International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Genset Engine Development to Meet Current Emission Norms" (Conversion from CP...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Combined numerical experimental study of dual fuel diesel engine to discuss t...Shans Shakkeer
It is my m.tech seminar presentation,on the basis of a study carried out by Carmelina Abagnale a, Maria Cristina Cameretti a,Luigi De Simio b, Michele Gambino b, Sabatino Iannaccone b, Raffaele Tuccillo ( Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy b Istituto Motori, C.N.R., Napoli, Italy ) were presented in 68th Conference of the Italian Thermal Machines Engineering Association, ATI2013, and Published by Elsevier ltd. in 2013
Performance of the Boiler and To Improving the Boiler Efficiency Using Cfd Mo...IOSR Journals
The power sector is one of the sectors of the India's economy. The development of the country to a
large extent is dependent on the growth of this sector. Through the progress of the power sector during the past
four decades has been sustainable, the power industry has been unable to fulfill primary obligation of
production quality power supply in required quantity. We did our project in Stage- 4, Unit -7 of Dr. Narla Tata
Rao Thermal Power Station, Vijayawada and analyzed the performance of the boiler of the above-mentioned
unit of capacity 500MW. Our project was mainly concerned with the Boiler Operations & Maintenance
Department (O&M). Initially, we calculated the performance and efficiency of the boiler. The Computational
Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach is utilised for the creation of a two-dimensional model of the economizer coil.
Using mild steel material in the economizer part it gives better performance compared with the carbon steel
material. The fluid flow temperature, pressure is increase and velocity is decrease field of fluid flow within an
economizer tube using the actual boundary conditions have been analyzed using CFD tool. So the boiler
performance will be increased. And the experimental setup is from Dr. NTTPS, Vijayawada having the unit no
IV of 500 MW energy generations.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF TWO STROKE SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown] and compared with
conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine Copper coated engine (CCE) with methanol blended
gasoline considerably improved the performance in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. CCE with methanol blended gasoline increased the brake thermal efficiency, decreased the exhaust gas temperature and
increased the volumetric efficiency.
Genset Engine Development to Meet Current Emission Norms" (Conversion from CP...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Combined numerical experimental study of dual fuel diesel engine to discuss t...Shans Shakkeer
It is my m.tech seminar presentation,on the basis of a study carried out by Carmelina Abagnale a, Maria Cristina Cameretti a,Luigi De Simio b, Michele Gambino b, Sabatino Iannaccone b, Raffaele Tuccillo ( Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy b Istituto Motori, C.N.R., Napoli, Italy ) were presented in 68th Conference of the Italian Thermal Machines Engineering Association, ATI2013, and Published by Elsevier ltd. in 2013
Performance of the Boiler and To Improving the Boiler Efficiency Using Cfd Mo...IOSR Journals
The power sector is one of the sectors of the India's economy. The development of the country to a
large extent is dependent on the growth of this sector. Through the progress of the power sector during the past
four decades has been sustainable, the power industry has been unable to fulfill primary obligation of
production quality power supply in required quantity. We did our project in Stage- 4, Unit -7 of Dr. Narla Tata
Rao Thermal Power Station, Vijayawada and analyzed the performance of the boiler of the above-mentioned
unit of capacity 500MW. Our project was mainly concerned with the Boiler Operations & Maintenance
Department (O&M). Initially, we calculated the performance and efficiency of the boiler. The Computational
Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach is utilised for the creation of a two-dimensional model of the economizer coil.
Using mild steel material in the economizer part it gives better performance compared with the carbon steel
material. The fluid flow temperature, pressure is increase and velocity is decrease field of fluid flow within an
economizer tube using the actual boundary conditions have been analyzed using CFD tool. So the boiler
performance will be increased. And the experimental setup is from Dr. NTTPS, Vijayawada having the unit no
IV of 500 MW energy generations.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF TWO STROKE SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown] and compared with
conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine Copper coated engine (CCE) with methanol blended
gasoline considerably improved the performance in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. CCE with methanol blended gasoline increased the brake thermal efficiency, decreased the exhaust gas temperature and
increased the volumetric efficiency.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental investigation of thermal performance of petrol engine using fuel...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of spiral grooves in piston bowl on exhaust emissions of direct inject...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance & emission optimization of single cylinder diesel engine to m...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The growing cities, sharp increasing traffic, trajectory growth, rapid economic development and industrialization, and higher levels of energy consumption has resulted an increase of pollution load in the environment. It is also accepted that automobiles have emerged as a critical source of air pollution in the developing world. Realizing the gravity of the problem, steps are being taken to introduce better technologies, better fuel quality, shift to environment friendly fuels, and mass transit system for the control of environmental pollution in urban areas. Electronic diesel control, use of electronic FIE with increase in injection pressures and flexibility in injection control has changed the image of diesel engine. Engine optimization will lead to the better power with the better fuel economy which accomplish the urban living standard and care of the environment. Conventional fuel injection system was unable to fulfilment of this requirement, so it is necessity to modify fuel injection system along with vehicle after exhaust after treatment devices. Performance and Emission was optimized by using ETAS-INCA software. For the subject Bs-III engine, capacity is increased 50cc and certain modifications done. After proper optimization, with EGR ON the power value increased by 8.776% and torque value increased by 16.667% with respect to previous BS-III engine. Since the introduction of the new auxiliary system shows the gradual effect on the engine. According to the BS-IV norms the taper exhaust re-circulated by Oil Mist Separator (OMS) and to increase the performance the implementation of EGR Cooler is done. Also the BS-IV norms are achieved successfully in chassis dynamometer.
Keywords: BS-IV (Bharat Stage IV), INCA (Integrated Calibration and Data Acquisition), NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen)
History of gasoline direct compression ignition (gdci) engine a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract The first single-cylinder gasoline direct compression ignition (GDCI) engine was designed and built in 2010 by Delphi Companyfor testing performance, emissions and Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Then after achieving the good results in performance, emissions and BSFCfrom single-cylinder engine, multi-cylinder GDCI engine was built in 2013. The compression ignition engine has limitations such as high noise, weight, PM and NOX emissions compared to gasoline engine. But the high efficiency, torque and better fuel economy of compression ignition engine are the reasons of Delphi Company to use compression ignition strategy for building a new combustion system. The objective of the present review study involves the reasons of building of the GDCI engine in detail. Keywords: Delphi Company,Emissions, Multi-Cylinder GDCI engine andSingle-CylinderGDCI Engine.
CONTROL OF POLLUTANTS WITH CATALYTIC CONVERTER AND COPPER COATED CYLINDER HEA...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate and control the exhaust emissions from two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on inner surface of the cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron and manganese ore as as catalysts and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation
Soot Formation in Diesel Engines By Using CfdIJERA Editor
In order to meet the stringent emission standards significant efforts have been imparted to the research and
development of cleaner IC engines. Diesel combustion and the formation of pollutants are directly influenced by
spatial and temporal distribution of the fuel injected. The development and validation of computational fluid
dynamics (CFD) models for diesel engine combustion and emissions is described. The complexity of diesel
combustion requires simulations with many complex interacting sub models in order to have a success in
improving the performance and to reduce the emissions. In the present work an attempt has been made to
develop a multidimensional axe-symmetric model for CI engine combustion and emissions. Later simulations
have been carried out. Commercial validation tool FLUENT was used for simulation. The tool solves basic
governing equations of fluid flow that is continuity, momentum, species transport and energy equation. Using
finite volume method turbulence was modeled by using RNG K-ɛ model. Injection was modeled using La
Grangian approach and reaction was modeled using non premixed combustion which considers the effects of
turbulence and detailed chemical mechanism into account to model the reaction rates. The specific heats were
approximated using piecewise polynomials. Subsequently the simulated results have been validated with the
existing experimental values
An Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emissions of LPG as Dual Fue...IJERA Editor
The usage of diesel engine generating set (Gen set) increasing day by day where the places without connection
to power grid or emergency power supply when the grid fails. Worldwide dual fuel engines are becoming
popular because of high performance and low emissions. LPG with diesel is a proven technology in case of
vehicles, but in diesel engine power plants it is far so.
The proposed work is concentrated on higher load of Diesel Engine Generator with LPG as dual fuel by keeping
environmental concern. A test is conducted on performance of engine along with emissions at different
proportions of Diesel and LPG including 100% diesel. An experimental set up is made with simple
modifications on existing genset to supply LPG as secondary fuel into Diesel.
Analysis of producer gas carburetor for different air fuel ratios using cfdeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental investigation of thermal performance of petrol engine using fuel...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of spiral grooves in piston bowl on exhaust emissions of direct inject...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance & emission optimization of single cylinder diesel engine to m...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The growing cities, sharp increasing traffic, trajectory growth, rapid economic development and industrialization, and higher levels of energy consumption has resulted an increase of pollution load in the environment. It is also accepted that automobiles have emerged as a critical source of air pollution in the developing world. Realizing the gravity of the problem, steps are being taken to introduce better technologies, better fuel quality, shift to environment friendly fuels, and mass transit system for the control of environmental pollution in urban areas. Electronic diesel control, use of electronic FIE with increase in injection pressures and flexibility in injection control has changed the image of diesel engine. Engine optimization will lead to the better power with the better fuel economy which accomplish the urban living standard and care of the environment. Conventional fuel injection system was unable to fulfilment of this requirement, so it is necessity to modify fuel injection system along with vehicle after exhaust after treatment devices. Performance and Emission was optimized by using ETAS-INCA software. For the subject Bs-III engine, capacity is increased 50cc and certain modifications done. After proper optimization, with EGR ON the power value increased by 8.776% and torque value increased by 16.667% with respect to previous BS-III engine. Since the introduction of the new auxiliary system shows the gradual effect on the engine. According to the BS-IV norms the taper exhaust re-circulated by Oil Mist Separator (OMS) and to increase the performance the implementation of EGR Cooler is done. Also the BS-IV norms are achieved successfully in chassis dynamometer.
Keywords: BS-IV (Bharat Stage IV), INCA (Integrated Calibration and Data Acquisition), NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen)
History of gasoline direct compression ignition (gdci) engine a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract The first single-cylinder gasoline direct compression ignition (GDCI) engine was designed and built in 2010 by Delphi Companyfor testing performance, emissions and Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Then after achieving the good results in performance, emissions and BSFCfrom single-cylinder engine, multi-cylinder GDCI engine was built in 2013. The compression ignition engine has limitations such as high noise, weight, PM and NOX emissions compared to gasoline engine. But the high efficiency, torque and better fuel economy of compression ignition engine are the reasons of Delphi Company to use compression ignition strategy for building a new combustion system. The objective of the present review study involves the reasons of building of the GDCI engine in detail. Keywords: Delphi Company,Emissions, Multi-Cylinder GDCI engine andSingle-CylinderGDCI Engine.
CONTROL OF POLLUTANTS WITH CATALYTIC CONVERTER AND COPPER COATED CYLINDER HEA...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate and control the exhaust emissions from two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on inner surface of the cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron and manganese ore as as catalysts and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation
Soot Formation in Diesel Engines By Using CfdIJERA Editor
In order to meet the stringent emission standards significant efforts have been imparted to the research and
development of cleaner IC engines. Diesel combustion and the formation of pollutants are directly influenced by
spatial and temporal distribution of the fuel injected. The development and validation of computational fluid
dynamics (CFD) models for diesel engine combustion and emissions is described. The complexity of diesel
combustion requires simulations with many complex interacting sub models in order to have a success in
improving the performance and to reduce the emissions. In the present work an attempt has been made to
develop a multidimensional axe-symmetric model for CI engine combustion and emissions. Later simulations
have been carried out. Commercial validation tool FLUENT was used for simulation. The tool solves basic
governing equations of fluid flow that is continuity, momentum, species transport and energy equation. Using
finite volume method turbulence was modeled by using RNG K-ɛ model. Injection was modeled using La
Grangian approach and reaction was modeled using non premixed combustion which considers the effects of
turbulence and detailed chemical mechanism into account to model the reaction rates. The specific heats were
approximated using piecewise polynomials. Subsequently the simulated results have been validated with the
existing experimental values
An Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emissions of LPG as Dual Fue...IJERA Editor
The usage of diesel engine generating set (Gen set) increasing day by day where the places without connection
to power grid or emergency power supply when the grid fails. Worldwide dual fuel engines are becoming
popular because of high performance and low emissions. LPG with diesel is a proven technology in case of
vehicles, but in diesel engine power plants it is far so.
The proposed work is concentrated on higher load of Diesel Engine Generator with LPG as dual fuel by keeping
environmental concern. A test is conducted on performance of engine along with emissions at different
proportions of Diesel and LPG including 100% diesel. An experimental set up is made with simple
modifications on existing genset to supply LPG as secondary fuel into Diesel.
Analysis of producer gas carburetor for different air fuel ratios using cfdeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Prediction on Increasing the Efficiency of Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine U...IJMER
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System means to use the Exhaust Gas coming from
Exhaust Manifold to Inlet Manifold in order to reduce the Emission of NOX which is particularly very
harmful. Engine without EGR are more pollutant & uses more atmospherically air for combustion. By
Implementation of EGR system in Engine, the Partial Exhaust Gas is re-circulated again in Engine. The
aim of this work is to review the potential of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce the exhaust
emissions, particularly NOX emissions, and to delimit the application range of this technique. The
system is very much Eco Friendly. Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Technique in engines, the
emissions are very much controlled. This method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption.
ABSTRACT: In this paper, the control scheme of a Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)–diesel dual-fuel engine with electronic
control is illustrated, the external characteristics and load characteristics of the LPG– diesel dual-fuel engine and the diesel
engine are compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that, compared with diesel, the output performance of
dual fuel is not reduced, while smoke emission of dual fuel is significantly reduced, NOx emission of dual fuel is hardly
changed, but HC emission and CO emission of dual fuel are increased and fuel consumption of dual fuel is reduced.
Keywords: LPG–Diesel dual fuel, electronic control, engine performance, pollutant emissions, fuel consumption
Effect of Pilot Fuel Quantity on the Performance and Emission Characteristics...IOSR Journals
The serious environmental pollution and the energy crisis all over the world has caused for
development of the lower pollution and lower energy consumption automobile to become major research goal.
With huge back ground, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is projected as the best alternative fuel for the country
like India. The properties of CNG make it an ideal fuel for direct use in spark ignition engines. Conversion of
any existing spark ignition engine to operate on natural gas is relatively simple with available equipment. Many
spark ignition engine vehicles are successfully operating in major cities of India with CNG fuel. However CNG
cannot be used as a fuel in diesel engines with ease. Since the maximum engines at present run on diesel, it will
be very much useful if a solution could be found to alter the existing diesel engine with minimum modifications
to run on CNG. Several researchers could attempt to run diesel engines with CNG. In the process three methods
were reported to be successful to use CNG as a fuel in diesel engines, they are (i) Spark ignited gas mode (ii)
Direct injection of CNG in dual fuel mode and (iii) Premixed CNG dual fuel mode. In the present work a
premixed dual fuel engine was developed which can perform well for the entire range of load and experiments
are carried out by varying the pilot fuel amount and studied the effect of pilot fuel amount on engine
performance and emissions characteristics and determined optimum fuel injection quantity for better
performance and lower emissions.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A CONVENTIONAL DIESEL ENGINE RUNNING IN DUAL FUEL M...IAEME Publication
Present study evaluates the performance of a compression ignition engine running in dual fuel mode with Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Petroleum Diesel. The LPG was inducted in the engine by Fumigation method at the rate of 0.094, 0.189 & 0.283 Kg/hr. Major performance parameters such as Brake power, Brake thermal efficiency, Brake specific fuel consumption etc. were evaluated at different load & different fuel combinations.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
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R4103111114
1. Shivpoojan Kathait Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 3), January 2014, pp.111-114
RESEARCH ARTICLE
www.ijera.com
OPEN ACCESS
GENSET Diesel Engine Design Optimization for CPCB- II
Emission Norms Using Cost Effective Techniques
Shivpoojan Kathait
ABSTRACT
The major challenge that is faced by most of the engine manufacturers nowadays is to meet the stringent
emission norms with least modification in the engine design. In achieving the emission norms simplicity of the
design has to be maintained as far as possible by optimizing the available emission control techniques. This
paper deals with such optimal technique with reduced cost and up gradation of the engine from CPCB I (Current
Emission Norms for Genset/Stationery Engines in India) to CPCB II (Future Emission Norms applicable w.e.f
Jan’14 for Genset/Stationery Engines in India) in minimum time with minimum design changes. This difficult
task is achieved by adopting direct continuous EGR and intercooler with appropriate injection timing and
optimizing the fuel injection pump in a cost effective manner. The experiment is carried out on 3.62 litre
turbocharged engine giving power output 52.5 kW @1500 rpm. In order to achieve the NOx emission norms
LLR FIP is used, to retard the injection timing at part loads to reduce the in-cylinder temperature. Direct
continuous EGR (Exhaust Gas Re-circulation) is used to further reduce the NOx Emission and Intercooler is
used to reduce the BSFC.
I.
INTRODUCTION
The direct injection diesel engine is one of
those efficient thermal engines known to man. The
use of diesel engines for road applications has been
widely extended during the last decade due to their
relatively lower fuel consumption when compared to
spark ignition engines. For this reason DI diesel
engines are widely used for heavy-duty applications
and especially for the propulsion of Generators &
Tractor. Even though the efficiency of these engines
is currently at a high level there still exist possibilities
for further improvement. On the other hand there are
problems associated with its use that result from the
relatively high values of particulate emissions and
NOx values. Furthermore it is found that NOx also
contributes to the green house effect. Environmental
concerns have led to progressively more stringent
emission regulation for diesel engine. Keeping this in
view, the government of India keeps regulations on
the exhaust emission level of engines from time to
time. Currently applicable emission norms for
GENSET in India are Central Pollution Control
Board (CPCB)- 1 and proposed CPCB - 2 emission
norms will be applicable from 2014, for Generator up
to 19kw and >19kw to 75kw. The current and future
emission norms applicable for GENSET Engines are
shown in Table-1.
Table-1
POWER
RANGE
HC+
NOX
CO
PM
SMOKE
7.5
4.7
3.5
3.5
0.3
0.3
m-1
0.7
0.7
4.0
3.5
0.2
0.7
g/kWh
Up to 19 kW
>19 kW
Up to 75 kW
>75 kW
Up to 800 kW
The purpose of the present work is to
present a theoretical and experimental investigation
aiming towards a possible solution to this problem in
cost effective way so that the minimum design
modification is required in the existing engine and to
reduce the lead time. Tests were conducted under
various operating conditions like Full / part throttle
performance test, 5 mode cycle Emission test (as per
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ISO 8178 Type D2). The Central Pollution Control
Board (CPCB)-2 configuration results reveal that the
reduction in exhaust emission (NOx+HC, CO and
PM) levels was achieved without sacrificing in brake
specific fuel consumption at full load.
111 | P a g e
2. Shivpoojan Kathait Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 3), January 2014, pp.111-114
II.
STRATEGY to MEET CPCB II
EMISSION LIMIT
BASE
ENGINE:
For
optimization,
turbocharged engine for genset application was
considered. The engine specification is mentioned in
the Table 2. The base engine was already optimized
Engine Specification:
Configuration
Power
Type of Aspiration
No. of Cylinder
Swept Volume
Bore/Stroke
for CPCB-I and is to be upgraded to CPCB-II norms.
The challenges occurred
i)
Improvement in NOx + HC
ii)
Similar fuel consumption
iii)
Minimal modification and cost impact.
DEVELOPMENT WORK:
Table-2
Base Engine
52.5KW
Turbocharged without EGR
4
3.62 Ltr
100/115
To get minimum cost effect and less lead
time EGR, Intercooler and FIP are carefully selected
and optimization of Injection timing, EGR rate, EGR
pipe diameter has done to meet stringent emission
norms.
www.ijera.com
Upgraded Engine
52.5KW
Turbo Intercooled and With EGR
4
3.62 Ltr
100/115
EGR reduces the Nox emission by four
helium to study the effect in isolation. Intake air
dilution with EGR simultaneously introduces the
dilution and thermal effect. The oxygen mass
fraction in the intake air needs to be held
constant to avoid interference from dilution
effect.
C) Chemical Effect: - Some of the diluents gases
may dissociate or actively participate in chemical
reactions during the combustion process, this is
the chemical effect. One way to isolate the
chemical effects is to replace nitrogen in the air
with argon while the diluents is present this
maintains a constant average charge heat
capacity and oxygen concentration in the intake
charge relative to the undiluted. This avoids
interference from the thermal and dilution effect.
However it is not used in this project.
D) Add mass effect: - If adding diluents to the
intake charge results in an increased mass flow
rate, an additional effect is introduced. This
added flow has an additional heat capacity due to
its mass.
The EGR used is 12 mm diameter EGR tube
in which the exhaust gases flows from the exhaust to
intake due to pressure difference between Exhaust
and Inlet. This EGR has a drawback that at full load
EGR is not required but due to pressure difference
the exhaust gases flows to the inlet and reduces the
power at full load.
ways :
A) Dilution Effect: The dilution of the intake charge
with EGR reduces the mass fraction with
oxygen. This reduction in oxygen mass fraction
is the dilution effect. Adding EGR to the intake
air flow also affects average properties of the
intake charge such as the specific heat capacity
and molecular mass introducing other effects.
B) Thermal Effect: - EGR contains water and CO2,
both of which have higher specific heat
capacities than fresh air. The effect of increased
heat capacity is the thermal effect.
The
nitrogen in the air is replaced with inert gas
Intercooler is simply a heat exchanger which
reduces the temperature of the compressed intake
gas, as a result of this volumetric efficiency of the
engine is increased. Due to LLR feature in fuel
injection equipment timing is retarded which reduces
the power and increases the fuel consumption and
also due to EGR the power is reduced and specific
fuel consumption is increased. Intercooler is used to
regain the reduction in power and decrease in fuel
consumption. In the Base engine, air after the
compressor outlet (Turbocharger Outlet / Boost Air)
III.
FUEL INJECTION EQUIPMENT
The fuel injection equipment must be able to
achieve precise control of fuel metering, fuel
injection equipment used is of LLR characteristic
which retard the injection timing at light loads. In this
fuel injection equipment stepped sector are machined
on the top of the plunger to vary the prestroke, this
variation of prestroke changes the injection timing
against load and the desired extent of retard can be
obtained by carefully designing the dimension of
machined sector and with this normal delivery remain
unchanged irrespective of the load. By means of this
LLR feature, the process of combustion can be
retarded at intermediate load also. GENSET operates
mainly at full load or at intermediate load. This LLR
feature decrease the Nox level by reducing the in
cylinder temperature. Nox can also be decreased by
changing other parameter like after treatment devices
but these devices increases the cost and lead time of
the system.
IV.
DIRECT CONTINOUS EGR
www.ijera.com
V.
INTERCOOLER
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3. Shivpoojan Kathait Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 3), January 2014, pp.111-114
is at about a temperature of 1400c because of this
high temperature volumetric efficiency is decreased
drastically but with the use of intercooler the
www.ijera.com
temperature puts down to 60 0c which increase the
volumetric efficiency which intern increases the air
density and fuel consumption decreases.
400
350
300
BSFC
(g/Kwh)
250
200
Base Engine
150
Upgraded Engine
100
50
0
100 % Load
75 % Load
VI.
50 % Load
25 % Load
10 % Load
RESULTS AND DISSCUSION
Results obtained on an 52.5 kW rating power rating engine during engine optimization are given below
Emission
CPCB stage II
Baseline
Optimized
Parameter
Limits
results
Results
NOX + HC (g/kwh)
4.7
8.25
4.23
CO (g/kwh)
PM (g/kwh)
Smoke (m-1)
3.5
0.3
0.7
1.26
0.145
0.143
From the figure it can be seen clearly that
NOX + HC limits are far below the CPCB Stage II
Emission norms. Emission limits for NOX + HC are
decreased by 48.73 % as compared to baseline limits.
The reason to decrease of NOX is due to combined
effect of LLR feature pump and EGR, LLR feature
retards the injection timing which results in reduced
in cylinder temperature and EGR decreases
availability of oxygen in the cylinder.
2.28
0.205
0.33
decreases the availability of oxygen as a result of this
fuel is not oxidized properly.
3.5
3
CPCB II Limits
2.5
2
Baseline Results
1.5
1
9
Optimized Results
0.5
8
0
7
CPCB II Limits
6
CO (g/kwh)
5
Baseline Results
4
Fig. Emission Limit for CO
3
2
Optimized Results
1
0
NOX +HC (g/kwh)
Fig. Emission Limits for NOx + HC.
From the figure it can be concluded that the
CO Emission are well within the limits of CPCB II
Emission norms but as compared to baseline results
CO Emission is increased due to the use EGR which
www.ijera.com
From the figure it can be concluded that the
PM and Smoke emission are well in the emission
limits of CPCB II Emission norms but as compared
to baseline results Smoke and PM emission are
increased due to the EGR which decreases the
oxygen availability into the cylinder as a result of this
fuel is not completely burned and ends into smoke
and PM emission due to retarded injection timing
some of the Particulate matter is oxidized during
exhaust stroke but the amount of oxidation of fuel is
very less.
113 | P a g e
4. Shivpoojan Kathait Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 3), January 2014, pp.111-114
www.ijera.com
0.7
0.3
0.6
0.25
CPCB II Limits
0.2
CPCB II Limits
0.5
0.4
0.15
Baseline Results
0.1
Baseline Results
0.3
0.2
0.05
Optimized Results
0
Optimized Results
0.1
0
PM(g/kWh)
Fig. PM Emission Limits
Smoke (m-1)
Fig. Smoke Emission Limits
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