International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Prediction on Increasing the Efficiency of Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine U...IJMER
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System means to use the Exhaust Gas coming from
Exhaust Manifold to Inlet Manifold in order to reduce the Emission of NOX which is particularly very
harmful. Engine without EGR are more pollutant & uses more atmospherically air for combustion. By
Implementation of EGR system in Engine, the Partial Exhaust Gas is re-circulated again in Engine. The
aim of this work is to review the potential of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce the exhaust
emissions, particularly NOX emissions, and to delimit the application range of this technique. The
system is very much Eco Friendly. Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Technique in engines, the
emissions are very much controlled. This method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
The document presents an experimental study analyzing the impact of different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates on the performance and emissions of a gasoline engine. The study found that EGR rates of 10-30% substantially reduced NOx emissions while also improving brake thermal efficiency and reducing brake specific fuel consumption. The results demonstrate that EGR can effectively reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from gasoline engines without negatively impacting performance.
Performance and emission analysis of four stroke twin spark single cylinder S...ijsrd.com
An internal combustion (IC) engine has a predominant role in a low power generation and a virtual monopoly in mobile applications today. One of the best methods to improve the engine performance and reduce the exhaust emission in a SI engine is by using introduction of twin spark into the combustion chamber. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of twin spark using CNG fuel in SI engine. The performance and emission analysis of an engine are investigated by experiment with CNG kit and gas analyzer. From this study the fuel consumption is reduce in twin spark arrangement for the same power output as compare to single spark using both of the fuel gasoline as well as CNG. Engine emission is considerably reduced using twin spark plug.
The document summarizes a study on the performance of a twin plug spark ignition engine at different ignition timings compared to a single plug engine. The key findings are:
1) The twin plug engine showed improved performance in terms of higher power output, thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to the single plug engine under all ignition timings tested.
2) Emissions of HC and CO were reduced in the twin plug mode of operation due to the more complete combustion from two ignition points and faster flame propagation speeds.
3) Optimum performance was achieved with simultaneous ignition of both plugs at 260 degrees before top dead center, with higher efficiency and ability to use leaner mixtures compared to advanced or ret
This document summarizes an experimental study on reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions in a single cylinder diesel engine converted to run in dual fuel mode with compressed natural gas (CNG). Experiments were conducted with varying CNG substitution levels, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates, and fuel injection pressures. The results show that NOx emissions increased with higher CNG substitution levels but decreased with higher EGR rates and injection pressures. Increasing injection pressure was more effective at reducing NOx emissions while maintaining brake thermal efficiency compared to increasing EGR. The study aims to determine effective ways to control NOx emissions from a diesel engine operating in dual fuel mode with CNG.
Testing of the gasoline ethanol blends in carburetor type spark ignition engineIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that tested gasoline-ethanol blends in a carburetor type spark ignition engine. The study tested blends with 0-50% ethanol in 5% increments. Test results showed that blending increased brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, and fuel consumption, while decreasing CO, HC, and NOx emissions and increasing CO2 emissions. A 20% ethanol blend provided the best results for all measured parameters at all loads. The document provides details on the experimental setup, testing methodology, calculations of performance parameters, and discussion of results showing trends in parameters like fuel consumption, brake specific fuel consumption, and efficiencies with changing ethanol content and load.
Comparative study of performance of dual plug and single plug si engine at diffIAEME Publication
The document describes a study that compares the performance of a dual plug spark ignition engine to a single plug engine. The dual plug engine was developed by introducing a second spark plug opposite the first plug. Experiments were conducted at different loads and compression ratios. Results showed the dual plug engine had better thermal efficiency, lower HC and CO emissions, but slightly higher NOx emissions than the single plug engine. The effect of compression ratio on the dual plug engine was also investigated, finding an optimum ratio for best performance and emissions.
This document presents an experimental investigation on using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel in a spark ignition engine. A single cylinder four-stroke engine was modified to run on both gasoline and LPG. Tests were conducted to evaluate the engine's performance and exhaust emissions under different load conditions and compression ratios. The results showed that while LPG increased fuel consumption slightly compared to gasoline, it improved brake thermal efficiency and reduced exhaust emissions of CO, CO2, and unburnt hydrocarbons. Using LPG can thus provide environmental and performance benefits over gasoline in spark ignition engines.
Prediction on Increasing the Efficiency of Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine U...IJMER
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System means to use the Exhaust Gas coming from
Exhaust Manifold to Inlet Manifold in order to reduce the Emission of NOX which is particularly very
harmful. Engine without EGR are more pollutant & uses more atmospherically air for combustion. By
Implementation of EGR system in Engine, the Partial Exhaust Gas is re-circulated again in Engine. The
aim of this work is to review the potential of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce the exhaust
emissions, particularly NOX emissions, and to delimit the application range of this technique. The
system is very much Eco Friendly. Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Technique in engines, the
emissions are very much controlled. This method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
The document presents an experimental study analyzing the impact of different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates on the performance and emissions of a gasoline engine. The study found that EGR rates of 10-30% substantially reduced NOx emissions while also improving brake thermal efficiency and reducing brake specific fuel consumption. The results demonstrate that EGR can effectively reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from gasoline engines without negatively impacting performance.
Performance and emission analysis of four stroke twin spark single cylinder S...ijsrd.com
An internal combustion (IC) engine has a predominant role in a low power generation and a virtual monopoly in mobile applications today. One of the best methods to improve the engine performance and reduce the exhaust emission in a SI engine is by using introduction of twin spark into the combustion chamber. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of twin spark using CNG fuel in SI engine. The performance and emission analysis of an engine are investigated by experiment with CNG kit and gas analyzer. From this study the fuel consumption is reduce in twin spark arrangement for the same power output as compare to single spark using both of the fuel gasoline as well as CNG. Engine emission is considerably reduced using twin spark plug.
The document summarizes a study on the performance of a twin plug spark ignition engine at different ignition timings compared to a single plug engine. The key findings are:
1) The twin plug engine showed improved performance in terms of higher power output, thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to the single plug engine under all ignition timings tested.
2) Emissions of HC and CO were reduced in the twin plug mode of operation due to the more complete combustion from two ignition points and faster flame propagation speeds.
3) Optimum performance was achieved with simultaneous ignition of both plugs at 260 degrees before top dead center, with higher efficiency and ability to use leaner mixtures compared to advanced or ret
This document summarizes an experimental study on reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions in a single cylinder diesel engine converted to run in dual fuel mode with compressed natural gas (CNG). Experiments were conducted with varying CNG substitution levels, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates, and fuel injection pressures. The results show that NOx emissions increased with higher CNG substitution levels but decreased with higher EGR rates and injection pressures. Increasing injection pressure was more effective at reducing NOx emissions while maintaining brake thermal efficiency compared to increasing EGR. The study aims to determine effective ways to control NOx emissions from a diesel engine operating in dual fuel mode with CNG.
Testing of the gasoline ethanol blends in carburetor type spark ignition engineIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that tested gasoline-ethanol blends in a carburetor type spark ignition engine. The study tested blends with 0-50% ethanol in 5% increments. Test results showed that blending increased brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, and fuel consumption, while decreasing CO, HC, and NOx emissions and increasing CO2 emissions. A 20% ethanol blend provided the best results for all measured parameters at all loads. The document provides details on the experimental setup, testing methodology, calculations of performance parameters, and discussion of results showing trends in parameters like fuel consumption, brake specific fuel consumption, and efficiencies with changing ethanol content and load.
Comparative study of performance of dual plug and single plug si engine at diffIAEME Publication
The document describes a study that compares the performance of a dual plug spark ignition engine to a single plug engine. The dual plug engine was developed by introducing a second spark plug opposite the first plug. Experiments were conducted at different loads and compression ratios. Results showed the dual plug engine had better thermal efficiency, lower HC and CO emissions, but slightly higher NOx emissions than the single plug engine. The effect of compression ratio on the dual plug engine was also investigated, finding an optimum ratio for best performance and emissions.
This document presents an experimental investigation on using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel in a spark ignition engine. A single cylinder four-stroke engine was modified to run on both gasoline and LPG. Tests were conducted to evaluate the engine's performance and exhaust emissions under different load conditions and compression ratios. The results showed that while LPG increased fuel consumption slightly compared to gasoline, it improved brake thermal efficiency and reduced exhaust emissions of CO, CO2, and unburnt hydrocarbons. Using LPG can thus provide environmental and performance benefits over gasoline in spark ignition engines.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF TWO STROKE SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown] and compared with
conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine Copper coated engine (CCE) with methanol blended
gasoline considerably improved the performance in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. CCE with methanol blended gasoline increased the brake thermal efficiency, decreased the exhaust gas temperature and
increased the volumetric efficiency.
Studies on exhaust emissions of ceramic coated di diesel engine fuelled with ...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine with a ceramic coated cylinder head fueled with cotton seed biodiesel. The study investigated exhaust emissions under different operating conditions, including normal and pre-heated biodiesel temperatures, varied injector opening pressures and injection timings. Particulate and NOx emissions were evaluated at different brake mean effective pressures and compared to a conventional engine fueled with biodiesel and mineral diesel under similar operating conditions. The results showed that particulate emissions decreased while NOx levels increased for the engine with the low-heat rejection combustion chamber compared to the conventional engine when fueled with biodiesel.
This document investigates the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) while adopting different air filters on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine running with various air filters (AFM1-AFM4) at different EGR levels of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency and emissions such as CO, CO2, NOx, UBHC, O2, and smoke were measured and the results are presented and discussed. The findings show that brake thermal efficiency decreased with increasing EGR levels for all air filters. EGR is found to be effective in reducing NOx emissions but increases CO and UHC emissions.
Parametric Optimization of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine for Pyrolysis Oil an...IOSR Journals
Abstract: An experimental study has been carried out for pyrolysis oil blended with diesel used in single
cylinder diesel engine. Pyrolysis oil is obtained from tire waste by pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis process is a
thermo-chemical decomposition of organic matter in absence of oxygen. Blending of pyrolysis oil with diesel in
maximum possible proportion helps to reduce the consumption of diesel fuel. In this study, the effects of
parameters i.e. injection timing, injection pressure, compression ratio, and load are taken as variable for
optimization. As the experiment required simultaneously optimization of four parameters with five levels,
taguchi method of optimization is used in this experiment. The results of the taguchi experiment identifies that
220 injection timing, injection pressure 200 bar, compression ratio 16 and engine load 20kg are optimum
parameter setting for lowest break specific fuel consumption. Engine performance is mostly influenced by
engine load and is least influenced by Compression ratio.
Keyword: Pyrolysis oil, SFC, Taguchi Analysis, CI engine, Diesel
Analysis of turbocharger performance for jet assisted vertical takeoff and la...Ijrdt Journal
This paper gives a brief analysis on the performance parameters of a Turbocharger, by fabricating a separate combustion chamber and mocking the working of a jet engine. Parameters such as variation of specific heat, dimensionless flow parameters, variation of turbulence, conductivity, thrust developed etc are studied using simulation of the model, and compared with the actual working of the prototype. It can be conveniently proposed from the experiment that turbocharger can be used effectively for developing vertical take-off assist.
1. The document describes an experimental study to optimize the process parameters of a two-stroke spark ignition engine using a variable carburetor system.
2. Simplex optimization method was used to determine the optimal air-fuel ratio, air volume, and fuel mass to improve engine performance.
3. The results show that after optimization, the engine achieved higher air-fuel ratio, air mass, and thermal efficiency, with lower fuel consumption compared to the existing carburetor system. The variable carburetor system enhanced engine performance.
A Study on Engine Performance and Emission Reduction by Ethanol Addition in C...inventionjournals
Using alcohol fuels instead of fossil fuels is encouraging for alternative fuels. However, the use of compression ignition engines has been limited by its low viscosity and cetane number. In this study, fumigation combustion was performed using a dual fuel supply system that supplies diesel fuel through a compression ignition engine and ethanol through a carburetor. As the ethanol feed rate increased compared to pure diesel fuel, Torque, BMEP and BHP were slightly decreased. As the latent heat of vaporization of ethanol is higher than that of diesel and oxygen is sucked due to the role of ethanol as an oxygenate, the generation of CO, HC, and Smoke is less as the ethanol mixture increases compared with the operation of diesel fuel . Ethanol fuel has the effect of lowering the combustion temperature because it has larger latent heat of vaporization than diesel fuel. Therefore, it was found that the effect of reducing NOx is great.
The document presents research on the experimental analysis of performance of a spark ignition engine with variable compression ratios between 6-9. The results show that brake thermal efficiency and brake mean effective pressure were highest at a compression ratio of 9, while specific fuel consumption was lowest. Emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons decreased as the compression ratio increased from 6 to 9. The maximum improvement in brake thermal efficiency was approximately 10% when increasing the ratio from 6 to 9.
Effect of Inlet Air Preheating on Exhaust Gases in Single Cylinder I.C EngineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of preheating inlet air on exhaust gas emissions and fuel consumption in a single cylinder internal combustion engine. The study used a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the engine exhaust gases to preheat the inlet air supplied to the engine. Results showed that preheating the inlet air led to reductions in carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxide emissions from the engine. Carbon dioxide emissions remained unchanged with inlet air preheating. Fuel consumption time, or engine efficiency, increased with higher inlet air temperatures due to preheating.
The document discusses the effect of turbocharging on the volumetric efficiency of an insulated direct injection diesel engine fueled with alcohol. Volumetric efficiency drops in insulated engines due to higher combustion chamber temperatures. To compensate for this, the engine was turbocharged to raise intake boost pressure. Testing showed that a boost pressure of 790 mmHg optimized volumetric efficiency and improved brake thermal efficiency by up to 4.3% over the insulated engine alone. Turbocharging also reduced ignition delay, exhaust smoke, and increased peak pressure while only marginally raising exhaust temperatures. The results indicate turbocharging can improve performance of insulated alcohol-fueled diesel engines.
Effect of spiral grooves in piston bowl on exhaust emissions of direct inject...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on the effects of spiral grooves in the piston bowl on exhaust emissions from a direct injection diesel engine. Three spiral grooves were cut into the inner surface of the piston bowl, slightly increasing the bowl diameter. Testing found this modified piston reduced NOx emissions by 8.82% and fuel consumption by 0.1 kg/hour compared to the standard piston at full engine load. Carbon monoxide was also reduced by 7.7%, while exhaust gas temperature decreased by 4.8 degrees Celsius. The spiral grooves enhanced swirling flow in the combustion chamber for better air-fuel mixing, lowering emissions while maintaining brake thermal efficiency.
This document summarizes an experiment that analyzed the effects of different fuel injection timings on various engine parameters in a multicylinder diesel engine. Five mode tests were conducted at injection timings of 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 degrees before top dead center. Parameters like fuel consumption, NOx emissions, exhaust temperature, air flow, and torque were measured across different engine loads. Graphs of these parameters were plotted against load for each injection timing. The results showed the influence of injection timing on air-fuel ratio, specific fuel consumption, fueling rate, and other indicators.
Genset Engine Development to Meet Current Emission Norms" (Conversion from CP...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document summarizes an experimental analysis of low-temperature combustion of biodiesel and diesel fuel mixtures in a compression ignition engine. The study aims to reduce NOx and soot emissions. Biodiesel-diesel mixtures were combusted in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode using high swirl ratio and exhaust gas recirculation. The results show that HCCI combustion with late injection reduced NOx and soot emissions compared to conventional diesel combustion. Increasing the biodiesel percentage in the fuel mixture further reduced soot emissions while only slightly increasing NOx emissions.
Theoritical investigations of injection pressure in a four stroke di diesel e...IAEME Publication
This document discusses theoretical investigations of injection pressure in a four-stroke diesel engine using alcohol as fuel. A computer program was developed to simulate the engine's performance with diesel and at different alcohol injection pressures ranging from 180 to 160 bar. The results showed that an injection pressure of 165 bar for alcohol produced higher brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency that were closest to diesel fuel. It was concluded that alcohol can be used in diesel engines with an injection pressure of 165 bar as it allows an optimum amount of alcohol to be injected while compensating for alcohol's low viscosity.
This document summarizes a simulation study of gasoline HCCI combustion with direct injection. It investigated the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and air-fuel ratio on combustion characteristics, pressures, and emissions using two combustion models. Increasing EGR decreased peak pressures and temperatures as well as NOx emissions exponentially, but also increased soot and delayed ignition timing. Lower air-fuel ratios below stoichiometric improved emissions when combined with EGR.
Optimization of Operating Parameters on a Diesel Engine using Grey Relational...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experiment to optimize the operating parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine using Grey Relational Analysis. The performance and emissions of the engine were tested at various loads, fuel injection timings, and fuel injection pressures. Grey Relational Analysis and ANOVA were used to determine the optimal combination of operating parameters. The results showed that the optimal parameter combination was 18A load, 250 degrees bTDC injection timing, and 24 N/mm2 injection pressure. ANOVA analysis found that fuel injection pressure was the most significant factor, contributing 47% to the results.
The document summarizes an experimental study on the combustion performance and tailpipe emissions of a diesel engine run on blends of palm methyl ester (biodiesel), diesel, and ethanol. Six test fuels were evaluated: pure diesel, pure palm methyl ester, 95% palm methyl ester + 5% ethanol, 80% diesel + 15% palm methyl ester + 5% ethanol, 95% diesel + 5% ethanol, and 80% palm methyl ester + 15% diesel + 5% ethanol. The engine was run at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and compression ratio of 18.5. Results for brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emissions of CO, CO2, HC, NO, and
Combined numerical experimental study of dual fuel diesel engine to discuss t...Shans Shakkeer
It is my m.tech seminar presentation,on the basis of a study carried out by Carmelina Abagnale a, Maria Cristina Cameretti a,Luigi De Simio b, Michele Gambino b, Sabatino Iannaccone b, Raffaele Tuccillo ( Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy b Istituto Motori, C.N.R., Napoli, Italy ) were presented in 68th Conference of the Italian Thermal Machines Engineering Association, ATI2013, and Published by Elsevier ltd. in 2013
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF TWO STROKE SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown] and compared with
conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine Copper coated engine (CCE) with methanol blended
gasoline considerably improved the performance in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. CCE with methanol blended gasoline increased the brake thermal efficiency, decreased the exhaust gas temperature and
increased the volumetric efficiency.
Studies on exhaust emissions of ceramic coated di diesel engine fuelled with ...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine with a ceramic coated cylinder head fueled with cotton seed biodiesel. The study investigated exhaust emissions under different operating conditions, including normal and pre-heated biodiesel temperatures, varied injector opening pressures and injection timings. Particulate and NOx emissions were evaluated at different brake mean effective pressures and compared to a conventional engine fueled with biodiesel and mineral diesel under similar operating conditions. The results showed that particulate emissions decreased while NOx levels increased for the engine with the low-heat rejection combustion chamber compared to the conventional engine when fueled with biodiesel.
This document investigates the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) while adopting different air filters on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine running with various air filters (AFM1-AFM4) at different EGR levels of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency and emissions such as CO, CO2, NOx, UBHC, O2, and smoke were measured and the results are presented and discussed. The findings show that brake thermal efficiency decreased with increasing EGR levels for all air filters. EGR is found to be effective in reducing NOx emissions but increases CO and UHC emissions.
Parametric Optimization of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine for Pyrolysis Oil an...IOSR Journals
Abstract: An experimental study has been carried out for pyrolysis oil blended with diesel used in single
cylinder diesel engine. Pyrolysis oil is obtained from tire waste by pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis process is a
thermo-chemical decomposition of organic matter in absence of oxygen. Blending of pyrolysis oil with diesel in
maximum possible proportion helps to reduce the consumption of diesel fuel. In this study, the effects of
parameters i.e. injection timing, injection pressure, compression ratio, and load are taken as variable for
optimization. As the experiment required simultaneously optimization of four parameters with five levels,
taguchi method of optimization is used in this experiment. The results of the taguchi experiment identifies that
220 injection timing, injection pressure 200 bar, compression ratio 16 and engine load 20kg are optimum
parameter setting for lowest break specific fuel consumption. Engine performance is mostly influenced by
engine load and is least influenced by Compression ratio.
Keyword: Pyrolysis oil, SFC, Taguchi Analysis, CI engine, Diesel
Analysis of turbocharger performance for jet assisted vertical takeoff and la...Ijrdt Journal
This paper gives a brief analysis on the performance parameters of a Turbocharger, by fabricating a separate combustion chamber and mocking the working of a jet engine. Parameters such as variation of specific heat, dimensionless flow parameters, variation of turbulence, conductivity, thrust developed etc are studied using simulation of the model, and compared with the actual working of the prototype. It can be conveniently proposed from the experiment that turbocharger can be used effectively for developing vertical take-off assist.
1. The document describes an experimental study to optimize the process parameters of a two-stroke spark ignition engine using a variable carburetor system.
2. Simplex optimization method was used to determine the optimal air-fuel ratio, air volume, and fuel mass to improve engine performance.
3. The results show that after optimization, the engine achieved higher air-fuel ratio, air mass, and thermal efficiency, with lower fuel consumption compared to the existing carburetor system. The variable carburetor system enhanced engine performance.
A Study on Engine Performance and Emission Reduction by Ethanol Addition in C...inventionjournals
Using alcohol fuels instead of fossil fuels is encouraging for alternative fuels. However, the use of compression ignition engines has been limited by its low viscosity and cetane number. In this study, fumigation combustion was performed using a dual fuel supply system that supplies diesel fuel through a compression ignition engine and ethanol through a carburetor. As the ethanol feed rate increased compared to pure diesel fuel, Torque, BMEP and BHP were slightly decreased. As the latent heat of vaporization of ethanol is higher than that of diesel and oxygen is sucked due to the role of ethanol as an oxygenate, the generation of CO, HC, and Smoke is less as the ethanol mixture increases compared with the operation of diesel fuel . Ethanol fuel has the effect of lowering the combustion temperature because it has larger latent heat of vaporization than diesel fuel. Therefore, it was found that the effect of reducing NOx is great.
The document presents research on the experimental analysis of performance of a spark ignition engine with variable compression ratios between 6-9. The results show that brake thermal efficiency and brake mean effective pressure were highest at a compression ratio of 9, while specific fuel consumption was lowest. Emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons decreased as the compression ratio increased from 6 to 9. The maximum improvement in brake thermal efficiency was approximately 10% when increasing the ratio from 6 to 9.
Effect of Inlet Air Preheating on Exhaust Gases in Single Cylinder I.C EngineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of preheating inlet air on exhaust gas emissions and fuel consumption in a single cylinder internal combustion engine. The study used a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the engine exhaust gases to preheat the inlet air supplied to the engine. Results showed that preheating the inlet air led to reductions in carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxide emissions from the engine. Carbon dioxide emissions remained unchanged with inlet air preheating. Fuel consumption time, or engine efficiency, increased with higher inlet air temperatures due to preheating.
The document discusses the effect of turbocharging on the volumetric efficiency of an insulated direct injection diesel engine fueled with alcohol. Volumetric efficiency drops in insulated engines due to higher combustion chamber temperatures. To compensate for this, the engine was turbocharged to raise intake boost pressure. Testing showed that a boost pressure of 790 mmHg optimized volumetric efficiency and improved brake thermal efficiency by up to 4.3% over the insulated engine alone. Turbocharging also reduced ignition delay, exhaust smoke, and increased peak pressure while only marginally raising exhaust temperatures. The results indicate turbocharging can improve performance of insulated alcohol-fueled diesel engines.
Effect of spiral grooves in piston bowl on exhaust emissions of direct inject...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on the effects of spiral grooves in the piston bowl on exhaust emissions from a direct injection diesel engine. Three spiral grooves were cut into the inner surface of the piston bowl, slightly increasing the bowl diameter. Testing found this modified piston reduced NOx emissions by 8.82% and fuel consumption by 0.1 kg/hour compared to the standard piston at full engine load. Carbon monoxide was also reduced by 7.7%, while exhaust gas temperature decreased by 4.8 degrees Celsius. The spiral grooves enhanced swirling flow in the combustion chamber for better air-fuel mixing, lowering emissions while maintaining brake thermal efficiency.
This document summarizes an experiment that analyzed the effects of different fuel injection timings on various engine parameters in a multicylinder diesel engine. Five mode tests were conducted at injection timings of 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 degrees before top dead center. Parameters like fuel consumption, NOx emissions, exhaust temperature, air flow, and torque were measured across different engine loads. Graphs of these parameters were plotted against load for each injection timing. The results showed the influence of injection timing on air-fuel ratio, specific fuel consumption, fueling rate, and other indicators.
Genset Engine Development to Meet Current Emission Norms" (Conversion from CP...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document summarizes an experimental analysis of low-temperature combustion of biodiesel and diesel fuel mixtures in a compression ignition engine. The study aims to reduce NOx and soot emissions. Biodiesel-diesel mixtures were combusted in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode using high swirl ratio and exhaust gas recirculation. The results show that HCCI combustion with late injection reduced NOx and soot emissions compared to conventional diesel combustion. Increasing the biodiesel percentage in the fuel mixture further reduced soot emissions while only slightly increasing NOx emissions.
Theoritical investigations of injection pressure in a four stroke di diesel e...IAEME Publication
This document discusses theoretical investigations of injection pressure in a four-stroke diesel engine using alcohol as fuel. A computer program was developed to simulate the engine's performance with diesel and at different alcohol injection pressures ranging from 180 to 160 bar. The results showed that an injection pressure of 165 bar for alcohol produced higher brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency that were closest to diesel fuel. It was concluded that alcohol can be used in diesel engines with an injection pressure of 165 bar as it allows an optimum amount of alcohol to be injected while compensating for alcohol's low viscosity.
This document summarizes a simulation study of gasoline HCCI combustion with direct injection. It investigated the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and air-fuel ratio on combustion characteristics, pressures, and emissions using two combustion models. Increasing EGR decreased peak pressures and temperatures as well as NOx emissions exponentially, but also increased soot and delayed ignition timing. Lower air-fuel ratios below stoichiometric improved emissions when combined with EGR.
Optimization of Operating Parameters on a Diesel Engine using Grey Relational...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experiment to optimize the operating parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine using Grey Relational Analysis. The performance and emissions of the engine were tested at various loads, fuel injection timings, and fuel injection pressures. Grey Relational Analysis and ANOVA were used to determine the optimal combination of operating parameters. The results showed that the optimal parameter combination was 18A load, 250 degrees bTDC injection timing, and 24 N/mm2 injection pressure. ANOVA analysis found that fuel injection pressure was the most significant factor, contributing 47% to the results.
The document summarizes an experimental study on the combustion performance and tailpipe emissions of a diesel engine run on blends of palm methyl ester (biodiesel), diesel, and ethanol. Six test fuels were evaluated: pure diesel, pure palm methyl ester, 95% palm methyl ester + 5% ethanol, 80% diesel + 15% palm methyl ester + 5% ethanol, 95% diesel + 5% ethanol, and 80% palm methyl ester + 15% diesel + 5% ethanol. The engine was run at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and compression ratio of 18.5. Results for brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emissions of CO, CO2, HC, NO, and
Combined numerical experimental study of dual fuel diesel engine to discuss t...Shans Shakkeer
It is my m.tech seminar presentation,on the basis of a study carried out by Carmelina Abagnale a, Maria Cristina Cameretti a,Luigi De Simio b, Michele Gambino b, Sabatino Iannaccone b, Raffaele Tuccillo ( Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy b Istituto Motori, C.N.R., Napoli, Italy ) were presented in 68th Conference of the Italian Thermal Machines Engineering Association, ATI2013, and Published by Elsevier ltd. in 2013
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Este documento describe la estructura ideal de un Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje (EVA) según la Metodología PACIE, específicamente el Bloque de Cierre. Explica que el Bloque de Cierre permite a los estudiantes negociar actividades pendientes, expresar desacuerdos con evaluaciones y recibir retroalimentación, y permite a los tutores obtener opinión de los estudiantes para mejorar. El Bloque de Cierre contiene una Sección de Negociación para culminar el proceso de aprendizaje y una Sección
Este documento descreve a obra "Tamara no Bugatti Verde" da artista Tamara de Lempicka. Detalha sua biografia desde o nascimento em 1898 até a morte em 1980, incluindo sua paixão pela arte e estilo único de pintura. A análise da obra descreve Tamara sentada confiante dentro de um carro verde, usando roupas escuras e luvas, transmitindo sua relação com o automóvel.
La empresa ABC DATOS envió documentos a varios empleados solicitando confirmación de su información personal y laboral, incluyendo nombre, apellido, estado civil, dirección, cargo, número de hijos, teléfonos, números de seguro social y militar. La gerencia necesita que la información sea verificada.
El violinista Niccolò Paganini dio un concierto donde tres cuerdas de su violín se rompieron durante la presentación. A pesar de esto, Paganini continuó tocando e impresionó a la audiencia con su habilidad para sacar sonidos del violín aun cuando este tenía problemas. Su perseverancia a pesar de las dificultades lo convirtió en un símbolo de profesionalismo.
Omid: Lock-free Transactional Support for Distributed Data StoresMaysam Yabandeh
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
El documento describe los pasos para exportar datos de una matriz en SPSS Statistics 22 a Microsoft Excel 2003, incluyendo la creación de una vista de datos en SPSS, guardar la vista de datos en el escritorio, guardar la vista de datos como un archivo Excel 2003 en el escritorio, abrir el archivo Excel desde el escritorio e insertar los datos de SPSS en las hojas 1 y 2.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Making meditation a part of a daily routine, even if just 10-15 minutes per day, can offer significant health benefits over time such as improved focus, better sleep, and a more positive outlook.
Este documento describe varios conceptos clave relacionados con la alfabetización digital e Internet. Explica el concepto de banda ancha y tasas de transferencia de datos, los modelos cliente-servidor y P2P, los tipos de comunicación entre procesos, y describe elementos como la World Wide Web, la computación en la nube, el almacenamiento en la red, el software portable, las direcciones electrónicas y más.
Este documento presenta conceptos clave de la administración como planeación, organización, integración personal, dirección y control. Describe que la planeación consiste en proyectar el futuro de una organización estableciendo objetivos y acciones. La organización implica establecer roles para cumplir metas. La integración personal se refiere a llenar puestos en la estructura organizacional. La dirección influye sobre las personas para lograr metas. El control mide y corrige el desempeño para asegurar el cumplimiento de objetivos.
Women's economic empowerment is important for reducing poverty and inequality. When women have more control over finances and assets, it leads to greater investments in children's health and education. Empowering women economically also allows them to have increased autonomy and participation in household and community decision making.
Internet es una red mundial de redes interconectadas que permite el intercambio de información entre ordenadores. Está formada por ordenadores, routers y servidores conectados a través de cables, fibra óptica y otras tecnologías. Divide la información en paquetes con direcciones IP de origen y destino para su envío, almacenando los datos de los usuarios en servidores distribuidos en la nube a nivel mundial.
Este documento resume los cuatro acuerdos propuestos en el libro Los cuatro acuerdos. El primer acuerdo es ser impecable con tus palabras. El segundo es no tomarte nada personalmente. El tercero es no hacer suposiciones. Y el cuarto y último acuerdo es hacer siempre tu máximo esfuerzo.
El documento presenta extractos de la Ley Orgánica de Educación de Ecuador. Se destacan los derechos de los estudiantes según el Artículo 7, incluyendo el derecho a ser tratados con dignidad y respeto, y a participar en la evaluación de su proceso educativo. También se mencionan las obligaciones de los estudiantes de acuerdo con el Artículo 8, como asistir regularmente a clases y participar en la mejora de las instalaciones educativas. El Artículo 9 resalta la importancia de estimular la participación ciudadana de los
Este documento presenta varios casos de figuras públicas que desafiaron o se burlaron de Dios y luego enfrentaron consecuencias desafortunadas, como la muerte. Incluye ejemplos como John Lennon, quien fue asesinado después de decir que The Beatles eran más populares que Jesús; y el Titanic, cuyo constructor dijo que ni Dios podría hundir el barco antes de que se hundiera. El propósito parece ser advertir sobre las posibles consecuencias de desafiar o burlarse de lo divino.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Studies have shown that meditating for just 10-20 minutes per day can have significant positive impacts on both mental and physical health over time.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document discusses the influence of injection timing on the performance of a dual fuel compression ignition engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Key findings from experiments conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine retrofitted to run on diesel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) include: 1) Brake thermal efficiency is highest at an intermediate LPG flow rate of 0.5kg/hr due to better combustion; 2) EGR reduces brake thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature by lowering combustion temperatures; 3) NOx emissions decrease with increased EGR as EGR lowers peak combustion temperatures. Smoke and hydrocarbon emissions increase with EGR due to reduced oxygen.
Combine Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and Varying Inlet Air Press...IOSR Journals
Abstract: To meet stringent vehicular exhaust emission norms worldwide, several exhaust pre-treatment and
post treatment techniques have been employed in modern engines. Also concern of environmental pollution and
energy crisis all over the world have caused the research attention on reduction of diesel engine exhaust
emissions and saving of energy simultaneously. This investigation mainly focuses on reducing exhaust emission
and energy saving by investigating diesel combustion with neat diesel fuel and a new attachment of pressurized
inlet air with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system. Experiment was conducted in a four stroke direct
injection water cooled constant speed diesel engine with pressurize inlet air attachment and EGR system, which
is typically used in agricultural farm machinery. EGR was applied to the experimental engine separately and
also with varying pressure of inlet air. In this study, compressor was used to pressurize the inlet air. The
experiments were carried out to experimentally evaluate the performance and emissions for combine effect
different EGR rates and varying inlet air pressure of the engine. Emissions of hydrocarbon (HC), NOx, carbon
monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature of the exhaust gas were measured. Performance
parameters such as Brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were calculated. It was
found that combined effect of pressurize inlet air attachment and EGR system provided better result on engine
performance than individual EGR effect. Reductions in NOx and exhaust gas temperature were observed but
emissions of HC, CO and CO2 were found to have increased with combine usage of EGR and inlet air pressure.
Thus the modified engine provides more NOx reduction and better fuel economy without reducing useful
characteristics (brake power, brake thermal efficiency etc) of the engine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
To Study the Performance of Oxygen Enriched Diesel Engine by Varying Compress...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the performance of a diesel engine with oxygen-enriched intake air at different compression ratios. The study used a single cylinder variable compression ratio diesel engine with an eddy current dynamometer. Tests were conducted at two compression ratios (16.5 and 17.5) and two oxygen intake levels (1 L/min and 2 L/min). Results showed that brake specific fuel consumption decreased with higher oxygen intake and compression ratio. Brake power and exhaust gas temperature increased with higher oxygen intake and compression ratio. Optimum performance was achieved between 70-80% load with a compression ratio of 16.5-17.5 when oxygen intake was increased.
This document provides an overview of exhaust gas recirculation systems. It discusses how nitrogen oxides (NOx) form in diesel engines due to high combustion temperatures. Exhaust gas recirculation reduces NOx by diluting the oxygen in incoming air with inert exhaust gases, lowering in-cylinder temperatures. The basic components of an EGR system include an EGR valve, cooler, and transfer pipe to recirculate a portion of exhaust back to the intake manifold. By reducing oxygen levels and peak combustion temperatures, EGR decreases NOx emissions while improving engine efficiency and life. However, EGR can also reduce power output if oxygen levels are decreased too much.
This document describes the design, development, and analysis of an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system for a compressed natural gas (CNG) fueled spark ignition engine. The EGR system was tested on a 3-cylinder gasoline engine at different EGR percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%). EGR reduced oxides of nitrogen emissions by 45-90% but increased carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbon emissions. CNG with EGR produced lower emissions than gasoline with EGR. The EGR system improved engine performance and reduced fuel consumption, making it an efficient and eco-friendly technology for controlling emissions.
The document summarizes a student project on implementing exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in two-wheeler engines to reduce NOx emissions. It provides background on NOx formation and how EGR works to lower combustion temperatures and oxygen concentration to reduce NOx. The project describes the components of an EGR system, including a gate valve, carbon filter and 2D drawing. Experimental results show relationships between EGR rate, oxygen concentration and reductions in NOx and HC emissions. Technical issues involving combustion contamination, control system stability and materials durability are also discussed. The conclusion is that EGR is an effective and reliable method to control emissions while maintaining fuel efficiency.
This document summarizes a study assessing the effects of different engine operation and diesel injection parameters on combustion efficiency in a heavy-duty dual-fuel hydrogen-diesel engine at low-load conditions. The study aims to reduce unburned hydrogen emissions and improve combustion efficiency by implementing exhaust gas recirculation and different diesel injection strategies. Statistical methods were used to analyze the results and reduce experimental time. The results showed that higher exhaust gas recirculation rates increased intake charge temperature and improved hydrogen combustion and fuel economy. Operation with high exhaust gas recirculation and slightly advanced main diesel injection delivered benefits to emissions and brake thermal efficiency, but combustion efficiency remained around 90% for most cases tested.
Biogas –diesel dual fuel engine exhaust gas emissionsIAEME Publication
This document describes a study examining the exhaust gas emissions of a biogas-diesel dual fuel engine. A computer program was developed to simulate the mole fractions of exhaust constituents for varying biogas-diesel mixtures, equivalence ratios, temperatures, and pressures. The simulation results show that as the percentage of carbon dioxide in the biogas increases, the mole fractions of CO2 and H2O in the exhaust generally increase, while the mole fractions of NO, O2, OH, CO and N2 generally decrease. Experimental data was also collected and showed similar trends as the simulation results. The goal of the study was to analyze biogas-diesel engine exhaust pollutants and determine optimal biogas mixtures and operating conditions for reduced
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS ON DI-DIESEL ENGINE RUNS WITH THE COMBINATION OF BLENDE...IAEME Publication
An experimental Study is carried out to study the performance and emission on direct injection, diesel engine run with Bio diesel (PaME), Diesel and ethanol blended fuel taking
conventional Diesel as base line. The test fuels (six) are pure Diesel, pure PaME, (95% PaME + 5%
ethanol in vol.), (80% Diesel+15% PaME+5% ethanol in vol.), (95% Diesel + 5% ethanol in vol.),and (80% PaME +15% Diesel +5% ethanol in vol.) respectively.
This document reviews exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) techniques for diesel engines. It discusses how EGR lowers NOx emissions by reducing flame temperature but also increases particulate matter. The document outlines various ways to implement EGR on diesel engines, including low-pressure loops, high-pressure loops using a variable geometry turbine. It also discusses simulating EGR effects in the lab by adding gases like carbon dioxide or oxygen to recreate EGR characteristics without using actual exhaust gases.
Theoritical investigations of injection pressure in a four stroke di diesel e...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a theoretical investigation of injection pressure in a four-stroke diesel engine using alcohol as a fuel. The study aims to determine an injection pressure for alcohol that provides performance close to diesel fuel. A computer program is used to model engine performance with diesel and varying injection pressures of alcohol. Theoretical results found that an injection pressure of 165 bars for alcohol yielded higher brake thermal efficiency similar to diesel fuel. This pressure is selected for further experimental validation.
The Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Exhaust Emissionscharan samanchi
This study investigated the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on emissions and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine running on biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) and diesel. Biodiesel was produced through alkali-catalyzed transesterification of WCO. The engine was tested with biodiesel-diesel blends (B20, B40, B80, B100) with and without 30% EGR. EGR effectively reduced NOx emissions for all fuels by lowering combustion temperatures but increased hydrocarbon, smoke and CO emissions due to reduced oxygen. B20 generally had the lowest emissions. While EGR increased fuel consumption, it was very effective at reducing NOx to
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOGAS –PETROL DUAL FUEL IN SI EN...IAEME Publication
Towards the effort of reducing the dependency on petroleum fuel, one of the solutions is to use gaseous fuel as a partial supplement of liquid petrol fuel. In this experiment, four cylinder SI engine was tested with petrol as a fuel and petrol with partial substitution of biogas as fuel. Different percentages of biogas substitution in petrol were tested like B10 (90% Petrol +10% biogas), B20(80% Petrol +20% Biogas), B40(60%Petrol +40% Biogas). Test was conducted to study and compare the performance, emission and combustion characteristic of the engine for both the modes of engine operation. Biogas production was carried out using kitchen waste as a feedstock. Results clearly revealed that performance of the engine improved with the increases in amount of the gas substitution. Bsfc and brake thermal efficiency were found to improve. However emissions increased with the increases in the amount of gas substitution.
INFLUENCE OF INJECTOR OPENING PRESSURE ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS IN DI DIESEL ENGI...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to study exhaust emissions of direct injection (DI) diesel engine with different levels of low heat rejection (LHR) combustion chamber such as i) ceramic coated cylinder head, ii) air gap insulated piston and air gap insulated liner and iii) ceramic coated cylinder head along with air gap insulation with pure diesel operation with varied injector opening pressure.Exhaust emissions of particulate emissions and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were determined at various
values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of the engine. Particulate emissions were measured by AVL Smoke meter, while NOx by Netel Chromatograph NOx analyzer
This document summarizes a study on the influence of injector opening pressure on exhaust emissions in a direct injection diesel engine with three levels of insulation operated on diesel fuel. Experiments were conducted with a conventional engine and engines featuring ceramic coated cylinder heads, air gap insulated pistons and liners, and a combination of the two insulation techniques. Exhaust emissions of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides were measured at varying brake mean effective pressures and injector opening pressures. The insulated combustion chambers showed higher nitrogen oxide emissions than the conventional engine, while particulate emissions were comparable. Increasing the injector opening pressure reduced exhaust emissions for all engine configurations.
- The document discusses exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems, which aim to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from diesel engines. EGR works by recirculating a portion of exhaust gas back into the engine cylinders.
- EGR reduces NOx formation by increasing ignition delay, heat capacity, and diluting the combustion mixture. It has been shown to help engines meet strict EPA emissions requirements.
- EGR systems can be classified based on operating conditions, temperature, and pressure. The document focuses on how EGR lowers NOx by changing combustion chamber temperatures and chemistry.
This document experimentally investigates the performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a conventional diesel engine and a low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine fueled with diesel and biodiesel (made from jatropha oil). Biodiesel was tested in both the conventional engine and an engine modified with a 0.5mm ceramic thermal barrier coating. Testing was conducted under identical operating conditions. Results showed the LHR engine had higher efficiency and cylinder pressures but also higher NOx emissions compared to the conventional engine. When fueled with biodiesel, the LHR engine performed similarly to when fueled with diesel, though brake thermal efficiency was marginally lower and NOx emissions were higher for biodiesel due to increased in
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Introducing Milvus Lite: Easy-to-Install, Easy-to-Use vector database for you...Zilliz
Join us to introduce Milvus Lite, a vector database that can run on notebooks and laptops, share the same API with Milvus, and integrate with every popular GenAI framework. This webinar is perfect for developers seeking easy-to-use, well-integrated vector databases for their GenAI apps.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Large Language Model (LLM) and it’s Geospatial Applications
Ha3412871297
1. Vipul Jain, Dipesh Singh Parihar, Vaibhav Jain and Irfan H Mulla / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1287-1297
1287 | P a g e
Performance of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System on
Diesel Engine
Vipul Jain1
, Dipesh Singh Parihar2
, Vaibhav Jain3
and Irfan H Mulla4
1
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology and Science,
Gram Baroli, Sanwer Road. Indore, 453331 (M.P) India
2,4
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Gujarat Technological University, Engineering
College, Tuwa Godhra – 389001, (GJ) India.
3
Assistant Professor, Industrial and Production Engineering Department, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology &
Science, 23 Park Road, Indore, 452003 (M.P.) India
Abstract
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System
means to use the Exhaust Gas coming from
Exhaust Manifold to Inlet Manifold in order to
reduce the Emission of NOX, which is particularly
very harmful. Engine without EGR are more
pollutant & uses more atmospherically air for
combustion. By Implementation of EGR system in
Engine, the Partial Exhaust Gas is re-circulated
again in Engine. It is first cooled in EGR Cooler &
then it is mixed with atmospheric air & then passed
to Combustion Chamber. Fresh atmospheric air
required is reduced & automatically pollutant (CO,
CO2, HC, NOX etc.) is reduced. The aim of this
work is to review the potential of exhaust gas
recirculation (EGR) to reduce the exhaust
emissions, particularly NOX emissions, and to
delimit the application range of this technique. The
purpose of project is to plot the graph between
Brake power (B.P.) Vs. NOX, B.P. Vs. CO2, B.P. Vs
CO with & without implementation of EGR. The
Major Task of the proposed work includes
Calculation of NOX content in I.C. Engine with or
without the Implementation of EGR System. The
system is very much Eco Friendly. Using Exhaust
Gas Recirculation (EGR) Technique in engines, the
emissions are very much controlled. This method is
very reliable in terms of fuel consumption
Keywords: Exhaust Gas Recirculation, NOX
emissions, AVL Gas Analyze, Infrared Thermometer
I. Introduction
The Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
system is designed to reduce the amount of Oxides of
Nitrogen (NOX) created by the engine during
operating periods that usually result in high
combustion temperature. NOX is formed in high
concentrations whenever combustion temperature
exceeds about 2500ºF.
The EGR system reduces NOX production
by re-circulating small amounts of exhaust gases into
the intake manifold where it mixes with the incoming
air/fuel charge. By diluting the air/fuel mixture under
these conditions, peak temperature and pressure are
reduced, resulting in an overall reduction of NOX
output. Generally speaking EGR flow should match
following operating conditions:
High EGR flow is necessary during cruising and
mid range acceleration, when combustion
temperature is typically very high.
Low EGR flow is needed during low speed and
light load condition
No EGR flow should occur during conditions
when EGR operation could adversely affect
engine operating efficiency or vehicle drive
ability (engine warm up, idle, wide open throttle,
etc.)
EGR is an effective method for NOX
control. The exhaust gases mainly consist of inert
carbon dioxide, nitrogen and possess high specific
heat. When recirculated to engine inlet, it can reduce
oxygen concentration and act as a heat sink. This
process reduces oxygen concentration and peak
combustion temperature, which results in reduced
NOX. EGR is one of the most effective techniques
currently available for reducing NOX emissions in
internal combustion engines. However, the
application of EGR also incurs penalties. It can
significantly increase smoke, fuel consumption and
reduce thermal efficiency unless suitably optimized.
The higher NOX emission can be effectively
controlled by employing EGR.
II. Literature Review
In internal combustion (IC) engines, exhaust
gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide (NOX)
emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline
and diesel engines. EGR works by re circulating a
portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine
cylinders.
N.k. Miller jothi et al., [1] studied the effect of
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on homogeneous
charge ignition engine. A stationary four stroke,
single cylinder, direct injection (DI) diesel engine
capable of developing 3.7 kW at 1500 rpm was
modified to operate in Homogeneous Charge
Compression Ignition (HCCI) mode. In the present
work the diesel engine was operated on 100%
Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG).
2. Vipul Jain, Dipesh Singh Parihar, Vaibhav Jain and Irfan H Mulla / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1287-1297
1288 | P a g e
The LPG has a low cetane number (<3),
therefore Diethyl ether (DEE) was added to the LPG
for ignition purpose. DEE is an excellent ignition
enhancer (cetane number >125) and has a low auto
ignition temperature (160 ◦C). Experimental results
showed that by EGR technique, at part loads the
brake thermal efficiency increases by about 2.5% and
at full load, NO concentration could be considerably
reduced to about 68% as compared to LPG operation
without EGR. However, higher EGR percentage
affects the combustion rate and significant reduction
in peak pressure at maximum load.
Table 1.1 Technical Specifications of the Engine
Parameter Specification
Bore × Stroke 80mm x 110mm
Displacement volume 553 cm3
Compression ratio 16.5:1
Type of cooling Water cooled
Rated power 3.7KW @ 1500rpm
Fig.1.1 Schematic View of the EGR Setup.
Deepak Agarwal et al., [2,3] investigate the effect of
EGR on soot deposits, and wear of vital engine parts,
especially piston rings, apart from performance and
emissions in a two cylinder, air cooled, constant
speed direct injection diesel engine, which is
typically used in agricultural farm machinery and
decentralized captive power generation. Such engines
are normally not operated with EGR. The
experiments were carried out to experimentally
evaluate the performance and emissions for different
EGR rates of the engine. Emissions of hydrocarbons
(HC), NOX, carbon monoxide (CO), exhaust gas
temperature, and smoke capacity of the exhaust gas
etc. were measured. Performance parameters such as
thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption
(BSFC) were calculated. Reductions in NOX and
exhaust gas temperature were observed but emissions
of particulate matter (PM), HC and CO were found to
have increased with usage of EGR. The engine was
operated for 96 hr in normal running conditions and
the deposits on vital engine parts were assessed. The
engine was again operated for 96 h with EGR and
similar observations were recorded.
Higher carbon deposits were observed on the engine
parts operating with EGR. Higher wear of piston
rings was also observed for engine operated with
EGR.
Table 1.2 Technical Specifications of the Engine
Engine type Two cylinder, direct
injection
Bore / stroke 87.3 / 110mm
Rated power 9 KW
Rated speed 1500 rpm
Compression ratio 16:5:1
Total displacement volume 13181
Fuel injection release pr. 210 bar
Inlet valve open/inlet valve
close
45 BTDC/ 35.5
ATDC
Exhaust valve opens/
exhaust valve closes
35.5 BBDC/ 45
ATDC
Fig.1.2 Schematic Diagram of Engine Setup using
EGR.
H.E.Saleh [4] studied Jojoba methyl ester (JME) has
been used as a renewable fuel in numerous studies
evaluating its potential use in diesel engines. These
studies showed that this fuel is good gas oil substitute
but an increase in the nitrogenous oxides emissions
was observed at all operating conditions. The aim of
this study mainly was to quantify the efficiency of
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) when using JME
fuel in a fully instrumented, two-cylinder, naturally
aspirated, four-stroke direct injection diesel engine.
The tests were carried out in three sections.
Firstly, the measured performance and exhaust
emissions of the diesel engine operating with diesel
fuel and JME at various speeds under full load are
determined and compared.
Secondly, tests were performed at constant speed
with two loads to investigate the EGR effect on
engine performance and exhaust emissions including
nitrogenous oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO),
unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and exhaust gas
temperatures. Thirdly, the effect of cooled EGR with
high ratio at full load on engine performance and
emissions was examined.
The results showed that EGR is an effective
technique for reducing NOX emissions with JME fuel
3. Vipul Jain, Dipesh Singh Parihar, Vaibhav Jain and Irfan H Mulla / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1287-1297
1289 | P a g e
especially in light-duty diesel engines. With the
application of the EGR method, the CO and HC
concentration in the engine out emissions increased.
For all operating conditions, a better trade-off
between HC, CO and NOX emissions can be attained
within a limited EGR rate of 5–15% with very little
economy penalty.
III. Experimental Setup & Methodology
Table 1.3 Engine Specifications
Engine Type Single Cylinder, Naturally
Aspirated Air Cooled
Displacement 436.00 CC
Maximum Power 5.53 KW
Maximum RPM 3600 RPM
Fuel Type Diesel
Fig.1.3 Schematic of the Experimental Test Rig
N. Saravanan et al., [5] used hydrogen-enriched air
as intake charge in a diesel engine adopting exhaust
gas recirculation (EGR) technique with hydrogen
flow rate at 20 l/min. Experiments are conducted in a
single cylinder, four stroke, water-cooled, direct-
injection diesel engine coupled to an electrical
generator. Performance parameters such as specific
energy consumption, brake thermal efficiency are
determined and emissions such as oxides of nitrogen,
hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, particulate matter,
smoke and exhaust gas temperature are measured.
Usage of hydrogen in dual fuel mode with EGR
technique results in lowered smoke level, particulate
and NOX emissions.
Table 1.4 Technical Specifications of the Test Engine
Parameter Specification
Bore 80 mm
Stroke 110 mm
Swept volume 553 cm3
Clearance volume 36.87 cm3
Compression ratio 16.5:1
Rated output 3.7KW at 1500 rpm
Rated speed 1500 rpm
Injection pressure 240 bar
IV. Development of EGR System
Increased demands are being placed on
engine manufacturers to design and build engines that
provide better engine performance, improved
reliability and greater durability while meeting more
stringent emission and noise requirements. One
important object for internal combustion engine
designers is to reduce NOX emissions, while
minimizing any negative impact on engine fuel
economy and durability. An internal combustion
engine having an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
system reduces NOX emissions while substantially
maintaining fuel economy and durability. In many
systems, for example, EGR is cooled to reduce NOX
emission levels at high engine loads. Systems in
which EGR is not cooled may experience relatively
high NOX emissions during heavy engine throttle or
loads. On the other hand at low engine loads, systems
in which EGR is cooled experience fuel droplets
vaporization which is not enhanced. Large fuel
droplets affect emission by producing soot.
Fig.1.4 Development of EGR system
V. Experimental Procedure
Without EGR System
The experiment was carried out on a single
cylinder, air cooled, four stroke diesel engine. Engine
was first started and kept in running condition upto
10 minutes. After that we set the speed of engine as
800 rpm (Tachometer was used). Once rpm was set
we observed time (by stopwatch) required by engine
to consumed 20 ml of fuel (Diesel) and then
Temperature at Exhaust 8 manifold was measured
(with the help of infrared Thermometer and
thermocouple). Calculations for different parameters
(BP, FC, SFC, BSFC, BTE, etc.) were calculated by
obtained time and temperature.
The experiments was further carried out by
setting speed of engine as 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600
rpm and time required by engine to consumed 20 ml
of fuel and exhaust gas temperature were measured.
The relevant difference of measurement of time and
temperature between various rpm was approximately
10 minutes i.e. after each measurement, engine was
kept in running condition up to approximately 10
minutes and then time and temperature were
calculated and further calculations of various
parameters were done.
4. Vipul Jain, Dipesh Singh Parihar, Vaibhav Jain and Irfan H Mulla / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1287-1297
1290 | P a g e
VI. Experimental Procedure
With EGR System
The experiment was carried out on a single
cylinder, air cooled, four stroke diesel engines. It was
necessary to make some of modifications in the
engine since the original engine had no EGR. It was
necessary to connect the exhaust manifold with the
air intake manifold. The experimental set-up is
shown in Fig 1.5. and comprises a diesel particulate
air filter, a heat exchanger, a liquid fuel metering
systems, and an exhaust gases analysis system. It was
necessary to connect the exhaust manifold with the
air intake manifold.
A tachometer is connected with engine; it is
use for measuring RPM of the engine. The EGR pipe
connected with exhaust manifold to the inlet of the
engine. The EGR pipe also connected with
intercooler and air filter as shown in Fig.1.5 The air
filter is used for particulate reduction and supply of
clean gas for EGR. The intercooler is used as an
exhaust cooler for cooling exhaust gas.
Procedure for measurement and calculation of
various parameters i.e. time (required by engine to
consumed 20 ml of fuel at various rpm), temperature,
BP, SFC, BSFC, BTE, etc was same as that carried
out for without EGR system.
Experimental Images:
Fig 1.5 Experimental Images
VII. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Calculation
Without EGR System
DATA:
Speed of Engine, N = 800 RPM
Weight, W = 3 kg = 3 × 9.81 = 29.43 N
Time (time required by an engine to consume 20
ml of fuel at particular rpm of diesel) = 85 sec.
Calorific value, CV = 43000 kJ / kg
Radius of flywheel of engine, r = 0.5 meter (m)
Specific gravity = 0.82
Torque, T = W × r = 29.43 × 0.5 = 14.715 N-m
(1) Brake Power (B.P.):
B.P. = = = 1232.76 W
(2) Fuel Consumption (F.C.):
F.C. =
=
F.C. = 0.6945 kg / hr
3) Specific Fuel Consumption (S.F.C.):
S.F.C. = =
S.F.C. = 0.564 kg / kW hr
(4) Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (B.S.F.C.):
B.S.F.C. = S.F.C. × Calorific Value (C.V.)
= 0.564 × 43000
= 24252 kJ / kW hr
(5) Heat Supplied by Fuel (H.F.):
H.F. = F.C. × Calorific Value (C.V.)
= 0.6945 × 43000 = 29885 kJ / kg
(6) Brake Thermal Efficiency (B.T.E.):
B.T.E.
= = 14.85 %
Table 1.5 Calculation (without EGR system):
Speed in
RPM
Time in second T in ºC B.P. in
kW
F.C. in
kg / hr
S.F.C. in
kg / kW hr
B.S.F.C. in
kJ / kW hr
H.F. in
kJ / kg
B.T.E. in %
800 85 110 1.232 0.6945 0.564 24252 29885 14.85
1000 79 119 1.54 0.7473 0.485 20855 32121 17.25
1200 74 125 1.848 0.7978 0.431 18533 34271 19.39
1400 64 132 2.156 0.8682 0.428 18404 39689 20.78
1600 60 135 2.464 0.984 0.399 17157 42312 20.96
Where, B.P. = Brake Power
F.C. = Fuel Consumption
S.F.C. = Specific Fuel Consumption
B.S.F.C. = Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
H.F. = Heat Supplied by Fuel
B.T.E. = Brake Thermal Efficiency
5. Vipul Jain, Dipesh Singh Parihar, Vaibhav Jain and Irfan H Mulla / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1287-1297
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VIII. Characteristics Performance Graph
(Without EGR system):
The variation of Exhaust Gas Temperature
of the engine without EGR system at various Brake
Power is shown in Figure 1.6. As shown in figure,
when Brake power of the engine increases, Exhaust
Gas Temperature of the engine also increases. The
brake power of the engine varies from 1.232 kW to
2.464 kW and respectively Exhaust Gas
Temperature varies from 110 °C to 135 °C.
The variation of fuel consumption of the
engine without EGR system at various Brake
Power is shown in Figure 1.7. As shown in figure,
when Brake power of the engine increases, the fuel
consumption of the engine is also increases. The
brake power of the engine varies from 1.232 kW to
2.464 kW and fuel consumption varies from 0.6945
kg/hr to 0.984 kg/hr respectively.
The variation of brake thermal efficiency
of the engine without EGR system at various Brake
Power is shown in Figure 1.8. As shown in figure,
when Brake power of the engine increases, the
Brake thermal efficiency of the engine is also
increases. The brake power of the engine varies
from 1.232 kW to 2.464 kW and respectively,
brake thermal efficiency varies from 14.85 % to
20.96 %.
Fig. 1.6 Temp Vs BP
Fig. 1.7 FC Vs BP
Fig. 1.8 BTE Vs BP
Emission Performance Graph
(Without EGR System):
Fig. 1.9 CO Vs BP
Fig. 2.1 CO2 Vs BP
110
115
120
125
130
135
1.2 1.6 2 2.4
TempinºC
BP in kW
Temp vs BP
0.65
0.75
0.85
0.95
1.2 1.6 2 2.4
FCinkg/hr
BP in kW
FC vs BP
14
16
18
20
22
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
BTEin%
BP in kW
BTE vs BP
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.055
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
COin%
BP in kW
CO vs BP
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
CO2in%
BP in kW
CO2 vs BP
6. Vipul Jain, Dipesh Singh Parihar, Vaibhav Jain and Irfan H Mulla / International Journal of
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Table 1.6 Emission (without EGR system):
The variation of Carbon Monoxide (CO)
of the engine without EGR system at various Brake
Power is shown in Figure 1.9. An irregular graph is
obtained practically, but theoretically it is proved
that as brake power increases emission of CO from
Engine also increases. As per figure 1.9 as brake
power of the engine varies from 1.232 kW to
2.464 kW and Carbon Monoxide (CO) varies from
0.04 % to 0.05 %.
The variation of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) of
the engine without EGR system at various Brake
Power is shown in Figure 2.1. As shown in figure,
when Brake power of the engine increases,
Emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) of the engine is
also increases. The brake power of the engine
varies from 1.232 kW to 2.464 kW and Carbon
Dioxide (CO2) varies from 1 % to 2 %.
Fig. 2.2 NOx Vs BP
The variation of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) of
the engine without EGR system at various Brake
Power is shown in Figure 2.2. As shown in figure,
when Brake power of the engine increases,
Emission of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) of the engine
also increases. The brake power of the engine
varies from 1.232 kW to 2.464 kW and Emission of
Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) varies from 759 ppm to 782
ppm.
IX. Calculation
(With EGR System):
DATA:
Speed of Engine, N = 800 RPM
Weight, W = 3 kg = 3 × 9.81 = 29.43 N
Time (time required by an engine to consume
20 ml of fuel at particular rpm of diesel) in sec.
Calorific value, CV = 43000 kJ / kg
Radius of flywheel of engine, r = 0.5 meter (m)
Specific gravity = 0.82
Torque, T = W × r = 29.43 × 0.5 = 14.715 N-m
(1) Brake Power (B.P.):
B.P. = =
= 1232.76 W
B.P. = 1.232 kW
(2) Fuel Consumption (F.C.):
F.C. =
= = 0.7288 kg / hr
Fig. 2.3 HC Vs BP
The variation of Hydro Carbon (HC) of
the engine without EGR system at various Brake
Power is shown in Figure 2.3. As shown in figure,
when Brake power of the engine increases,
Emission of Hydro Carbon (HC) of the engine
decreases. The brake power of the engine varies
from 1.232 kW to 2.464 kW and Emission of
Hydro Carbon (HC) varies from 18.5 ppm to 16.4
ppm.
755
760
765
770
775
780
785
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
NOxinppm
BP in kW
NOx vs BP
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2
HCinppm
BP in kW
HC vs BP
Speed
in RPM
Time
in Sec.
Temp.
in ºC
B.P.
in
KW
CO CO2 NO
X
HC
800 85 110 1.232 0.05 1 759 18.5
1000 79 119 1.54 0.04 2 765 18
1200 74 125 1.848 0.04 1.8 769 18
1400 64 132 2.156 0.05 1.6 775 17
1600 60 135 2.464 0.05 1.8 782 16.4
7. Vipul Jain, Dipesh Singh Parihar, Vaibhav Jain and Irfan H Mulla / International Journal of
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Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1287-1297
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3) Specific Fuel Consumption (S.F.C.):
S.F.C. =
=
S.F.C. = 0.592 kg / kW hr
(4) Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (B.S.F.C.):
B.S.F.C. = S.F.C. × Calorific Value (C.V.)
= 0.592 × 43000
= 25456 kJ / kW hr
(5) Heat Supplied by Fuel (H.F.):
H.F. = F.C. × Calorific Value (C.V.)
= 0.7288 × 43000
H.F. = 31347 kJ / kg
(6) Brake Thermal Efficiency (B.T.E.):
B.T.E. =
=
B.T.E. = 14.15 %
Table 1.7 Calculation (with EGR system)
Speed in
RPM
Time in
second
Temperature
in ºC
B.P.
in kW
F.C. in
kg / hr
S.F.C. in
kg / kW hr
B.S.F.C. in
kJ / kW hr
H.F. in
kJ / kg
B.T.E.
in %
800 81 105 1.232 0.7288 0.592 25456 31347 14.15
1000 70 115 1.54 0.8435 0.547 23521 36249 15.28
1200 63 119 1.848 0.9371 0.507 21801 40291 16.5
1400 55 125 2.156 1.0357 0.497 21371 46139 17.42
1600 50 129 2.464 1.1808 0.479 20597 50740 17.47
B.P. = Brake Power
F.C. = Fuel Consumption
S.F.C. = Specific Fuel Consumption
B.S.F.C. = Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
H.F. = Heat Supplied by Fuel
B.T.E. = Brake Thermal Efficiency
Characteristics Performance Graph (With EGR
system):
The variation of Exhaust Gas Temperature
of the engine with EGR system at various Brake
Power is shown in Figure 2.4. As shown in figure,
when Brake power of the engine increases, Exhaust
Gas Temperature of the engine also increases. The
brake power of the engine varies from 1.232 kW to
2.464 kW and Exhaust Gas Temperature varies
from 105 °C to 129 °C.
The variation of fuel consumption of the
engine with EGR system at various Brake Power is
shown in Figure 2.5. As shown in figure, when
Brake power of the engine increases, fuel
consumption of the engine also increases. The
brake power of the engine varies from 1.232 kW to
2.464 kW and fuel consumption varies from 0.7288
kg/hr to 1.1808 kg/hr.
The variation of the brake thermal
efficiency of the engine with EGR system at
various Brake Power is shown in Figure 2.6. As
shown in figure, when Brake power of the engine
increases, Brake thermal efficiency of the engine
also increases. The brake power of the engine
varies from 1.232 kW to 2.464 kW and Brake
thermal efficiency varies from 14.15% to 17.47%.
Fig. 2.4 Temp Vs BP.
Fig. 2.5 FC Vs BP
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
TempinºC
BP in kW
Temp vs BP
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
FCinkg/hr
BP in kW
FC vs BP
8. Vipul Jain, Dipesh Singh Parihar, Vaibhav Jain and Irfan H Mulla / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1287-1297
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Table 1.8 Emissions (EGR System):
Fig. 2.6 BTE Vs BP
X. Emission Performance Graph
With EGR system:
The variation of Carbon Monoxide (CO)
of the engine with EGR system at various Brake
Power is shown in Figure 2.7. As shown in figure,
when Brake power of the engine increases,
Emission of Carbon Monoxide (CO) of the engine
also increases. The brake power of the engine
varies from 1.232 kW to 2.464 kW and Emission of
Carbon Monoxide (CO) varies from 0.03 % to 0.04
%.
The variation of Emission of Carbon
Dioxide (CO2) of the engine with EGR system at
various Brake Power is shown in Figure 2.8. As
shown in figure, when Brake power of the engine
increases, Emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) of
the engine also increases. The brake power of the
engine varies 1.232 kW to 2.464 kW and Emission
of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) varies from 0.8 % to 1 %.
The variation of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) of the
engine with EGR system at various Brake Power is
shown in Figure 2.9. As shown in figure, when
Brake power of the engine increases, Emission of
Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) of the engine also increases.
The brake power of the engine varies from 1.232
kW to 2.464 kW and Emission of Nitrogen Oxide
(NOx) varies from 731 ppm to 764 ppm.
The variation of Emission of Hydro
Carbon (HC) of the engine with EGR system at
various Brake Power is shown in Figure 3.1. As
shown in figure, when Brake power of the engine
increases, the Emission of Hydro Carbon (HC) of
the engine decreases. The brake power of the
engine varies from 1.232 kW to 2.464 kW and
Emission of Hydro Carbon (HC) varies from19.5
ppm to 17 ppm.
Fig. 2.7 CO Vs BP
Fig. 2.8 CO2 Vs BP
14
15
16
17
18
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
BTEin%
BP in kW
BTE vs BP
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
COin%
BP in kW
CO vs BP
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
CO2in%
BP in kW
CO2 vs BP
Speed
in
RPM
Time
in
Sec.
Temp.
in
ºC
B.P.
in
kW
CO CO2 NOX HC
800 81 105 1.232 0.04 0.9 731 19.5
1000 70 115 1.54 0.04 1 742 18.6
1200 63 119 1.848 0.03 0.8 748 17.9
1400 55 125 2.156 0.03 0.8 756 17.2
1600 50 129 2.464 0.04 1 764 17.0
9. Vipul Jain, Dipesh Singh Parihar, Vaibhav Jain and Irfan H Mulla / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1287-1297
1295 | P a g e
Fig. 2.9 NOx Vs BP
Fig. 3.1 HC Vs BP
XI. Comparison Graph
(With & without EGR system)
Figure 3.2 shows Comparison graph of
with and without EGR system of variation in
Temperature with respect to Brake Power. From
the above figure it is clear that the value of Exhaust
Gas Temperature of the diesel engine with EGR is
less than that of without EGR system at same brake
power.
Figure 3.3 shows Comparison graph of
with and without EGR system of variation in Fuel
Consumption with respect to Brake Power. From
the above figure it is clear that the value of Fuel
Consumption of the diesel engine with EGR is
more than that of without EGR system at same
brake power.
Figure 3.4 shows Comparison graph of
with and without EGR system of variation in Fuel
Consumption with respect to Brake Power. From
the above figure it is clear that the value of Fuel
Consumption of the diesel engine with EGR
increases than that of without EGR system at same
brake power.
Figure 3.5 shows Comparison graph of
with and without EGR system of variation in
Emission of CO with respect to Brake Power. From
the above figure it is clear that the value of
Emission of CO of the diesel engine with EGR is
less than that of without EGR system at same brake
power.
Figure 3.6 shows Comparison graph of
with and without EGR system of variation in
Emission of CO2 with respect to Brake Power.
From the above figure it is clear that the value of
Emission of CO2 of the diesel engine with EGR is
less than that of without EGR system at same brake
power.
Figure 3.7 shows Comparison graph of
with and without EGR system of variation in
Emission of NOx with respect to Brake Power.
From the above figure it is clear that the value of
Emission of NOx of the diesel engine with EGR is
less than that of without EGR system at same brake
power
Figure 3.8 shows Comparison graph of
with and without EGR system of variation in
Emission of HC with respect to Brake Power. From
the above figure it is clear that the value of
Emission of HC of the diesel engine with EGR is
more than that of without EGR system at same
brake power.
Fig. 3.2 Temp Vs BP
730
735
740
745
750
755
760
765
770
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
NOxinppm
BP in kW
NOx vs BP
16.8
17.3
17.8
18.3
18.8
19.3
19.8
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6
HCinppm
BP in kW
HC vs BP
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5
TempinºC
BP in kW
TEMP without EGR
TEMP with EGR
10. Vipul Jain, Dipesh Singh Parihar, Vaibhav Jain and Irfan H Mulla / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1287-1297
1296 | P a g e
Fig. 3.3 FC Vs BP
Fig. 3.4 BTE Vs BP
Fig. 3.5 CO Vs BP
Fig. 3.6 CO2 Vs BP
Fig. 3.7 NOx Vs BP
Fig. 3.8 HC Vs BP
XII. CONCLUSION
The main objective of the present
investigation was to evaluate suitability of Exhaust
Gas Recirculation system for use in a C.I. engine
and to evaluate the performance and emission
characteristics of the engine. The experimental
study shows the following results:
The engine performance on EGR system,
Exhaust Gas Temperature reduces as compared
to that of without EGR system, so it is
beneficial for surrounding.
Figure 3.4 shows Comparison graph of with
and without EGR system of variation in Fuel
Consumption with respect to Brake Power.
From the above figure it is clear that the value
of Fuel Consumption of the diesel engine with
0.65
0.75
0.85
0.95
1.05
1.15
1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5
FCinkg/hr
BP in kW
FC without EGR
FC with EGR
13.5
14.5
15.5
16.5
17.5
18.5
19.5
20.5
1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5
BTEin%
BP in kW
BTE without EGR
BTE with EGR
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
1.1 1.4 1.7 2 2.3 2.6
COin%
BP in kW
CO without EGR
CO with EGR
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5
CO2in%
BP in kW
CO2 without EGR
CO2 with EGR
725
735
745
755
765
775
785
1.1 1.5 1.9 2.3
NOxinppm
BP in kW
Nox without EGR
Nox with EGR
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5
HCinppm
BP in kW
HC without EGR
HC with EGR
11. Vipul Jain, Dipesh Singh Parihar, Vaibhav Jain and Irfan H Mulla / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1287-1297
1297 | P a g e
EGR increases than that of without EGR
system at same brake power.
The Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of the
engine was partially lower and the Brake
Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) of the
engine was partially higher when EGR system
was implemented with engine.
Emission of Oxide of Nitrogen (NOx) was very
much reduced by implementation of EGR
system.
Emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and
Carbon Mono-oxide (CO) was also reduced.
Emission of Hydro Carbon (HC) increases by
implementing EGR system with engine than
that of operating engine without EGR system.
XIII. FUTURE SCOPE
Exhaust Gas Recirculation system
advantageous for environment
Further work in same project can be done for
measurement of inlet air flow and exhaust air
flow and percentage flow of EGR can be
calculated and optimum value of EGR rate can
be used for practical use.
Biodiesel contain more sulphur and lead, while
using biodiesel in engine it produces more
emission in surrounding due to sulphur and
lead. As EGR system reduces the emission
rate, Biodiesel can be used as fuel in engines.
REFERENCES
[1] N.K. Miller Jothi, G. Nagarajan, S.
Renganarayanan; LPG fueled diesel
engine using diethyl ether with exhaust
gas recirculation, International Journal of
Thermal Sciences 47 (2008) 450–457.
[2] Deepak Agarwal , Shrawan Kumar singh,
Avinash Kumar Agarwal; Effect of
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on
performance, emissions, deposits and
durability of a constant speed compression
ignition engine, Applied Energy 88 (2011)
2900–2907.
[3] Deeapak Agarwal, Shailendra Sinha,
Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Experimental
investigation of control of NOX emissions
in biodiesel-fueled compression ignition
engine Renewable Energy 31 pp 2356-
2369, 2006.
[4] H.E. Saleh; Effect of exhaust gas
recirculation on diesel engine nitrogen
oxide reduction operating with jojoba
methyl ester, Renewable Energy 34 (2009)
2178–2186.
[5] N.Saravanan, G.Nagarajan, K.M.Kalaisel-
van, C. Dhanasekaran; An experimental
investigation on hydrogen as a dual fuel
for diesel engine system with exhaust
gas recirculation technique, Renewable
Energy 33 (2008) 422– 427.
NOMENCLATURE
FC Fuel Consumption
SFC Specific Fuel Consumption
HF Heat Supplied by Fuel
BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
BTE Brake Thermal Efficiency
BP Brake power
IC ENGINE Internal Combustion Engine
EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation
CO Carbon Monoxide
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
NOX Oxides of Nitrogen
HC Hydrocarbon
ºC Degree Celsius
CV Calorific Value
kW Kilo Watt
hr Hour
HC Hydro Carbon
ppm Parts per million
Vs Versus
% Percentage
RPM Revolutions per Minute
EGT Exhaust