This document discusses the design of reinforced cement concrete structures. It covers the course contents which include the introduction, design methods, limit state design for beams and slabs, columns and footings, and miscellaneous structures. The introduction section discusses the limitations of plain concrete including its weakness in tension. It also covers the properties of reinforcement and concrete needed for analysis of forces and stresses in reinforced concrete structures.

1. Design of Reinforced Cement
Concrete Structure
(3-2-1)

2. Course Contents
1. Introduction
2. Design Methods
3. Limit state Design for Beam and Slabs
4. Limit State Design for Columns and Footings
5. Design and Detailing of Miscellaneous Structure

3. Introduction
1.1 Limitation of Plain Concrete
1.2 Properties of Reinforcement and concrete
1.3 Analysis of forces and stresses in reinforced concrete structure

4. 1.1 Limitation of Plain Concrete

7. Limitations of PCC
The concrete without steel bars (reinforcement) is called plain concrete
or simply concrete.
1. it is strong in compression but it is weak in tension
2. Its tensile strength is approximately one tenth of its compressive
strength
3. use of the plain concrete is limited to situation where the tensile
strength is not developed like in block wall construction, dam
construction
4. If situation is developed to use in tensile part also, concrete is
strengthened by steel bars forming a composite construction called
Reinforced Cement Concrete.

8. Properties:
1. Strength: Concrete must be able to bear the desired stresses within the
permissible factor of safety. But on the other hand, it should not be
uneconomical which means it should not be stronger than required.
2. Workability: It is the property which determines the ease and
homogeneity with which it can be mixed, placed compacted and
finished. A workable concrete should not show any segregation or
bleeding.
3. Durability: It is the resistance of aggregates to chemically
disintegrating forces. Concrete must be durable with respect to
temperature, humidity variations, chemical attack and action of
atmospheric gases.

9. • Modulus of elasticity of Concrete
• Compressive stress or strength
• Tensile strength of concrete
• Shear stress in concrete
• Creep
• Shrinkage
• Stress strain behavior of concrete

10. Stages of Design Process:
•Structural Planning
•Preliminary Design
•Modeling of the Structure
and loads

11. Notes:
• The popularity of concrete is due to easily available ingredient
materials and easy work and to meet the demands of any particular
situation.
• It is highly durable and resistant to water, easy to cast into variety of
shape and size and easily available material
• The advanced concrete technology helps to use locally available
materials in proper workmanship, so as to produce concrete
satisfying performance requirements.