This document describes a semester project on pre-engineered steel buildings completed by Gursharan Singh from June to December 2007. It provides background on pre-engineered buildings and discusses their components, applications, advantages over conventional construction, and design optimization work done as part of the project, including varying frame dimensions and loads. The project involved detailed literature review and design of pre-engineered building frames.

1. PROJECT SEMESTERPROJECT SEMESTER
JUNE-DECEMBER 2007JUNE-DECEMBER 2007
BY GURSHARAN SINGHBY GURSHARAN SINGH
10552021055202

2. ERA BUILDING SYSTEMS LTD., NOIDA
PRE ENGINEERED
STEEL BUILDINGS
Concept , Design
&
Construction

3. ERA GroupERA Group
Era Infra Engineering Ltd.Era Infra Engineering Ltd.
Era Building System Ltd.Era Building System Ltd.
Era E-Zone (India) Ltd.Era E-Zone (India) Ltd.
Era Landmarks (India) Ltd.Era Landmarks (India) Ltd.

4. PRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGSPRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS
 Tailor made building based on
client’s requirement & actual
design calculations using tapered
sections.
 A combination of built up section,
hot rolled section, cold formed
elements and profiled sheets
 Designing and casting is done in
factory
 Building components are brought
to site
 Then fixed/jointed at the site
 All connections are bolted.

5.  Steel was very expensive item in USASteel was very expensive item in USA
 The concept of PEB originate from here.The concept of PEB originate from here.
 The idea was that section should be provided as perThe idea was that section should be provided as per
B.M.D.B.M.D.
 This lead to the saving in steel and development of PEBThis lead to the saving in steel and development of PEB
concept.concept.
BRIEF HISTORYBRIEF HISTORY

6. APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS
 Industrial BuildingsIndustrial Buildings
 WarehousesWarehouses
 Commercial ComplexesCommercial Complexes
 ShowroomsShowrooms
 OfficesOffices
 SchoolsSchools
 Indoor StadiumsIndoor Stadiums
 Outdoor Stadiums with canopiesOutdoor Stadiums with canopies
 Gas StationsGas Stations
 Metro Stations, Bus Terminals, Parking LotsMetro Stations, Bus Terminals, Parking Lots
 Primary Health Centers, Angan wadi’sPrimary Health Centers, Angan wadi’s
 And many more…And many more…
P E BP E B

7. CONT….CONT….
Industrial BuildingIndustrial Building
P E BP E B
Parking lotsParking lots
Indoor StadiumsIndoor Stadiums
Railway StationRailway Station

8. Aircraft HangarsAircraft Hangars
P E BP E B
Metro StationMetro Station
Wear houseWear house High rise BuildingHigh rise Building

9. ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
 Aesthetic AppealAesthetic Appeal
 Faster CompletionFaster Completion
 EconomicalEconomical
 Seismic ResistanceSeismic Resistance
 Ease of ExpansionEase of Expansion
 Maintenance FreeMaintenance Free
 Large Clear SpansLarge Clear Spans
 Controlled QualityControlled Quality
 Hassle FreeHassle Free
P E BP E B

10.  Self weightSelf weight
 30% lighter30% lighter
 Primary Member isPrimary Member is
tapered sectiontapered section
 Secondary membersSecondary members
are light weight rolledare light weight rolled
framed “Z” and “C”framed “Z” and “C”
sectionsection
 Self weightSelf weight
 More heavyMore heavy
 Primary members arePrimary members are
Hot rolled “I” sectionHot rolled “I” section
 Secondary membersSecondary members
are “I” or “C” sectionare “I” or “C” section
which are heavy inwhich are heavy in
weight.weight.

11.  Delivery – average 6 to 8Delivery – average 6 to 8
weeksweeks
 Foundation-simpleFoundation-simple
design, easy to constructdesign, easy to construct
& light wt.& light wt.
 Erection cost and time-Erection cost and time-
accurately knownaccurately known
 Erection process is easy,Erection process is easy,
fast, step by stepfast, step by step
 Delivery- average 20 to 26Delivery- average 20 to 26
weeksweeks
 Foundation- expensive,Foundation- expensive,
heavy foundationheavy foundation
required.required.
 Erection cost and time-Erection cost and time-
20% more than PEB20% more than PEB
 Erection process is slowErection process is slow
and extensive field laborand extensive field labor
is required.is required.

12.  Seismic Resistance- lowSeismic Resistance- low
weight flexible framesweight flexible frames
offer higher resistance tooffer higher resistance to
seismic forcesseismic forces
 Overall price -30%lowerOverall price -30%lower
 architecture-achieved atarchitecture-achieved at
low castlow cast
 Seismic Resistance- rigidSeismic Resistance- rigid
heavy weight structuresheavy weight structures
do not perform well indo not perform well in
seismic zonesseismic zones
 Overall price - HigherOverall price - Higher
Price per square meter.Price per square meter.
 Architecture- achieved atArchitecture- achieved at
higher costhigher cost

13. COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS
 Main FrameMain Frame

Primary MembersPrimary Members
 ColumnsColumns
 RaftersRafters

SecondarySecondary
MembersMembers
 PurlinsPurlins
 GirtsGirts
P E BP E B
 SheetingSheeting
 RoofRoof
 WallWall
 Fascias etcFascias etc
 AccessoriesAccessories
 VentilatorsVentilators
 Sky LightsSky Lights
 Misc.Misc.

15. OTHER MAJOR COMPONENTS OF PEB
CRANE BRACKETS &
BEAMS
MEZZANINE
FLOORS
STRUCTURAL
PARTIONS
FASCIAS CANOPIES

16. Work doneWork done
 DetailDetail Literatrue studyLiteratrue study
 Optimaztion of frameOptimaztion of frame
 J-286, Thermax Limited at VadodaraJ-286, Thermax Limited at Vadodara
 J-327, Sub Station L & T SuratJ-327, Sub Station L & T Surat
 J-275-302 Hazira, SuratJ-275-302 Hazira, Surat
 J-273 L & T Talegaon, Pune.J-273 L & T Talegaon, Pune.
 Plant VisitPlant Visit
 Site VisitSite Visit

17. DESIGN ISSUESDESIGN ISSUES
 STRUCTURAL PLANNINGSTRUCTURAL PLANNING
 FRAME CONFIGURATIONSFRAME CONFIGURATIONS
 TYPES OF LOADS & ASSESSMENTTYPES OF LOADS & ASSESSMENT
 END CONDITIONSEND CONDITIONS
 CRANESCRANES
 MEZANINESMEZANINES
 LOAD COMBINATIONSLOAD COMBINATIONS

20. Load 1
X
Y
Z
PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS NOMENCLATURE –PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS NOMENCLATURE –
STANDARD FRAMING SYSTEMSSTANDARD FRAMING SYSTEMS
TCCS = TAPERED COLUMN CLEAR SPAN
Load 1
X
Y
Z
TCMS-1 TAPERED COLUMN MULTI-SPAN WITH 1
INTERMEDIATE COLUMN.

21. Load 1
SSCS = SINGLE SLOPE CLEAR SPAN.
Load 1
X
Y
Z
SSMS-1= SINGLE SLOPE MULTI-SPAN WITH 1
INTERMEDIATE COLUMN

22. GUIDELINES FOR PEB DESIGN AT PROPOSAL
STAGE
 ALL DESIGNS SHALL BE AS PER MBMA AMERICAN
STANDARDS UNLESS CLIENT SPECIFIES AS PER IS
CODE
 LIVE LOAD AS PER AMERICAN CODE = 0.57
KN/M^2 AND AS PER IS CODE = 0.75 KN/M^2.
(REDUCTION IN LIVE LOAD TO BE INCORPORATED
FOR BUILDINGS HAVING HIGHER SLOPES)
 AS PER AMERICAN CODE :HORIZONTAL
DEFLECTION = L/180 & VERTICAL
DEFLECTION=Eh/100 FOR MAIN FRAMES.
 WIND TERRAIN CATEGORY 3 IS TO BE SELECTED
UNLESS MORE DATA IS AVAILABLE.

23. CONTD……
 IN AMERICAN DESIGN , WIND COEFFICIENTS TO BE
FOLLOWED AS GIVEN IN MBMA.
 IN IS DESIGN, INTERNAL & EXTERNAL BUILDING
WIND COEFFICIENTS AS PER IS -875 (PART-3).
 GENERALLY BUILDINGS ARE TO BE DESIGNED AS
PINNED EXCEPT FOR BUILDING SPAN >30M OR
CRANE CAPACITY OF MORE THAN 5 TONS OR
HEIGHT GREATER THAN 9 M
 STANDARD PURLIN LAPS SHOULD BE 385 mm

24. Optimisation of frameOptimisation of frame
 Basic FrameBasic Frame
• Width of the frame = 20 mWidth of the frame = 20 m
• Height of the frame = 6 mHeight of the frame = 6 m
• Length of the frame = 70 mLength of the frame = 70 m
• Bay spacing l = 7 mBay spacing l = 7 m
• Slop of roof i= 1:10Slop of roof i= 1:10
• Wind speed v = 43 m/sWind speed v = 43 m/s
• Seismic zone = 4Seismic zone = 4

25. Varying of Width of FrameVarying of Width of Frame
Only Primary Frame
Design Purline 250 X 2.5 mm2
Spacing-1.5
7.67 kg/m
Design Girt 200X1.75
mm2
Spacing-1.5
6.09 kg/m

26. Varying Height and widthVarying Height and width
Design Purline 250 X 2.5 mm2
Spacing-1.5
7.67 kg/m
Spacing-1.5
Design Girt 250X2.0 mm2
Spacing-1.5
6.09 kg/m
Spacing-1.5
Only Primary Frame

27. Varying Bay length with HeightVarying Bay length with Height
Heigth-6 Heigth-8 Heigth-9
Purline Girt Purline Girt Purline Girt
6 Z 200X1.75
Spacing-1.5
Z 200X1.75
Spacing-1.5
Z 200X1.75
Spacing-1.5
Z 200X1.75
Spacing-1.5
Z 200X1.75
Spacing-1.5
Z 200X1.75
Spacing-1.5
7 Z 250X 2.0
Spacing-1.5
Z 250X1.75
Spacing-1.35
Z 250X 2.0
Spacing-1.5
Z 250X1.75
Spacing-1.35
Z 250X 2.0
Spacing-1.5
Z 250X1.75
Spacing-1.35
8 Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
9 C250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.4
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.35
C250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.4
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.35
C250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.4
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.35
10 C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.0
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.0
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.0
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.0
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.0
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.0
Total weight of Frame, Purline and Girt

28. Varying bay length with widthVarying bay length with width
Heigth-6 Heigth-8 Heigth-9
Purline Girt Purline Girt Purline Girt
6 Z 200X1.75
Spacing-1.5
Z 200X1.75
Spacing-1.5
Z 200X1.75
Spacing-1.5
Z 200X1.75
Spacing-1.5
Z 200X1.75
Spacing-1.5
Z 200X1.75
Spacing-1.5
7 Z 250X 2.0
Spacing-1.5
Z 250X1.75
Spacing-1.35
Z 250X 2.0
Spacing-1.5
Z 250X1.75
Spacing-1.35
Z 250X 2.0
Spacing-1.5
Z 250X1.75
Spacing-1.35
8 Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
9 C250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.4
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.35
C250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.4
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.35
C250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.4
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.35
10 C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.0
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.0
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.0
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.0
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.0
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.0
Total weight of Frame, Purline and Girt

29. Varying wind speed with widthVarying wind speed with widthwind Width-20m Width-35
speed Purline Girt Purline Girt
33 Z 200 X 1.75
Spacing-1.5
Z 200X1.75
Spacing-1.5
Z 200 X 1.75
Spacing-1.5
Z 200X1.75
Spacing-1.5
39 Z 200 X 2.0
Spacing-1.5
Z 200X2.0
Spacing-1.5
Z 200 X 2.0
Spacing-1.5
Z 200X2.0
Spacing-1.5
43 Z 250 X 2
Spacing-1.5
Z 250X2.0
Spacing-1.4
Z 250 X 2
Spacing-1.5
Z 250X2.0
Spacing-1.4
47 Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250X2.0
Spacing-1.45
Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250X2.0
Spacing-1.45
50 Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Z 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
55 C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.35
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.35
C 250 X 2.5
Spacing-1.5
Total weight of Frame, Purline and Girt

30. Steps of DesignSteps of Design
 Wind load calculationWind load calculation
 Purline DesignPurline Design
 Girt DesignGirt Design
 Design of Main FrameDesign of Main Frame
 Base PlateBase Plate
 Anchor Bolt design for Moment ConditionAnchor Bolt design for Moment Condition
 Anchor Bolt design for Shear ConditionAnchor Bolt design for Shear Condition
 Gable column designGable column design
 Design of connection plateDesign of connection plate
 Cranes DesignCranes Design

31. J-268 Thermax LimitedJ-268 Thermax Limited
VadodaraVadodara

32. Full PlanFull Plan

33. Plan of Phase 1Plan of Phase 1

34. Frame X-sectionFrame X-section

35. Wind load calculationWind load calculation

36. PURLIN

37. Base plate

38. Plant visit
at
Pant Nagar

39. PROCESSESPROCESSES
PEB
BUILT UP LINE COLD FORM LINE SHEETING
PRIMARY
MEMBERS
CKD
C & Z PURLINS
LINE
HR SECTIONS
&
MISCELLANEOUS
PARTS
ROOF & WALL
SHEETING
GUTTER,
FLASHINGS,
TRIMS, ETC
CKD CKD CKD ACCESSORIES
SHIPMENT
P E BP E B

41. Site visit
at
PANT NAGAR

42. ERECTION SYSTEMERECTION SYSTEM
 UNDERSTANDING THE ENGINEERINGUNDERSTANDING THE ENGINEERING
DOCUMENTS.DOCUMENTS.
1.1. Anchor Bolt Setting PlanAnchor Bolt Setting Plan
2.2. Cross sectionCross section
3.3. Roof framing planRoof framing plan
4.4. Roof sheeting & framingRoof sheeting & framing
5.5. Sidewall sheeting & framingSidewall sheeting & framing
6.6. Other drawingsOther drawings
7.7. Bill of materialsBill of materials

43. CONTD…CONTD…
 Preparation for ErectionPreparation for Erection
1.1. Pre Erection checksPre Erection checks
2.2. Receiving Materials at siteReceiving Materials at site
3.3. Unloading ContainersUnloading Containers
 Erection of the FramingErection of the Framing
1.1. Preparation of the First BayPreparation of the First Bay
2.2. Main framesMain frames
3.3. Mezzanine floorsMezzanine floors
4.4. Crane BeamsCrane Beams

44. CONTD….CONTD….
Sheeting & TrimmingSheeting & Trimming
 Sheeting preparationSheeting preparation
 Sheeting the wallsSheeting the walls
 Sheeting the roofsSheeting the roofs
 Miscellaneous trimmingsMiscellaneous trimmings
 FasciaFascia