This document provides an overview of planning, design, and construction considerations for high-rise buildings. It discusses types of building construction and foundations. RCC framed structures are generally used for taller buildings. Planning involves subsoil exploration and determining suitable foundation types. Design considerations include structural analysis and proportioning members. Construction involves formwork, reinforcement, concrete mixing and placing, and curing. The document also outlines electrical, plumbing, fire safety, and air conditioning systems for high-rise buildings.
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
Video Lecture: https://youtu.be/zoj6DYMvg2I
Structural System in High Rise building or Tall Building
Emporis standards-
“A multi-story structure between 35-100 meters tall, or a building of unknown
height from 12-39 floors is termed as high rise.
The International Conference on Fire Safety –
"any structure where the height can have a serious impact on evacuation“
Massachusetts, United States General Laws –
A high-rise is being higher than 70 feet (21 m).
Buildings higher than 100m is termed as skyscraper according to emporis.
Buildings 300m or higher is termed as super tall and buildings 600m or taller is termed as mega-tall.
Definition,
functions,
types of foundations,
foundation loads,
selection criteria for foundations based on soil conditions,
bearing capacity of soil,
methods of testing,
method of improving bearing capacity of soil,
settlement of foundations,
precautions against settlement,
shallow and deep foundations,
different types of foundations – wall footing (strip footing), isolated footing, combined footing, raft foundation, pile foundation etc.
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
Video Lecture: https://youtu.be/zoj6DYMvg2I
Structural System in High Rise building or Tall Building
Emporis standards-
“A multi-story structure between 35-100 meters tall, or a building of unknown
height from 12-39 floors is termed as high rise.
The International Conference on Fire Safety –
"any structure where the height can have a serious impact on evacuation“
Massachusetts, United States General Laws –
A high-rise is being higher than 70 feet (21 m).
Buildings higher than 100m is termed as skyscraper according to emporis.
Buildings 300m or higher is termed as super tall and buildings 600m or taller is termed as mega-tall.
Definition,
functions,
types of foundations,
foundation loads,
selection criteria for foundations based on soil conditions,
bearing capacity of soil,
methods of testing,
method of improving bearing capacity of soil,
settlement of foundations,
precautions against settlement,
shallow and deep foundations,
different types of foundations – wall footing (strip footing), isolated footing, combined footing, raft foundation, pile foundation etc.
The entire process of structural planning and design requires not only imagination and conceptual thinking but also sound knowledge of practical aspects, such as recent design codes and bye-laws, backed up by ample experience, institution and judgment.
It is emphasized that any structure to be constructed must satisfy the need efficiency for which it is intended and shall be durable for its desired life span. Thus, the design of any structure is categorizes into following two main types:-
1. Functional design
2. Structural design
Once the form of the structure is selected, the structural design process starts. Structural design is an art and science of understanding the behavior of structural members subjected to loads and designing them with economy and elegance to give a safe, serviceable and durable structure.
A presentation with exhaustive information about the general idea of formwork, the various types, the newest introductions and a comparative study between the conventional and modern-day formwork.
It also includes the study of causes of failure of formwork and the safety measures to be taken for preventing failure.
The bundled tube structure meant that "buildings no longer need be boxlike in appearance: they could become sculpture." Hybrids. Hybrids include a varied category of structures where the basic concept of tube is used, and supplemented by other structural support(s).
framed tube structure
structure tube furniture
structure tube canada
tube structural system
tube structure design
tube frame building kits
tube structure buildings
tube framed buildings
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
analysis and design of mutistoried residential building by using staad pro
we considered g+4 residential building
ANYLYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING BY USING ETABS
copy below Link to view presentation
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/analysis-and-design-of-high-rise-building-by-using-etabs
vamsiila@gmail.com
The entire process of structural planning and design requires not only imagination and conceptual thinking but also sound knowledge of practical aspects, such as recent design codes and bye-laws, backed up by ample experience, institution and judgment.
It is emphasized that any structure to be constructed must satisfy the need efficiency for which it is intended and shall be durable for its desired life span. Thus, the design of any structure is categorizes into following two main types:-
1. Functional design
2. Structural design
Once the form of the structure is selected, the structural design process starts. Structural design is an art and science of understanding the behavior of structural members subjected to loads and designing them with economy and elegance to give a safe, serviceable and durable structure.
A presentation with exhaustive information about the general idea of formwork, the various types, the newest introductions and a comparative study between the conventional and modern-day formwork.
It also includes the study of causes of failure of formwork and the safety measures to be taken for preventing failure.
The bundled tube structure meant that "buildings no longer need be boxlike in appearance: they could become sculpture." Hybrids. Hybrids include a varied category of structures where the basic concept of tube is used, and supplemented by other structural support(s).
framed tube structure
structure tube furniture
structure tube canada
tube structural system
tube structure design
tube frame building kits
tube structure buildings
tube framed buildings
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
analysis and design of mutistoried residential building by using staad pro
we considered g+4 residential building
ANYLYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING BY USING ETABS
copy below Link to view presentation
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/analysis-and-design-of-high-rise-building-by-using-etabs
vamsiila@gmail.com
A report format presentation of earthquake-resistance construction techniques, stressing upon the relevance of such techniques in the architecture industry.
• Understand and explain why high-rise buildings present a difficult and different fire problem for firefighters, including the unique fire behavior problems that may be encountered in a high-rise fire
• Recognize the difference in construction methods of high-rise buildings and explain how different construction materials and designs impact fire behavior in these buildings
• Describe the fire fighting strategies and tactics used to locate, confine, and extinguish high-rise fires
• Describe the special problems that may be encountered on high-rise fires such as communications issues, the stack effect, ventilation concerns, evacuation issues, and elevator control
• Describe and explain the purpose of the special fire protection equipment which may be found in high-rise buildings
• Describe when a stairwell support system may be needed
first i need cover page and introductuon table of content and refrneces answer all questions
Instructions:
Engineering Essay on Construction Technology
Harvard Citation Style
10 pages
7 Sources
1. AN OVER VIEW OF
THE HIGH RISE
BUILDINGS
BY
N.KRISHNAM RAJU
ADVISOR TO APHB
2. Introduction
In Metropolitan Cities , where the pressure on land
is rapidly Increasing due to rapid growth of
industry and trend towards Urbanization, vertical
expansion is the only answer.
Multi storeyed buildings lead to greater co
ordination Between various departments and their
efficient functioning.
General principles of planning and design of multi
storeyed have been discussed.
3. Generally Building Construction
is Classified as :
1. Load Bearing
2. RCC Framed
3. Composite Structure
What is a Project ?
In simple term project is one temporary activity with a
clear start and a end
4. The main elements are
1. Time
2. Cost
3. Resources
4. Clear roles and responsibility
5. Delivery
Detailed Design :
1. Develop detailed design from approved scheme
design.
2. Detailed design will confirm type of construction,
quality of materials and standard of workmanship.
5. Specifications :
Prepare detailed information including
Drawing Schedules
Specification of Materials
Workmanship
6. Design :
1. Evaluation of design requirements
2. Review of compatibility of the design with the plan and
budget.
3. Identification of design objectives, design stages, activities
and elements.
4. Regular Monitoring of the design development.
5. Identification of proposed design changes and their
resolution.
6. Assessment of design progress related to the design
schedule.
7. Evaluation of as to the completeness of construction
information.
8. Review of sample materials and mock ups for compliance
with specifications.
9. Identification and arrangement of the final standard of
acceptance of the construction..
8. The Main components of Buildings are :
1. Earth Work :
1. Excavation of Foundation.
2. Filling in Foundation
3. Filling in Basement.
4. Open and Pile Foundation
2. Section : Concrete
3. Section : Brick masonry / Stone masonry
4. Section : Flooring
5. Section : Roofing and Ceiling
6. Section : Plastering, Painting.
7. Section : Wood Work
8. Section : Structural Steel Work.
9. Plumbing Services.
10.Miscellanies.
15. RCC Frame Structures :
1. Generally buildings are constructed in two categories.
2. Framed Structure usually built with column and beam and
in filled brick walls.
3. Load bearing structure is usually built with 1 ½ brick thick
both for external and internal walls.
The Design of a structure presents two told problems :
1. If has to be so constructed that it serves the need
efficiently for which it was intended (Functional design)
2. It has to be strong enough to resist the loads and forces to
which it is subjected during its service (Structure design)
16. The important aspects in the structural design are
1. To determine the loads / forces which the frame
work will be required to support.
2. Selection of a suitable structural arrangement
and materials of construction.
3. Analyzing the internal stresses in the frame
work.
4. Proportioning the members of the frame work.
17. General Design Consideration :
1. Aim Design :
To provide a safe and economic structure
complying to the users requirement.
2.Method of Design :
Structure and structural elements shall normally
be designed by limit state method.
Mix design with suitable materials, quality
control, adequate detailing and good super vision
are equally important.
18. 3. Durability, Workmanship and Materials :
1. Quality of concrete, steel, other materials,
workmanship, should be adequate for safety,
serviceability and durability.
Type of Construction
1. Load bearing (up to 1 or 2 floor)
2. Reinforced frame (RCC)
3. Composite construction For High rise
structures
4. Steel framed construction
5. Concrete walls (shear walls) structures.
19. 4. Choice of mix
Based on the No. of floors and flexural stresses
for Beam, slabs and footing and predominant
stress in compression for column members.
5. Preliminary design of RCC frame :
For fixing up of tentaive sizes of members of the
frame.
6. Detailed design of RCC Frame :
By adopting loads & stresses including seismic
forces, giving sectional properties and material
properties,. Analysis and design of entire framed
structure can be evaluated
20. FOUNDATIONS
Sub Soil Exploration and Sampling
Adequate knowledge of the sub soil characteristics
for safe and efficient design of foundation.
The basic aim of a sub soil exploration is to obtain
the strata grapy and physical properties of the soils
underlying the site.
Location of ground water level.
21. Methods of Tests :
1. Open Test : Suitable for shallow depth.
2. Boring : Suitable for deep exploration
(like tube, Augur borings)
3. Sub surface sounding.
22. Geophysical Methods.
1. The samples collected should represent the nature of
subsoil.
2. S.B.C. of soils shall be arrived based on shear
parameters as per the relevant IS Code – 6403 – 1981.
3. Also necessary to conduct standard penetration test
(or) plate bearing test to assess the safe pressure with
regard to settlement.
4. The settlement aspect is to be examined carefully in
the case of clayey soils.
23. Foundations :
Depth of foundation is to be decided based on the
soil strata from the trial pits / explorations
conducted.
Foundation are normally placed below the ground
surface.
The purpose of providing a foundation is to
distribute the load over a layer area at a uniform
rate so that the pressure does not exceed the
allowable bearing capacity of soil below :
24. Objects of Foundations :
Foundations are provided for the following
purposes.
1. To distribute the total load coming on the structure
on a large area so as to bring down the intensity of
load at its base below the safe bearing capacity of the
sub – soil.
2. To support the structure.
3. To give enough lateral stability to the structures
against wind, rain, earthquake, etc.
4. To prepare a level and hard surface for concreting
and masonry work.
25. 5. To transmit the superimposed loads through side
friction and end bearing in case of deep
foundation
6. To distribute the non-uniform load of the
superstructure evenly to the sub-soil.
7. To provide structural safety against undermining
or scouring due to animals, flood water etc.,
8. To prevent or minimize cracks due to movement
of moisture in case of weak or poor soils.
26. Foundation :
1. Engineers need to know the character and
magnitude of forces in order to design and
contact structures.
2. One has to study the system of soil below the
earth surface at various levels under ground
depending upon the past experience.
3. Repairs to foundations are expensive. Structures
should be founded an stable soils.
4. Certain soil deposits wherein wetting of the soil
beyond a stress level causes steep reduction in
stiffness resulting from disruption of soil
structure.
27. 5. Subject to rate of loading, disruption in soil
structure takes place at a faster pace than the
development of new structural bonds which
Leeds to vertical deformation at locations of
high stress due to disturbance of soil structures.
6. Problems associated with foundation in clay
soils are well known.
7. Swelling clays create large uplift forces on the
peripheral walls during rainy season. A reverse
situation may arise at region of moderate
rainfall when the central region of a building
founded on clay soil is prone to swelling during
dry spells.
28. A. Differential settlement due to
unconsolidated fill.
B. Differential settlement due to uplift of
shrinkage soil, shrink and expand with
changes in moisture content.
C. Vertical and diagonal cracker are noticed
on external walls.
8. The problem of dampness in buildings requires a systematic
approach to determine the causes of leakage, the source
from which the moisture is derived and measured which are
likely to prove effect ion.
32. CONCRETE
Grades : The Concrete shall be designated as follows :
Group Grade
(1) (2)
Ordinary M 10
Concrete M 15
M 20
Standard Concrete M25, M 55
High Strength M60, M 65
Concrete M 70, M 75, M 80
Note
In the Designation of Concrete M refer to mix and the number
to specify compressive strength of 150 MM size cube at 28 days
expressed as N/mm2
33. Workability Of Concrete :
The concrete shall be of adequate workability for the
placing condition of concrete and can be properly
compacted.
How to Achieve Durable Structures :
1. The structure should also be designed for
environment loads and detailing done.
2. Selection of construction materials.
3. Concrete should be impermeable.
4. Good construction practices should be followed.
5. Planned maintenance.
6. Proper specifications.
34. Durability of Concrete :
1. The materials and mix proportion specified and
used should be such as to maintain in integrity to
protect embedded steel from corrosion.
2 One of the main characteristics Influencing the
durability of concrete is the permeability to the
ingress of Water, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and
Other Deleterious Substances.
3 Impermeability is governed by the constituents
and workability used in making the concrete
35. Factors Influencing Durability :
(a) Environment
(b) Cover to embedded steel
(c) Type and quality of material used
(d) Cement content / W.C.R. of concrete
(e) Workmanship to obtain full compaction
and
efficient curing
(f) Shape and size of the member
37. Production of Concrete :
1. Quality assurance measures are both technical and
organizational. The job of quality control and
quality assurance would involve quality audit of
both inputs as well as outputs.
Inputs Outputs
Material for Concrete – Concrete in
Place
Workmanship in all
Stages of Batching, Mixing,
Transportation, Placing,
Compaction, Curing etc.,
38. Batching :
In Batching Concrete, quantity of both cement and
aggregates shall be determined by mass.
R.M.C. :
As per IS 4926
Volume batching may be allowed only where weigh
batching is not practical.
39. Form Work:
1. The form work shall be designed and constructed so as to
remain sufficiently rigid during placing and compaction of
Concrete and to prevent loss of slurry from the concrete.
2. For details regarding design, detailing etc., reference may be
as per IS 14687
3. Cleaning and treatment of form work
The face of form work in contact with concrete shall be
cleaned and treated with form release agent.
4. Stripping time
Form shall not be released until the concrete has achieved a
strength of at least twice the stress to which the concrete may
be subjected at the time of removal form work. Details may be
as per IS 456 – 2000.
40.
41. Assembly of Reinforcement :
1 Reinforcement shall be bent and fixed in
accordance with procedure (specified in IS
2502)
2 Bar bending schedule shall be prepared for
all reinforcement work.
3 Reinforcement shall be placed and
maintained in the position shown in the
drawings by providing proper cover blocks,
42. Welded Joints :
In reinforcement may be used in accordance with IS
2751 and IS 9417.
Placing Compaction :
1. The concrete shall be placed and compacted before
initial setting of concrete commences and shall not
be subsequently disturbed.
2. Concrete shall be compacted using mechanical
vibration complying with IS 2505, IS 2506, IS 2514
and IS 4656.
3. Over vibration and under vibration of concrete are
43. Expansion Joints :
To allow variations in
temperature, expansion joints
in Frames are essential,
normally @ 45meters length be
provided.
46. Construction Joints :
1. To comply with IS 11817 to be provided at
accessible location to permit cleaning.
Curing :
1 Curing is the process of preventing the loss
of moisture from concrete.
2 The prevention of moisture loss from
concrete is particularly important if the
water cement ratio is low.
47. CONSTRUCTION JOINT IN FOOTING
- INDICATES DIRECTION OF CONCRETING
PROVISION OF KICKER IS OPTIONAL
51. CONSTRUCTION JOINT AT
BEAM - COLUMN
JUNCTION
- PERMITTED ONLY WHEN
CONCRETING OF
TAKEN UP IMMEDIATELY
AFTER CONCRETING
- INDICATES DIRECTION
OF CONCRETING
A
B
53. PERMITTED ONLY WHEN
1. SHEAR RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE IS NEGLECTED.
2. INTERFACE TREATED AS HIGH IN THE DESIGNS AND
3. ADEQUATE DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF
PROTRUDING REINFORCING BARS ENSURED.
- INDICATES DIRECTION OF CONCRETING
CONSTRUCTION JOINT AT
BEAM - COLUMN
JUNCTION
55. CROSS SECTION - TYPICAL
Contd…
TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION JOINT IN
ONE-WAY SLAB
56. 1. Moist Curing :
Exposed surfaces of concrete shall be kept
continuously in a damp or wet condition by
ponding or by covering with a layer of sacking,
Canvas etc., for at least 7 days from the date of
placing of concrete in case OPC and 10 days where
mineral admixture / blended cement are used shall
not be less than 10 days for concrete exposed to dry
and hot weather condition
57. 2. Membrane Curing :
Approved curing compound may be used in lieu of
moist curing. Impermeable membrane such as poly
ethylene sheet covering closely the concrete surface
may be used to provide effective barrier against
evaporation.
3. Supervision :
Constant and strict supervision of all the items of
construction is necessary during progress of work.
58. WALLS :
External Walls :
In framed construction, the function of external
filler wall is to provide adequate weather
protection.
Internal Partition Walls :
The Function of Internal Walls is to divide Floor
space.
External Finishing
1. Generally framed construction with brick filler
walls the external plastering is likely. to crack at
Junction of RCC and masonry work.
2. Better to provide chicken mesh at Junction for
producing effective bond.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64. I. Water Supply in Multi Storage Building
Water Supply for :
1. Drinking purpose .
2. Water Closets, Wash Basin.
3. Kitchen, Canteen
4.Fire Fighting
5. Air Conditioning
6.Horticulture Purpose.
65. II. Sanitary Installation
A Common shaft should be provided for taking all
water supply drainage, soil and vent pipes from all
water closet room.
Sanitary installation should be provided as per IS1172.
III. Drainage Problems :
In Multi Storeyed Building
A. Drainage of the roof
B. Drainage of Basement
C. Water Proofing of roofs
D. Planning for materials
E. Norms for room
66. IV. Air Conditioning of High Rise Buildings
Two Main Types of Air Conditioning Plant.
1. Evaporation Type :
Work on principle of evaporative cooling.
2. Refrigeration Type :
Producing rigid Controlled condition of
temperature, humidity.
67. V. Electrical Lift
Number and location of lifts have to be fixed
according to functional requirement of building.
Medium Speed : For 6 to 10 Stages.
High Speed : For taller Building.
Details of lift, dimension of lift wall, Lift pit,
Machine room have to be essential.
68. VI. Fire Safety in Multi Storyed Office Buildings :
a. Fire hazard is a a major problem.
b. Niches should be provided on all floors to
house the fire fighting equipment.
c. Automatic fire extinguisher devises to be
installed; including in door hydrant on each
floor.
d. Hydrant should be centrally located.
e. Automatic fire alarm systems are necessary
for safe evacuation of the population.
69. VI. Fire Escapes (IS 1644) :
To assist in quick evacuation of the
population of building when on fire.
Types of Constructions :
a. Fire Escape
b. Spiral stairs
C. Ladders
70. C. Ladders
1. All types should be mounted on the
outside of building and have direct
connection with ground.
2. Materials used to conform IS 1642.
3. Entrances to external escapes should
be quite separate.
4. Route to External Escape should be
free from any obstruction.