IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Injection of OxyHydrogen Gas on t...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRAC: Oxy-Hydrogen gas, H2O2, is a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen produced by water electrolysis. In this work, an experimental exploration was carried out in order to study the effect of the addition of oxy-hydrogen gas into inlet air manifold on speed performance characteristics of a diesel engine at different operating conditions. The experimental work was performed on a test rig comprising a four stroke 5.67 liters water-cooled diesel engine and a Heenan hydraulic dynamometer. Instrumentation included devices for measuring engine speed, load, fuel consumption and inlet air flow rate. The measurements were conducted at 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 rpm. At each speed, the engine load was adjusted to 20%, 40% and 80% from the engine full load which corresponds to engine brake mean effective pressures of 1.55, 3.11, and 6.22 bar, respectively, for Oxy-hydrogen generator supplied Currents of 26A and electrolyte concentration of 25 %. The fuel saving percentage and so the brake thermal efficiency for the H2O2 enriched CI engine is more evidently seen at low loads and high-speed conditions. the volumetric efficiency drop was about 5 % at small speeds and reaches to about 2% at higher engine speed.
Simulation of Combustion Process with Delayed Entry Technique Using Discrete ...AM Publications
The rapidly increasing worldwide demand for energy and the progressive depletion of fossil fuels has led to an
intensive research for alternative fuels which can be produced on a renewable basis. Hydrogen in the form of energy will
almost certainly be one of the most important energy components of the early next century. Hydrogen is a clean burning and
easily transportable fuel. Most of the pollution problems posed by fossil fuels at present would practically disappear with
Hydrogen since steam is the main product of its combustion. This Paper deals with the modeling of Suction and Compression
Processes for Hydrogen Fuelled S.I.Engine and also describes the safe and backfire free Delayed entry Technique. A four
stroke, Multicylinder, Naturally aspirated, Spark ignition engine, water cooled engine has been used to carrying out of
investigations of Suction Process. The Hydrogen is entered in the cylinder with the help of Delayed Entry Valve. This work
discusses the insight of suction process because during this process only air and Hydrogen enters in to cylinder, which after
combustion provides power. Simulation is the process of designing a model of a real system and conduction experiment with it,
for the purpose of understanding the behavior of the design. The advent of computers and the possibilities of performing
numerical experiments may provide new way of designing S.I.Engine. In fact stronger interaction between Engine Modelers,
Designers and Experimenters may results in improved engine design in the not-to-distant future. A computer Programme is
developed for analysis of suction and Compression processes. The parameter considered in computation includes engine speed,
compression ratio, ignition timing, fuel-air ratio and heat transfer. The results of computational exercise are discussed in the
paper.
Simulation of Expansion & Exhaust Process with Delayed Entry Technique Using ...AM Publications
The rapidly increasing worldwide demand for energy and the progressive depletion of fossil fuels has led to an
intensive research for alternative fuels which can be produced on a renewable basis. Hydrogen in the form of energy will
almost certainly be one of the most important energy components of the early next century. Hydrogen is a clean burning and
easily transportable fuel. Most of the pollution problems posed by fossil fuels at present would practically disappear with
Hydrogen since steam is the main product of its combustion. This Paper deals with the modeling of Suction and Compression
Processes for Hydrogen Fuelled S.I.Engine and also describes the safe and backfire free Delayed entry Technique. A four
stroke, Multicylinder, Naturally aspirated, Spark ignition engine, water cooled engine has been used to carrying out of
investigations of Suction Process. The Hydrogen is entered in the cylinder with the help of Delayed Entry Valve. This work
discusses the insight of suction process because during this process only air and Hydrogen enters in to cylinder, which after
combustion provides power. Simulation is the process of designing a model of a real system and conduction experiment with it,
for the purpose of understanding the behavior of the design. The advent of computers and the possibilities of performing
numerical experiments may provide new way of designing S.I.Engine. In fact stronger interaction between Engine Modelers,
Designers and Experimenters may results in improved engine design in the not-to-distant future. A computer Programme is
developed for analysis of suction and Compression processes. The parameter considered in computation includes engine speed,
compression ratio, ignition timing, fuel-air ratio and heat transfer. The results of computational exercise are discussed in the
paper.
Investigation of performance of si engine with fuels gasoline, natural gas ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Genset Engine Development to Meet Current Emission Norms" (Conversion from CP...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Injection of OxyHydrogen Gas on t...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRAC: Oxy-Hydrogen gas, H2O2, is a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen produced by water electrolysis. In this work, an experimental exploration was carried out in order to study the effect of the addition of oxy-hydrogen gas into inlet air manifold on speed performance characteristics of a diesel engine at different operating conditions. The experimental work was performed on a test rig comprising a four stroke 5.67 liters water-cooled diesel engine and a Heenan hydraulic dynamometer. Instrumentation included devices for measuring engine speed, load, fuel consumption and inlet air flow rate. The measurements were conducted at 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 rpm. At each speed, the engine load was adjusted to 20%, 40% and 80% from the engine full load which corresponds to engine brake mean effective pressures of 1.55, 3.11, and 6.22 bar, respectively, for Oxy-hydrogen generator supplied Currents of 26A and electrolyte concentration of 25 %. The fuel saving percentage and so the brake thermal efficiency for the H2O2 enriched CI engine is more evidently seen at low loads and high-speed conditions. the volumetric efficiency drop was about 5 % at small speeds and reaches to about 2% at higher engine speed.
Simulation of Combustion Process with Delayed Entry Technique Using Discrete ...AM Publications
The rapidly increasing worldwide demand for energy and the progressive depletion of fossil fuels has led to an
intensive research for alternative fuels which can be produced on a renewable basis. Hydrogen in the form of energy will
almost certainly be one of the most important energy components of the early next century. Hydrogen is a clean burning and
easily transportable fuel. Most of the pollution problems posed by fossil fuels at present would practically disappear with
Hydrogen since steam is the main product of its combustion. This Paper deals with the modeling of Suction and Compression
Processes for Hydrogen Fuelled S.I.Engine and also describes the safe and backfire free Delayed entry Technique. A four
stroke, Multicylinder, Naturally aspirated, Spark ignition engine, water cooled engine has been used to carrying out of
investigations of Suction Process. The Hydrogen is entered in the cylinder with the help of Delayed Entry Valve. This work
discusses the insight of suction process because during this process only air and Hydrogen enters in to cylinder, which after
combustion provides power. Simulation is the process of designing a model of a real system and conduction experiment with it,
for the purpose of understanding the behavior of the design. The advent of computers and the possibilities of performing
numerical experiments may provide new way of designing S.I.Engine. In fact stronger interaction between Engine Modelers,
Designers and Experimenters may results in improved engine design in the not-to-distant future. A computer Programme is
developed for analysis of suction and Compression processes. The parameter considered in computation includes engine speed,
compression ratio, ignition timing, fuel-air ratio and heat transfer. The results of computational exercise are discussed in the
paper.
Simulation of Expansion & Exhaust Process with Delayed Entry Technique Using ...AM Publications
The rapidly increasing worldwide demand for energy and the progressive depletion of fossil fuels has led to an
intensive research for alternative fuels which can be produced on a renewable basis. Hydrogen in the form of energy will
almost certainly be one of the most important energy components of the early next century. Hydrogen is a clean burning and
easily transportable fuel. Most of the pollution problems posed by fossil fuels at present would practically disappear with
Hydrogen since steam is the main product of its combustion. This Paper deals with the modeling of Suction and Compression
Processes for Hydrogen Fuelled S.I.Engine and also describes the safe and backfire free Delayed entry Technique. A four
stroke, Multicylinder, Naturally aspirated, Spark ignition engine, water cooled engine has been used to carrying out of
investigations of Suction Process. The Hydrogen is entered in the cylinder with the help of Delayed Entry Valve. This work
discusses the insight of suction process because during this process only air and Hydrogen enters in to cylinder, which after
combustion provides power. Simulation is the process of designing a model of a real system and conduction experiment with it,
for the purpose of understanding the behavior of the design. The advent of computers and the possibilities of performing
numerical experiments may provide new way of designing S.I.Engine. In fact stronger interaction between Engine Modelers,
Designers and Experimenters may results in improved engine design in the not-to-distant future. A computer Programme is
developed for analysis of suction and Compression processes. The parameter considered in computation includes engine speed,
compression ratio, ignition timing, fuel-air ratio and heat transfer. The results of computational exercise are discussed in the
paper.
Investigation of performance of si engine with fuels gasoline, natural gas ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Genset Engine Development to Meet Current Emission Norms" (Conversion from CP...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Simulation of Suction & Compression Process with Delayed Entry Technique Usin...AM Publications
The rapidly increasing worldwide demand for energy and the progressive depletion of fossil fuels has led to an
intensive research for alternative fuels which can be produced on a renewable basis. Hydrogen in the form of energy will almost
certainly be one of the most important energy components of the early next century. Hydrogen is a clean burning and easily
transportable fuel. Most of the pollution problems posed by fossil fuels at present would practically disappear with Hydrogen
since steam is the main product of its combustion. This Paper deals with the modeling of Suction and Compression Processes for
Hydrogen Fuelled S.I.Engine and also describes the safe and backfire free Delayed entry Technique. A four stroke,
Multicylinder, Naturally aspirated, Spark ignition engine, water cooled engine has been used to carrying out of investigations of
Suction Process. The Hydrogen is entered in the cylinder with the help of Delayed Entry Valve. This work discusses the insight
of suction process because during this process only air and Hydrogen enters in to cylinder, which after combustion provides
power. Simulation is the process of designing a model of a real system and conduction experiment with it, for the purpose of
understanding the behavior of the design. The advent of computers and the possibilities of performing numerical experiments
may provide new way of designing S.I.Engine. In fact stronger interaction between Engine Modelers, Designers and
Experimenters may results in improved engine design in the not-to-distant future. A computer Programme is developed for
analysis of suction and Compression processes. The parameter considered in computation includes engine speed, compression
ratio, ignition timing, fuel-air ratio and heat transfer. The results of computational exercise are discussed in the paper.
Studies of performance and emission characteristics of compressed natural gas...IOSR Journals
In Bangladesh, petrol, diesel and octane are conventionally used as an engine fuel. Petrol and
octane are used only transport sector. Diesel is used in transport, agriculture and power generation among
them 45% of diesel is consumed in transport sector. Total demand of liquid fuel is rising day by day. The
country has no natural sources of liquid fuels. As a result a huge amount of money spent for importing fuel from
abroad. This expenditure will be massive amount within a few years. The gas could be compressed natural gas
(CNG) or bio methane. The advantage is that this reduces fuel costs and when local bio methane is used, it also
contributes to the use of a more sustainable fuel supply.
CNG system suppliers are currently developing dual-fuel technology and have already converted
trucks, using government grants. Furthermore, various exploratory studies into the dual-fuel principle are being
conducted under contract to various municipalities in the context of sustainable transportation (fermentation of
city waste to produce bio methane for use as engine fuel). According to World Health Organization (WHO), the
safe limit of dust particles in the atmosphere is 40 to 80 micrograms, whereas in Dhaka city, it is 1700 to 2200
micrograms. To minimize environmental pollution in Dhaka, CNG played a vital role now a day. To use CNG
on commercial basis, different programs are taken to use compressed natural gas (CNG). This program mainly
concentrated on road transport. These programs cannot spread throughout the country due to some difficulties.
But there is a huge potentiality in road, marine, railway and stationary engines to use CNG.
Natural gas engine combustion research based on bench testIJRES Journal
In this paper, mainly research on LNG(CNG) engine with outside-cylinder premixed combustion mode, the combustion mode can determine the gas engine emissions and power performance. There are three kinds of engine combustion -Lean combustion, Equivalent combustion and Mixed combustion mode by using equivalent combustion/lean burn combined. The innovation point lies in this paper is that this experiment adopts mixed combustion mode by burning strategy control, can be achieved in guarantee engine fuel economy, power performance , meet the requirements of Euro V combustion emissions regulations.
Experimental Analysis of Emission Parameters for Various Blends of Gasohol o...IJMER
In India, Ethanol is generally produced as a by-product of sugar is blended with petrol and was
tested for their use as a substitute fuel, based on their emissions. The main aim of this experiment is to
study the effect of various blends on the exhaust of the engine. The 99.96% pure ethanol was blended with
gasoline, solutions of gasohol (ethanol blended gasoline) with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% ethanol
blended in gasoline, volume per volume were prepared and tested on a 1000cc four stroke four cylinder
inline engine by a digital analyzer and on a 100cc four stroke single cylinder engine by standard PUC
norms followed in India. It was observed that E20 had the optimum readings of emission.
Investigation on multi cylinder s.i engine using blends of hydrogen and cngeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
ANALYSIS OF EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF NM-DIESEL BLEND ON VCR DIESEL ENGINEijmech
The consumption of fuel is increasing resulting in pollution of environment with smoke and NOx due to the
development in automobile and power sector. These emission contents smoke and NOx can be reduced by
adding additives with diesel fuel. As these additives are very costly and hence becomes unviable. These
additives decrease the performance of combustion.
Oxygenated compounds are most widely used among additives. The reason for this is the participation of
their oxygen in reactions leading to better combustion and hence lowering the emission contents the
molecular structure of the oxygen contents of additives directly influence on smoke reduction and the
oxygen concentration of the fuel flame also effects the emission specially Nitro paraffin compound
additives have high oxygen contents is then molecular structure. So we considered as oxygenated
additives.
We have used nitro methane (NM) (2%) as an additives with diesel while analyzing the emission
characteristic on VCR Engine
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design and development of high frequency resonant transition convertereSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Behavior of square footing resting on reinforced sand subjected to incrementa...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Microstructure analysis of steel 85 & al 7050 for cold expanded holeseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Prediction of tool wear during turning of en9 work material against coated ca...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Simulation of Suction & Compression Process with Delayed Entry Technique Usin...AM Publications
The rapidly increasing worldwide demand for energy and the progressive depletion of fossil fuels has led to an
intensive research for alternative fuels which can be produced on a renewable basis. Hydrogen in the form of energy will almost
certainly be one of the most important energy components of the early next century. Hydrogen is a clean burning and easily
transportable fuel. Most of the pollution problems posed by fossil fuels at present would practically disappear with Hydrogen
since steam is the main product of its combustion. This Paper deals with the modeling of Suction and Compression Processes for
Hydrogen Fuelled S.I.Engine and also describes the safe and backfire free Delayed entry Technique. A four stroke,
Multicylinder, Naturally aspirated, Spark ignition engine, water cooled engine has been used to carrying out of investigations of
Suction Process. The Hydrogen is entered in the cylinder with the help of Delayed Entry Valve. This work discusses the insight
of suction process because during this process only air and Hydrogen enters in to cylinder, which after combustion provides
power. Simulation is the process of designing a model of a real system and conduction experiment with it, for the purpose of
understanding the behavior of the design. The advent of computers and the possibilities of performing numerical experiments
may provide new way of designing S.I.Engine. In fact stronger interaction between Engine Modelers, Designers and
Experimenters may results in improved engine design in the not-to-distant future. A computer Programme is developed for
analysis of suction and Compression processes. The parameter considered in computation includes engine speed, compression
ratio, ignition timing, fuel-air ratio and heat transfer. The results of computational exercise are discussed in the paper.
Studies of performance and emission characteristics of compressed natural gas...IOSR Journals
In Bangladesh, petrol, diesel and octane are conventionally used as an engine fuel. Petrol and
octane are used only transport sector. Diesel is used in transport, agriculture and power generation among
them 45% of diesel is consumed in transport sector. Total demand of liquid fuel is rising day by day. The
country has no natural sources of liquid fuels. As a result a huge amount of money spent for importing fuel from
abroad. This expenditure will be massive amount within a few years. The gas could be compressed natural gas
(CNG) or bio methane. The advantage is that this reduces fuel costs and when local bio methane is used, it also
contributes to the use of a more sustainable fuel supply.
CNG system suppliers are currently developing dual-fuel technology and have already converted
trucks, using government grants. Furthermore, various exploratory studies into the dual-fuel principle are being
conducted under contract to various municipalities in the context of sustainable transportation (fermentation of
city waste to produce bio methane for use as engine fuel). According to World Health Organization (WHO), the
safe limit of dust particles in the atmosphere is 40 to 80 micrograms, whereas in Dhaka city, it is 1700 to 2200
micrograms. To minimize environmental pollution in Dhaka, CNG played a vital role now a day. To use CNG
on commercial basis, different programs are taken to use compressed natural gas (CNG). This program mainly
concentrated on road transport. These programs cannot spread throughout the country due to some difficulties.
But there is a huge potentiality in road, marine, railway and stationary engines to use CNG.
Natural gas engine combustion research based on bench testIJRES Journal
In this paper, mainly research on LNG(CNG) engine with outside-cylinder premixed combustion mode, the combustion mode can determine the gas engine emissions and power performance. There are three kinds of engine combustion -Lean combustion, Equivalent combustion and Mixed combustion mode by using equivalent combustion/lean burn combined. The innovation point lies in this paper is that this experiment adopts mixed combustion mode by burning strategy control, can be achieved in guarantee engine fuel economy, power performance , meet the requirements of Euro V combustion emissions regulations.
Experimental Analysis of Emission Parameters for Various Blends of Gasohol o...IJMER
In India, Ethanol is generally produced as a by-product of sugar is blended with petrol and was
tested for their use as a substitute fuel, based on their emissions. The main aim of this experiment is to
study the effect of various blends on the exhaust of the engine. The 99.96% pure ethanol was blended with
gasoline, solutions of gasohol (ethanol blended gasoline) with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% ethanol
blended in gasoline, volume per volume were prepared and tested on a 1000cc four stroke four cylinder
inline engine by a digital analyzer and on a 100cc four stroke single cylinder engine by standard PUC
norms followed in India. It was observed that E20 had the optimum readings of emission.
Investigation on multi cylinder s.i engine using blends of hydrogen and cngeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
ANALYSIS OF EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF NM-DIESEL BLEND ON VCR DIESEL ENGINEijmech
The consumption of fuel is increasing resulting in pollution of environment with smoke and NOx due to the
development in automobile and power sector. These emission contents smoke and NOx can be reduced by
adding additives with diesel fuel. As these additives are very costly and hence becomes unviable. These
additives decrease the performance of combustion.
Oxygenated compounds are most widely used among additives. The reason for this is the participation of
their oxygen in reactions leading to better combustion and hence lowering the emission contents the
molecular structure of the oxygen contents of additives directly influence on smoke reduction and the
oxygen concentration of the fuel flame also effects the emission specially Nitro paraffin compound
additives have high oxygen contents is then molecular structure. So we considered as oxygenated
additives.
We have used nitro methane (NM) (2%) as an additives with diesel while analyzing the emission
characteristic on VCR Engine
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design and development of high frequency resonant transition convertereSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Behavior of square footing resting on reinforced sand subjected to incrementa...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Microstructure analysis of steel 85 & al 7050 for cold expanded holeseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Prediction of tool wear during turning of en9 work material against coated ca...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Optimization of energy use intensity in a design build frameworkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Hardback solution to accelerate multimedia computation through mgp in cmpeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Enhanced equally distributed load balancing algorithm for cloud computingeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Distance protection of hvdc transmission line with novel fault location techn...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
“Development and performance analysis of a multi evaporating system”eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Behaviour of bituminous concrete modified with polyethylene glycol for blade ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
“Optimizing the data transmission between multiple nodes during link failure ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Stress analysis of stick reinforced granite periwinkle concrete slab under un...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance analysis of ic engine using air energizereSAT Journals
Abstract In normal circumstances, due to incomplete combustion, 30% of the fuel remains unburnt and is emitted in the form of black smoke, causing air pollution. Moreover, the carbon originating from incomplete fuel combustions, settles on the spark plug and on the engine piston, thus diminishing the compression capacity of the piston and increasing the friction factor. This rate of carbon deposition increases especially in city driving, as the engine works much of the time at part throttle. Excess carbon decreases the compression ratio of the engine which ultimately robs the engine of its power, due to acute knocking or detonation. The above problem can be reduced to some extent by making use of paramagnetic property of oxygen present in the incoming air i.e. by passing the air through external magnetic field. Keywords: Air Energizer, Magnet, IC engine;
Performance analysis of ic engine using air energizerLaukik Raut
In normal circumstances, due to incomplete combustion, 30% of the fuel remains unburnt and is emitted in the form of black
smoke, causing air pollution. Moreover, the carbon originating from incomplete fuel combustions, settles on the spark plug and
on the engine piston, thus diminishing the compression capacity of the piston and increasing the friction factor. This rate of
carbon deposition increases especially in city driving, as the engine works much of the time at part throttle. Excess carbon
decreases the compression ratio of the engine which ultimately robs the engine of its power, due to acute knocking or detonation.
The above problem can be reduced to some extent by making use of paramagnetic property of oxygen present in the incoming air
i.e. by passing the air through external magnetic field
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Effect of spiral grooves in piston bowl on exhaust emissions of direct inject...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental investigation of the performance of vcr diesel engine fuelled by...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Increasing demand of fuel in everyday life and its hazards cause serious problem for this planet. Serious attention is required to see this problem. In this paper there is a research to find out the alternative for diesel fuel and efforts to increase its performance. N-butanol is blended with diesel in different volume (B5 - 5% n-butanol and 95% diesel, B10, B15, B20, B25 and B30) and its effects on various performance parameters are studied. Increasing Butanol concentration in fuel increases BSFC of the engine. Increasing butanol ratio reduces the BTE of the engine from 24% to 22% at maximum load. Exhaust gas temperature reduces with increasing butanol. Mechanical efficiency also increases with addition of n-butanol.
Keywords: N-butanol, BSFC, BTE
EFFECT OF INJECTION PRESSURE ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WI...IAEME Publication
In the context of exhaustion of fossil fuels day by day due to heavy demand with the use of agriculture sector and transport sector, escalation of fuel prices in International Oil Market causing huge economic burden on developing countries like India and rise of pollution levels with fossil fuel, the conservation of fossil fuels has become pertinent. Gaseous fuels have many merits over liquid fuels, as the pollutants emitted by gaseous fuels are low due to clean combustion, high calorific value in comparison with liquid fuels. Vegetable oils are good substitutes for diesel, as they are renewable, comparable calorific value and cetane (measure of combustion quality) number when compared with neat diesel operation. However, the disadvantages associated with vegetable oils such as high viscosity and low volatility cause combustion problems in diesel engines. They can be rectified to some extent by converting them into biodiesel. They are many methods to induct gaseous fuels such as port injection, carburetion technique, injection of gaseous fuel at the near end of compression stroke etc. Investigations were carried out with Acetylene gas as primary fuel inducted by port injection and diesel was injected into the engine in conventional manner. Particulate matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon mono oxide (CO) levels and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) are the exhaust emissions from a diesel engine. They cause health hazards, once they are inhaled in. They also cause environmental effects like Green-house effect and Global Warming. Hence control of these emissions is an immediate effect and an urgent step. The pollutants of PM, NOx, CO and UBHC were determined at full load operation of the engine with varied injection pressure and compared with diesel operation on conventional engine. The maximum induction of Acetylene gas was 35% of total mass of diesel as full load operation. Particulate emissions were determined by AVL Smoke meter, while other emissions were measured by Netel Chromatograph multi-gas analyzer at full load operation. These pollutants were drastically reduced with induction of Acetylene gas and further reduced with an increase of injection pressure.
Practical Issues of Combustion Oxygen Measurement Specifically Related to NOx...Arjay Automation
Power plants concerned with lowering NOx emissions are making tremendous changes to accommodate EPA regulatory requirements. A substantial number of these changes include the expansion and upgrade of the plant combustion oxygen measurement equipment. There is a striking relationship between the number of NOx reductions projects and the sales quantity of insitu oxygen detectors. The reason is that power plant betterment groups, operators, boiler manufacturers and engineering firms understand the direct relationship between NOx and excess air in the combustion process.
An area of daily practical importance to boiler operators and I&C teams are the common problems with insitu oxygen measurements. This paper focuses on the practical issues of combustion oxygen measurement as they relate to specifically to fuel usage and NOx emissions.
Read the entire white paper, courtesy of Yokogawa Corporation of America here.
Performance evaluation and flame stabilization of stagnation point reverse fl...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The conventional gas turbine engines use straight flow combustors. The reverse-flow layout effectively uses the air flow to cool down the combustor liner and the transition piece as a counter flow heat exchanging process. The absorbed heat by the air is returned back to the system. The reverse flow configuration causes the flow to stagnate and hot products to reverse and leave the combustor.
One of the major challenges facing designers of low NOx emission combustion systems is flame stability, as the weaker combustion process is more vulnerable to small perturbations in combustor operating conditions. Since further reduction of NOx will likely require even leaner mixtures, schemes for lean stability extension must be considered. Stability can be dependent on the balance between flow and flame propagation velocities. In combustors where combustion is limited by reaction rates, however practical combustors do not operate in either limit. To stabilize a flame in the desired region of interest, various stabilization methodologies are adopted that either enhance the flame propagation speeds or create zones with low velocities where a flame can be sustained for inspection of premixed flame stability in Stagnation Point Reverse Flow combustor model, using Computational Fluid dynamics(CFD). The CFD analysis yielded the results which go with actual experimental results.
Keywords: combustor, stagnation, flame stability, reverse flow, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) etc..
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Prediction on Increasing the Efficiency of Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine U...IJMER
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System means to use the Exhaust Gas coming from
Exhaust Manifold to Inlet Manifold in order to reduce the Emission of NOX which is particularly very
harmful. Engine without EGR are more pollutant & uses more atmospherically air for combustion. By
Implementation of EGR system in Engine, the Partial Exhaust Gas is re-circulated again in Engine. The
aim of this work is to review the potential of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce the exhaust
emissions, particularly NOX emissions, and to delimit the application range of this technique. The
system is very much Eco Friendly. Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Technique in engines, the
emissions are very much controlled. This method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Analysis of fuel consumption and oxides of nitrogen using oxygen enriched air in compression ignition engine
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 192
ANALYSIS OF FUEL CONSUMPTION AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN
USING OXYGEN ENRICHED AIR IN COMPRESSION IGNITION
ENGINE
Kamalakkannan.K1
, Bharath.P2
1
Associate Professor, 2
Post graduate student, Department of automobile engineering, Hindustan University, Padur,
Chennai, India
Abstract
Pollution is one major factor which affects the environment nowadays, resulting in green house effect and global warming. Suitable
methods are introduced to increase the engine fuel economy and bring down the emissions within the tolerable limit. One way of
doing it is by inducting oxygen into the combustion chamber since oxygen is a combustion enhancer the amount of oxygen entering
into the combustion chamber if increased it would result in better engine performance and lower emissions. Oxygen can be inducted
in the intake stroke by the help of an external source and mixing chamber is provided so that it helps in better mixing of air and
supplementary oxygen. This additional increase of air will affects all parameters of the engine like operating temperature, fuel
consumption, Brake power, emissions, and heat release but only fuel consumption and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) alone is analyzed.
Load test was conducted on a compression Ignition engine for various concentration of oxygen from (21% to 27%) with an interval of
2%. This experimental study shows better fuel economy and better brake specific fuel consumption but led to a very high percentage of
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emission and lower carbon monoxide (CO), hydro carbon (HC) emission.
Keywords: NOx emission, Fuel economy, Diesel engine, Oxygen enriched air.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
A Diesel engine is an internal combustion engine which uses
the heat of compression to initiate ignition in the combustion
chamber [11]. Diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency
of all standard internal combustion engine because of the
nature of the fuel used pollutants such as soot particles, carbon
monoxide, oxides of nitrogen has become a major
environmental issue.
Diesel engine always operated in excess air conditions hence
air entering has about 78% Nitrogen improving engine
performance and reducing pollution has always been a
problem because higher operating temperature would result in
better engine performance but will lead to NOx emission[11].
To improve the performance and fuel economy of the engine
nitrogen getting into the engine has to be eliminated.
To overcome the said problem 100% oxygen in the intake can
be given which would result in zero NOx emission. But this
method has a lot of limitation. Secondly the nitrogen entering
into the engine can be replaced by different kind of gas (e.g.:
Inert gas) in the intake system so that it doesn’t interact with
the combustion process and should not be a pollutant to the
performing system or to the environment.
These both methods have serious limitations. Another way of
doing this is by increasing the percentage of oxygen in the
intake air which will effectively replace the nitrogen from
getting into the engine. This will serve as a suitable
alternative.
In this study the effect of various percentage of oxygen in the
intake air is studied with respect to fuel consumption and
emission parameters.
2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Test was conducted on a single cylinder, naturally aspirated,
air cooled, and constant speed greaves engine. An eddy
current Dynamometer was used as the Loading device and a
Krypton gas analyzer was used for the study of the exhaust
gases. The specifications of the engine are given in the Table
1.
Table -1: Engine specifications
Engine type Naturally aspirated,
air cooled, constant
speed, greaves engine
No of cylinders 1
Compression ratio 18:1
Bore 68mm
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 193
Stroke 78mm
B.H.P 5
Fuel Diesel
Specific gravity 0.8275
Loading device Eddy current
dynamometer
The source of oxygen is a commercial used oxygen cylinder
which is attached to a flow meter which is fitted to a flame
trap and then goes to a mixing chamber which helps in mixing
of air and the supplement oxygen. Then it is feed into the
engine.
(1) Oxygen cylinder; (2) Flow meter; (3) Flame trap; (4)
Engine; (5) Engine; (6) Loading Device; (7) Exhaust gas; (8)
Krypton gas analyzer; (9) To Atmosphere
Fig -1: Experimental setup
Test was taken for all the different percentage of Oxygen in
the intake air. The amount of oxygen entering is monitored in
such a way that it doesn’t exceed 28% because higher
percentage of oxygen would result in very high heat release
and may result in explosion.
The quantity of oxygen sent additionally into the engine is
given in the table 2.
Table -2: Quantity of oxygen supplemented
Percentage Liters per
minute
O2 % in CC Total O2
in CC
21% No additional
O2
918 918
23% 2.5 918+42 959
25% 5 918+83 1001
27% 7.5 918+125 1043
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The enrichment of oxygen in the intake air would help in
better combustion and result in higher heat release for the
same quantity of fuel.
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
25 50 75 100
Fuelconsumptionrate
(kg/h)
Load (%)
21%
23%
25%
27%
Graph -1: Load vs fuel consumption rate
By increasing the percentage of oxygen in the intake air from
(21% to 27%) the variation can be found. It is observed that
for normal 21% oxygen level the engine had a maximum
value of 0.6206 kg/h at 100% load when taken for 23% of
oxygen enrichment there was very significant change when
compared with 25% and 27% of oxygen there was a distinct
change of 9% and 14% decrease was found. This shows that
the same work can be done by the engine at less fuel
consumption rate.
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
25 50 75 100
BSFC(kg/kwh)
Load (%)
21%
23%
25%
27%
Graph -2: Load vs Brake specific Fuel consumption
The Brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC) also showed a
distinct variation at higher percentage of oxygen levels in the
intake air for 21% and 23% of oxygen levels the specific brake
power was high as 0.645 kg/wh at minimum load and at high
load conditions the amount of fuel consumed for unit brake
power reduced by about 35% for oxygen enrichment of 25%
and 27% the variation was distinct there was a reduction of
11% and 18% less fuel consumption at all loads which shows
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 194
that higher oxygen percentage in the intake air results in better
economy.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
25 50 75 100
Partspermillion(PPM)
Load (%)
21%
23%
25%
27%
Graph -3: Load vs. NOx
NOx parameter for different percentage of oxygen shows wide
variations because oxygen which is inducted inside the
chamber increases the operating temperature which makes the
atmospheric nitrogen into atomic nitrogen which has more
affinity towards oxygen which results in the formation of NOx
in the engine.
When compared the NOx curve for all 23%, 25%, and 27% of
oxygen there is nearly 400%, 540% and 800% of NOx increase
when compared with normal 21% Oxygen level operating
condition
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
25 50 75 100
Percentage(%)
Load (%)
21%
23%
25%
27%
Graph -4: Load vs Oxygen percentage in exhaust
The percentage of oxygen in the exhaust also increased
considerably when more oxygen is sent into the engine CO
level reduced by 33%, 39%, and 53% for the respective
oxygen percentage of 23%, 25%, and 27% in the intake air.
Table -3: Comparison of all four graphs at Peak load
Percentage Fuel
consumption
BSFC NOx O2% in
exhaust
21% 0.62 0.4106 1134 17.44
23% 0.595 0.4014 3278 18.61
25% 0.572 0.3845 3956 18.87
27% 0.523 0.3456 4656 19.26
The comparison of all four values show that increasing the
oxygen percentage in the intake reduces the fuel consumption
and it has the highest percentage of oxygen usage of about
23% and the only limitation is that it has more NOx.
4. CONCLUSIONS
The use of oxygen enrichment on diesel engine under different
load condition was studied and the main observations are as
follows:
1. Fuel consumption rate decreases for higher oxygen
percentage in the intake air.
2. The amount of fuel consumed for unit brake power is
high at minimum load, and reduces when the load
increases and this happens for all oxygen percentages
in the intake air.
3. Oxygen which is coming out of the exhaust also
increases with respect to the percentage of oxygen in
the intake air.
4. CO drops a very high percentage with respect to
oxygen induction in the intake as oxygen helps in
better combustion.
5. NOx which has increased exponentially can be
reduced be using suitable after treatment methods or
optimum level of NOx to the percentage of oxygen in
the intake air have to be found so that the NOx is kept
under tolerable limit.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are thankful for the full support provided by the
college (Hindustan University) and Department of automobile
engineering for giving the opportunity to do this research
work.
REFERENCES
[1]. B Lakshmana Swamy1, Dr. B Sudheer Prem Kumar, Dr.
K Vijay Kumar Reddy “ Reduction of Diesel Engine
Emissions and Its Analysis by Using Exhaust Gas
Recirculation at Various Cooling Rates” August 2013 224
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative
Technology (IJEIT) Volume 3, Issue 2.
[2]. K.Rajkumari and P. Govindarajan “Experimental
Investigation of Oxygen Enriched air intake on Combustion
Parameters of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine” 2010, 3621-
3627 International Journal of Engineering Science and
Technology Vol. 2(8)
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 195
[3]. Operational and environmental evaluation of Diesel
engines burning oxygen enriched intake air or oxygen
enriched fuels – SAE Technical papers – paper number: 2004
- 01- 2924
[4]. Theodoros C et al., DI Diesel Engine Performance and
Emissions from the Oxygen Enrichment of Fuels with Various
Aromatic Content, Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory,
National Technical University of Athens
[5]. Lei, J., Bi, Y. and Shen, L., “Performance and emission
characteristics of diesel engine fueled with ethanol-diesel
blends in different altitude regions”, hindawi publishing
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[6]. Arrègle, J., López, J. J., García, J. M., and Fenollosa, C.,
“Development of a zero-dimensional diesel combustion
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pp. 1301–131
[7]. Assians D.N. et al., Study of using oxygen-enriched
combustion for locomotive diesel engine, Journal of
engineering for gas turbines and power Y.2001, vol.123,No.1.
[8]. Donahue, R. J. and Foster, D. E.,”Effect of oxygen
enhancement on the emission from DI diesel via manipulation
of fuel and combustion chamber gas composition”, SAE
paper, No. 2001-01-0512
[9]. Song, J., Zello, V. and Boehman, A. L., “Comparison of
the impact of intake oxygen enrichment and fuel oxygenation
on diesel particulate emissions”, fuel chemistry division
preprints, 2002.
[10]. Anand, R. and Mahalakshmi, N. V., “The effects of
oxygen enrichment with intake air in a direct injection diesel
engine”, IE (I) Journal-Mc, Vol. 90, 2010, pp.44-47.
[11]. Internal combustion engines by V.Ganesan, Tata
McGraw-Hill publishing company limited.
BIOGRAPHIES
Kamalakkannan. K, AssociateProfessor,
Department of Automobile Engineering,
Hindustan University, Chennai, Mail id:
kamalakannan.ka@gmail.com
Bharath. P, M.Tech (ICE), Final year student,
Hindustan University, Padur, Chennai, India.
Mail id: bharath.prabhacar@gmail.com