26%.
[4] S. Arunkumar and Dr. G. N. Devi, The
study includes the analysis of soft storey building
with ETABS software by pushover analysis method
and the results and conclusion of the analysis is to be
included. A 10 storey building with and without
shear wall in soft storey has been analysed and
different parameters such as base shear, storey force,
storey drift, displacements are compared. Their
study concludes that building with shear wall in soft
storey exhibits 30% – 40% higher base shear than
the other one. Also the inter-storey drift of building
with shear wall is minimum i.e. 0.0019 as compared
to 0.0057 of the other one. IS code value for inter-
storey drift for the corresponding building is 0.004.
Building with shear wall attracts more storey force
and moments about 5% - 10% then the building
without shear wall.
[5] Prof. S. S. Patil and Mr. S. D. Sagare,
They studied a building with open ground storey to
bring out the importance of explicitly recognizing
the presence of soft ground storey in the analysis.
Usually the most economical way to eliminate the
failure of soft storey is by adding shear walls. The
shear walls are one of the most efficient lateral force
resisting elements in high rise buildings. This paper
deals with occurring of soft storey at lower level in
high rise building subjected to earthquake has been
studied. Also has been tried to investigate on adding
of shear wall to structures in order to reduce soft
storey effect on seismic response of building.
[6] A.S. Kasnale and Dr. S.S. Jamkar,
They investigated the behaviour of multi-storey
building to evaluate their performance level when
subjected to earthquake loading. For this study five
different models of a six storey building are
considered. Equivalent static analysis has been
performed as per IS 1893-2002 for each model using
3. Hiral Adhiya. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 1, ( Part -4) January 2017, pp.15-18
www.ijera.com 17 | P a g e
ETABS 9.5. The IS code methods are describing
very insufficient guidelines about infill wall design
procedures. It is observed that the ETABs provide
overestimated values of fundamental period. It can
be concluded that provision of infill wall enhances
the performance in terms of displacement control,
storey drift and lateral stiffness.
[7] J. N. Arlekar, S. K. Jain and C.V.R.
Murty, Their work highlights the importance of
explicitly recognizing the presence of the open first
storey in the analysis of the building. The error
involved in modeling such buildings as complete
bare frames, neglecting the presence of infills in the
upper stories, is brought out through the study of an
example building with different analytical models.
This paper argues for immediate measures to prevent
the indiscriminate use of soft first stories in
buildings, which are designed without regard to the
increased displacement, ductility and force demands
in the first storey columns. Alternate measures,
involving stiffness balance of the open first storey
and the storey above, are proposed to reduce the
irregularity introduced by the open first storey. The
effect of soil flexibility on the above is also
discussed in this paper.
[8] P. Tiwari, P. J. Salunke and N. G.
Gore, In this paper, they have studied the
applicability of the Multiplication Factor of 2.5 as
given by IS Code 1893 Part-1(2002), for Low Rise
and Medium Rise Open ground storey Building. A
G+4, G+7 and G+10 RC framed Open ground storey
building is considered in Seismic zone-V with
Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) is
analyzed and Modeled in Etabs Software. They
concluded that for different types of analysis such as
equivalent static analysis, response spectrum
analysis and pushover analysis, the value of
multiplication factor is less by 40% - 45% than what
is prescribed by IS Code of 2.5 Value for (G+4)
building. Similarly for (G+7) its 36% - 40% and for
(G+10) its 32% - 35% less value than which is given
by IS Code of 2.5.
[9] P. B .Lamb, Dr R.S. Londhe, They
studied a building with the help of different
mathematical models considering various methods
for improving the seismic performance of the
building with soft first storey. Analytical models
represent all existing components that influence the
mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of
structure. The equivalent static and multimodal
dynamic analysis is carried out on the entire
mathematical 3D model using the software SAP2000
and the comparisons of these models are presented.
Finally, the performance of all the building models
is observed in high seismic zone V.
[10] IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002, Indian
Seismic Code recommends some design criteria to
be adopted after carrying out the earthquake
analysis, neglecting the effect of infill walls in other
stories. The column and beams of the soft storey are
to be designed for 2.5 times the storey shears and
moments calculated under seismic loads specified.
Besides the columns designed and detailed for the
calculated storey shears and moments, shear wall
placed symmetrically in both directions of the
building as far away from the centers of the building
as feasible: to be designed exclusively for 1.5 times
the lateral storey shear force calculated.
III. CONCLUSION
From the study of literature presented in this paper,
conclusions are drawn out on the responses of soft
storey building with effective utilization of shear
walls as,
i. Introducing shear wall in a building is a
effective method to reduce the soft storey effect.
ii. The steel quantity in column is effectively
reduced by inducing shear walls in soft storey
buildings.
iii. Changing the position of shear wall will affect
the attraction of forces, so that wall must be in
proper position.
iv. The beams connected with the shear walls are
considerably heavy in design.
v. Providing shear walls at adequate locations
substantially reduces the displacements due to
earthquake.
vi. Shear walls placed at corners of the building
gives lesser lateral displacement but creates
maximum base shear.
vii. The shear wall should be located away from the
centroid of the building and should be placed
symmetrically in plan to avoid torsional effects.
viii. Storey drift of soft storey building provided
with shear wall is lesser than that without shear
wall.
ix. Provision of diagonal struts is also one of the
effective method for reducing the soft storey
effect other than shear walls.
REFERENCES
Journal Papers:
[1] Dr. S. Setia and V. Sharma, Seismic
Response of RCC Building with Soft Storey,
International Journal of Applied
sEngineering and Research vol. 7 no. 11,
2012.
[2] Misam.A and M. N. Mangulkar, Structural
Response of Soft Storey-High Rise Buildings
under different Shear Wall locations,
International Journal of Civil Engineering
and Technology (IJCIET) Vol. 3, Issue. 2,
July - December 2012.
[3] S. Hirde and G. Tepugade, Seismic
performance of Multi-storey building with
Soft Storey at different level with RC Shear
4. Hiral Adhiya. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 1, ( Part -4) January 2017, pp.15-18
www.ijera.com 18 | P a g e
wall, International Journal of Current
Engineering and Technology, 2014.
[4] S. Arunkumar and Dr. G. N. Devi, Seismic
demand study of Soft Storey building and its
strengthening for Seismic Response,
International Journal of Emerging Trends
and Technology in Computer Science Vol. 5,
Issue 2, March – April 2016.
[5] Prof. S. S. Patil and Mr. S. D. Sagare,
Dynamic analysis of Soft Storey-High Rise
Buildings with Shear Walls, International
Journal of Civil Engineering Research and
Application Vol. 1, Issue 4, August 2013.
[6] A. S. Kasnale and Dr. S. S. Jamkar, Study of
Seismic performance for Soft basement of RC
Framed Buildings, International Journal of
Engineering Science and Research
Technology, 2013.
[7] J. N. Arlekar, S. K. Jain and C. V. R. Murty,
Seismic Response of RC Frame Buildings
with Soft First Stories, Proceedings of the
CBRI Golden Jubilee Conference on Natural
Hazards in Urban Habitat, New Delhi 1997.
[8] P. Tiwari, P. J. Salunke and N. G. Gore,
Earthquake Resistant Design of Open Ground
Storey Building, International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.
2, Issue 7, October 2015.
[9] P. B. Lamb, Dr. R. S. Londhe, Seismic
behavior of Soft First Storey, IOSR Journal of
Mechanical and Civil Engineering ( IOSR-
JMCE) Vol. 4, December 2012.
Books:
[10] I.S. 1893 (Part 1): 2002, Criteria for
Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures,
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[11] Earthquake Tips: Learning Earthquake
Design and Construction, Building Material
and Technology Promotion Council, Indian
Institute of Technology Kanpur.