Pre-engineered buildings use tapered steel frames with varying thicknesses to optimize material usage, reducing weight by 30% compared to conventional buildings. The frames match internal stress diagrams. Secondary "Z" shaped members in pre-engineered buildings are lighter than conventional "I" or "C" shapes and allow for continuous strength when nested. Design and construction of pre-engineered buildings is quicker and more efficient than conventional buildings due to standardization.
A Study On Pre-Engineered Building – A Construction TechniqueIJERA Editor
Steel industry is growing rapidly in almost all the parts of the world. The use of steel structures is not only economical but also eco friendly at the time when there is a threat of global warming. Time being the most important aspect, steel structures (Pre fabricated) is built in very short period and one such example is Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB).This review from the past experiences presents the results of experimental and analytical studies done on Pre Engineered Building. Results show that these structures are economic, reduces construction cost and time, energy efficient and flexibility of expansion.
With more than decades of experience Unique Roof Private limited expertise in manufacturing pre engineered buildings in India as well as different components for a building in detail and assemble them to set up your building in your construction site in timely manner.
A Study On Pre-Engineered Building – A Construction TechniqueIJERA Editor
Steel industry is growing rapidly in almost all the parts of the world. The use of steel structures is not only economical but also eco friendly at the time when there is a threat of global warming. Time being the most important aspect, steel structures (Pre fabricated) is built in very short period and one such example is Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB).This review from the past experiences presents the results of experimental and analytical studies done on Pre Engineered Building. Results show that these structures are economic, reduces construction cost and time, energy efficient and flexibility of expansion.
With more than decades of experience Unique Roof Private limited expertise in manufacturing pre engineered buildings in India as well as different components for a building in detail and assemble them to set up your building in your construction site in timely manner.
Pre Engineered Steel buildings are the fastest systems of modern day construction, an amalgamation of Speed, functionality and durability. These are known for their unique designs, self adhesive nature, and thermal insulation properties. Delta steel provide end-to-end PEB solutions from structural design to installation
Analysis and design of pre engineered building using is 800:2007 and Internat...Pratik R. Atwal
Abstract: In this report, comparison is made between IS800:2007 & International standards. The entire range of preengineered building is studied while doing this comparison. A school building is designed using IS800:2007 & International standards by keeping the loading parameters similar, all the loads are applied accordance with Indian codes. An attempt is made to study the variation in tonnage as per IS800:2007 & International standards & possible reasons for variation in respective results.
Comparative Study of an Industrial Pre Engineered Building with Conventiona...Yogita Kadam
1.To study the concept of Conventional Steel Building.
2.To study the concept of Pre Engineered Building.
3.To prepare a model of P.E.B.
4.To analyze structure using Staad Pro.
5.Comparison between Pre Engineered Building
and Conventional building.
Richa Industries Limited customizes structural steel system for heavy construction and offers design,engineering and construction solution from concept to completion.
Pre Engineered Steel buildings are the fastest systems of modern day construction, an amalgamation of Speed, functionality and durability. These are known for their unique designs, self adhesive nature, and thermal insulation properties. Delta steel provide end-to-end PEB solutions from structural design to installation
Analysis and design of pre engineered building using is 800:2007 and Internat...Pratik R. Atwal
Abstract: In this report, comparison is made between IS800:2007 & International standards. The entire range of preengineered building is studied while doing this comparison. A school building is designed using IS800:2007 & International standards by keeping the loading parameters similar, all the loads are applied accordance with Indian codes. An attempt is made to study the variation in tonnage as per IS800:2007 & International standards & possible reasons for variation in respective results.
Comparative Study of an Industrial Pre Engineered Building with Conventiona...Yogita Kadam
1.To study the concept of Conventional Steel Building.
2.To study the concept of Pre Engineered Building.
3.To prepare a model of P.E.B.
4.To analyze structure using Staad Pro.
5.Comparison between Pre Engineered Building
and Conventional building.
Richa Industries Limited customizes structural steel system for heavy construction and offers design,engineering and construction solution from concept to completion.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Information over different types of Formworks, RMC, Reinforcements and cement types used in the process of Speedy Construction.one way two way slab & waffle slab.
Adapted from IMA IMA EDUCATIONAL CASE JOURNAL VOL. 11, NO..docxkatherncarlyle
Adapted from IMA
IMA EDUCATIONAL CASE JOURNAL VOL. 11, NO. 3, ART. 1, SEPTEMBER 2018
ISSN 1940-204X
Chandler Corp: Choosing the Right Costing Method to Evaluate New Products
Paulette A. Ratliff-Miller
Associate Professor
Grand Valley State University
INTRODUCTION
Over many years, Chandler Corporation has become a profitable business by making
awnings, pavilions, and other types of shade shelters. Most of the customers are
municipalities looking for shelters for state parks or school districts that want covered
walkways for students. Every job is custom, because each customer has different
needs, and each location has different features. Chandler makes products when it
receives an order; it does not produce products for inventory. While a customer might
order multiple units for its site, the durability of the products means that the customer
will not have to reorder replacements for decades.
So, when Ned Beale, the vice president of Sales and Marketing at Chandler, received
a call from a swimming pool retailer in Florida that wanted a continuous supply of
identical shelters, he was excited about the potential sales but a bit unsure as to
whether Chandler could handle the order. The previous week he had gotten a similar
call from a landscaping company inquiring about lattice-covered trellises the company
wanted to incorporate into its landscape designs. He immediately texted Dan Smith, the
CFO of Chandler, requesting a meeting to discuss whether to accept the new orders.
COMPANY BACKGROUND
Chandler Corporation, located in Chandler, Arizona, has been in the business of
manufacturing fixed outdoor shade shelters for more than 30 years. Its customers are
often public agencies (for example, city planners, schools, public parks, and so on), but
they sometimes are landscape architects and designers who are developing outdoor
areas for private customers (such as businesses, daycare centers, homes, and so on).
The products are produced in a wide variety of configurations, including amphitheaters,
pavilions, gazebos, trellises, transit shelters, walkway covers, dugout/bleacher covers,
and fabric shade structures. These are all engineered to the customer’s specification
and are quick to install, which minimizes building time and disruption. Chandler provides
a complete turnkey service from concept to completion with custom products for each
site. The primary value driver is a quality design that can be easily installed on site.
PRODUCTS
Chandler specializes in shelters with tubular metal frames. Because of state and local
building codes and site-specific constraints, Chandler’s products are custom engineered
and made for each location. A typical structure includes a steel frame, roofing, and other
decorative and functional options. The frame consists of columns and supports for the
roof, which can be painted in any color. Columns vary from simple designs, which use
uprights consisting of one rect.
Adapted from IMA IMA EDUCATIONAL CASE JOURNAL VOL. 11, NO..docxdaniahendric
Adapted from IMA
IMA EDUCATIONAL CASE JOURNAL VOL. 11, NO. 3, ART. 1, SEPTEMBER 2018
ISSN 1940-204X
Chandler Corp: Choosing the Right Costing Method to Evaluate New Products
Paulette A. Ratliff-Miller
Associate Professor
Grand Valley State University
INTRODUCTION
Over many years, Chandler Corporation has become a profitable business by making
awnings, pavilions, and other types of shade shelters. Most of the customers are
municipalities looking for shelters for state parks or school districts that want covered
walkways for students. Every job is custom, because each customer has different
needs, and each location has different features. Chandler makes products when it
receives an order; it does not produce products for inventory. While a customer might
order multiple units for its site, the durability of the products means that the customer
will not have to reorder replacements for decades.
So, when Ned Beale, the vice president of Sales and Marketing at Chandler, received
a call from a swimming pool retailer in Florida that wanted a continuous supply of
identical shelters, he was excited about the potential sales but a bit unsure as to
whether Chandler could handle the order. The previous week he had gotten a similar
call from a landscaping company inquiring about lattice-covered trellises the company
wanted to incorporate into its landscape designs. He immediately texted Dan Smith, the
CFO of Chandler, requesting a meeting to discuss whether to accept the new orders.
COMPANY BACKGROUND
Chandler Corporation, located in Chandler, Arizona, has been in the business of
manufacturing fixed outdoor shade shelters for more than 30 years. Its customers are
often public agencies (for example, city planners, schools, public parks, and so on), but
they sometimes are landscape architects and designers who are developing outdoor
areas for private customers (such as businesses, daycare centers, homes, and so on).
The products are produced in a wide variety of configurations, including amphitheaters,
pavilions, gazebos, trellises, transit shelters, walkway covers, dugout/bleacher covers,
and fabric shade structures. These are all engineered to the customer’s specification
and are quick to install, which minimizes building time and disruption. Chandler provides
a complete turnkey service from concept to completion with custom products for each
site. The primary value driver is a quality design that can be easily installed on site.
PRODUCTS
Chandler specializes in shelters with tubular metal frames. Because of state and local
building codes and site-specific constraints, Chandler’s products are custom engineered
and made for each location. A typical structure includes a steel frame, roofing, and other
decorative and functional options. The frame consists of columns and supports for the
roof, which can be painted in any color. Columns vary from simple designs, which use
uprights consisting of one rect ...
1. THE PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDING CONCEPT
The primary framing system
In conventional steel buildings, mill-produced
hot rolled sections (beams and columns)
are used. The size of each member is selected
on the basis of the maximum internal stress in
the member.
Since a hot rolled section has a constant depth,
many parts of the member (represented by the
hatched area), in areas of low internal stresses,
are in excess of design requirements.
Frames of pre-engineered buildings are made
from an extensive inventory of standard steel
plates stocked by the PEB manufacturer. PEB
frames are normally tapered and often have
flanges and webs of variable thicknesses along
the individual members.
The frame geomentry matches the shape of the
internal stress (bending moment) diagram thus
optimizing material usage and reducing the total
weight of the structure.
The secondary framing system
“Z” shaped roof purlins and wall girts are used
for the secondary framing. They are lighter than
the conventional hot-rolled “I” or “C” shaped
sections in conventional steel buildings.
Nesting of the “Z” shaped members at the
frames allows them to act as continuous members
along the length of the building. This doubles
the strength capacity of the “Z” shaped members
at the laps where the maximum internal stresses
normally occur.
Continuous members
Nesting of two purlinsStrength capacity is doubled at the lap
Pre-Engineered Steel Frame
Conventional Steel Frame
PO Box 877 Dammam 31421 Saudi Arabia Phone (966 3) 847 1840 Fax (966 3) 847 1291 saudimarketing@zamilsteel.com
The information contained herein is accurate as of the date of its issue. Zamil Steel reserves the right to make changes, without prior notice, when deemed necessary for the
purpose of product improvement or otherwise. Please contact your nearest Zamil Steel representative for current offering.
www.zamilsteel.com
2. Pre-Engineered Buildings are on the average 30%
lighter through the efficient use of steel. Primary
framing members are tapered (varying depth) built-up
sections, with large depths in the areas of highest
stress.
Secondary members are light gage (light weight) roll-
formed (low labor cost) “Z” or “C” shaped members.
Quick and efficient; since PEBs are mainly formed of
standard sections and connections, design time is
significantly reduced. Basic designs, based on
international design standards and codes, are used
over and over.
Specialized computer analysis and design programs
optimize material required. Drafting is also
computerized using standard details that minimize the
use of project custom details.
Design, shop detail sketches and erection drawings
are supplied free of charge by the manufacturer.
Approval drawings are usually prepared within 2
weeks.
PEB engineers design and detail pre-engineered
buildings almost every day throughout the year
resulting in faster and more efficient designs.
Consultant’s in-house design and drafting time is
considerably reduced, allowing more time for
co-ordination and review, and reduction in design fees.
Average 6 to 8 weeks.
Simple design, easy to construct and light weight.
Since the connections of the components are standard,
the learning curve of erection for each subsequent
project is faster.
Periodic free-of-charge erection support at the site is
usually provided by PEB manufacturers.
Both costs and time of erection are accurately known
based upon extensive experience with similar
buildings.
PEBs are often erected by specialized PEB builders
with extensive experience in the erection of similar
buildings, offering very competitive rates. PEB builders
usually have a stock of standard components, enabling
them to complete jobs on time should any shortage or
site damage occur to materials.
The erection process is easy, fast, step by step and
with hardly any requirement for equipment.
The low-weight flexible frames offer higher resistance
to seismic forces.
Primary steel members are selected from standard hot
rolled “I” sections, which are, in many segments of the
members, heavier than what is actually required by
design. Members have constant cross-sections
regardless of the varying magnitude of the local
(internal) stresses along the member length.
Secondary members are selected from standard hot
rolled “I” or “C” sections, which are heavier.
Each conventional steel structure is designed from
scratch by the Consultant, with fewer design aids
available to the Engineer.
Substantial engineering and detailing work is required
on every project. Generalized computer analysis
programs require extensive input/output and design
alterations.
Extensive amount of consultant time is devoted to
design and drafting, as well as co-ordination and
review, often resulting in a significant expense.
As each project is a separate case, engineers need
more time to develop the designs and details of the
unique structure.
More complicated design, requiring extensive design
and drafting time from Consultants.
Average 20 to 26 weeks.
Extensive, heavy foundations required.
The connections are normally complicated and differ
from project to project, resulting in longer learning
curves of erection for new projects.
Typically, conventional steel buildings are 20% more
expensive than PEB. In most of the cases, the erection
costs and time are not estimated accurately.
Erection is slow and extensive field labor is required.
Heavy equipment is often needed.
Rigid heavy weight structures do not perform well in
seismic zones.
PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL
BUILDINGS (PEBS)
CONVENTIONAL STEEL
BUILDINGS
Structure Weight
Design
Delivery
Foundations
Erection
Simplicity
Erection Cost and
Time
Seismic
Resistance
Price per square meter may be as much as 30% lower
than conventional steel.
Outstanding architectural design can be achieved at
low cost using standard architectural features and
interface details. Traditional wall and fascia materials,
such as concrete, masonry and wood, can be utilized.
Building is supplied complete with cladding and all
accessories, including erection (if desired), from a single
“one stop” source.
PEB manufacturers usually stock a large amount of
basic raw materials that can be flexibly used in many
types of PEB projects.
Change orders are easily accommodated at all stages
of the order fulfillment process. Little or no material is
wasted even if a change order is made after
fabrication starts.
Designed to fit the system with standardized and
interchangeable parts, including pre-designed
flashing and trims. building accessories are mass
produced for economy and are available with the
building. They have been tried in thousands of
existing buildings.
All project records are safely and orderly kept in
electronic format indefinitely, making it easy for the owner
or designer to obtain a copy of his building records at
any time.
Future expansion is simple, easy and cost effective.
One supplier can co-ordinate changes.
Single source of supply results in total responsibility
by one supplier, including design liability. PEB
manufacturers can be relied upon to service their
buildings, long after they are supplied, to protect their
reputation.
All components have been specified and designed
specifically to act together as a system for maximum
efficiency, precise fit, and peak performance in the
field.
Experience with similar buildings, in actual field
conditions worldwide, has resulted in design
improvements over time, which allow dependable
prediction of performance.
Zamil Steel is a global supplier of pre-engineered
buildings to over 75 countries. The company has
acquired extensive experience in the performance of
PEBs in different climatic conditions.
Make ZAMIL STEEL your Global Partner.
Higher price per square meter.
Special architectural design and features must be
developed for each project, which often require
research and thus resulting in much higher costs.
Many sources of supply considerable: project
management time is required to co-ordinate suppliers
and sub-contractors.
Substitution of hot rolled sections, that are infrequently
rolled by mills, is expensive and time consuming.
Change orders that are made, after hot rolled
sections are shipped for fabrication, often result in
redundancies to a lot of hot rolled sections, which
ultimately result in more cost to the enduser.
Every project requires special design for accessories
and special sourcing for each item. Flashing and trims
must be uniquely designed and fabricated.
It would be difficult to obtain project records, after a
long period of time. It is required to contact more
than one party, involved in the project, to obtain
accurate information.
Future expansion would be more difficult and, more
likely, costlier.
Multiple responsibilities can result in questions of who
is responsible when components do not fit properly,
insufficient material is supplied, or materials fail to
perform, particularly at the supplier/contractor
interface. The consultant carries total design liability.
Components are custom designed for a specific
application on a specific job. Design and detailing
errors are possible when assembling the diverse com-
ponents into unique buildings.
Each building design is unique, so prediction of how
components will perform together is uncertain.
Materials which have performed well in some climates
may not do so in other environments.
Normally, suppliers of conventional steel are oriented
to their local markets with experience in local climatic
conditions only.
PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL
BUILDINGS (PEBS)
CONVENTIONAL STEEL
BUILDINGS
Overall
Price
Architecture
Sourcing and
Co-ordination
Cost of Change
Orders
Building
Accessories
Future
Expansions
Safety and
Responsibility
Performance
Global
Experience
3. Pre-Engineered Buildings are on the average 30%
lighter through the efficient use of steel. Primary
framing members are tapered (varying depth) built-up
sections, with large depths in the areas of highest
stress.
Secondary members are light gage (light weight) roll-
formed (low labor cost) “Z” or “C” shaped members.
Quick and efficient; since PEBs are mainly formed of
standard sections and connections, design time is
significantly reduced. Basic designs, based on
international design standards and codes, are used
over and over.
Specialized computer analysis and design programs
optimize material required. Drafting is also
computerized using standard details that minimize the
use of project custom details.
Design, shop detail sketches and erection drawings
are supplied free of charge by the manufacturer.
Approval drawings are usually prepared within 2
weeks.
PEB engineers design and detail pre-engineered
buildings almost every day throughout the year
resulting in faster and more efficient designs.
Consultant’s in-house design and drafting time is
considerably reduced, allowing more time for
co-ordination and review, and reduction in design fees.
Average 6 to 8 weeks.
Simple design, easy to construct and light weight.
Since the connections of the components are standard,
the learning curve of erection for each subsequent
project is faster.
Periodic free-of-charge erection support at the site is
usually provided by PEB manufacturers.
Both costs and time of erection are accurately known
based upon extensive experience with similar
buildings.
PEBs are often erected by specialized PEB builders
with extensive experience in the erection of similar
buildings, offering very competitive rates. PEB builders
usually have a stock of standard components, enabling
them to complete jobs on time should any shortage or
site damage occur to materials.
The erection process is easy, fast, step by step and
with hardly any requirement for equipment.
The low-weight flexible frames offer higher resistance
to seismic forces.
Primary steel members are selected from standard hot
rolled “I” sections, which are, in many segments of the
members, heavier than what is actually required by
design. Members have constant cross-sections
regardless of the varying magnitude of the local
(internal) stresses along the member length.
Secondary members are selected from standard hot
rolled “I” or “C” sections, which are heavier.
Each conventional steel structure is designed from
scratch by the Consultant, with fewer design aids
available to the Engineer.
Substantial engineering and detailing work is required
on every project. Generalized computer analysis
programs require extensive input/output and design
alterations.
Extensive amount of consultant time is devoted to
design and drafting, as well as co-ordination and
review, often resulting in a significant expense.
As each project is a separate case, engineers need
more time to develop the designs and details of the
unique structure.
More complicated design, requiring extensive design
and drafting time from Consultants.
Average 20 to 26 weeks.
Extensive, heavy foundations required.
The connections are normally complicated and differ
from project to project, resulting in longer learning
curves of erection for new projects.
Typically, conventional steel buildings are 20% more
expensive than PEB. In most of the cases, the erection
costs and time are not estimated accurately.
Erection is slow and extensive field labor is required.
Heavy equipment is often needed.
Rigid heavy weight structures do not perform well in
seismic zones.
PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL
BUILDINGS (PEBS)
CONVENTIONAL STEEL
BUILDINGS
Structure Weight
Design
Delivery
Foundations
Erection
Simplicity
Erection Cost and
Time
Seismic
Resistance
Price per square meter may be as much as 30% lower
than conventional steel.
Outstanding architectural design can be achieved at
low cost using standard architectural features and
interface details. Traditional wall and fascia materials,
such as concrete, masonry and wood, can be utilized.
Building is supplied complete with cladding and all
accessories, including erection (if desired), from a single
“one stop” source.
PEB manufacturers usually stock a large amount of
basic raw materials that can be flexibly used in many
types of PEB projects.
Change orders are easily accommodated at all stages
of the order fulfillment process. Little or no material is
wasted even if a change order is made after
fabrication starts.
Designed to fit the system with standardized and
interchangeable parts, including pre-designed
flashing and trims. building accessories are mass
produced for economy and are available with the
building. They have been tried in thousands of
existing buildings.
All project records are safely and orderly kept in
electronic format indefinitely, making it easy for the owner
or designer to obtain a copy of his building records at
any time.
Future expansion is simple, easy and cost effective.
One supplier can co-ordinate changes.
Single source of supply results in total responsibility
by one supplier, including design liability. PEB
manufacturers can be relied upon to service their
buildings, long after they are supplied, to protect their
reputation.
All components have been specified and designed
specifically to act together as a system for maximum
efficiency, precise fit, and peak performance in the
field.
Experience with similar buildings, in actual field
conditions worldwide, has resulted in design
improvements over time, which allow dependable
prediction of performance.
Zamil Steel is a global supplier of pre-engineered
buildings to over 75 countries. The company has
acquired extensive experience in the performance of
PEBs in different climatic conditions.
Make ZAMIL STEEL your Global Partner.
Higher price per square meter.
Special architectural design and features must be
developed for each project, which often require
research and thus resulting in much higher costs.
Many sources of supply considerable: project
management time is required to co-ordinate suppliers
and sub-contractors.
Substitution of hot rolled sections, that are infrequently
rolled by mills, is expensive and time consuming.
Change orders that are made, after hot rolled
sections are shipped for fabrication, often result in
redundancies to a lot of hot rolled sections, which
ultimately result in more cost to the enduser.
Every project requires special design for accessories
and special sourcing for each item. Flashing and trims
must be uniquely designed and fabricated.
It would be difficult to obtain project records, after a
long period of time. It is required to contact more
than one party, involved in the project, to obtain
accurate information.
Future expansion would be more difficult and, more
likely, costlier.
Multiple responsibilities can result in questions of who
is responsible when components do not fit properly,
insufficient material is supplied, or materials fail to
perform, particularly at the supplier/contractor
interface. The consultant carries total design liability.
Components are custom designed for a specific
application on a specific job. Design and detailing
errors are possible when assembling the diverse com-
ponents into unique buildings.
Each building design is unique, so prediction of how
components will perform together is uncertain.
Materials which have performed well in some climates
may not do so in other environments.
Normally, suppliers of conventional steel are oriented
to their local markets with experience in local climatic
conditions only.
PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL
BUILDINGS (PEBS)
CONVENTIONAL STEEL
BUILDINGS
Overall
Price
Architecture
Sourcing and
Co-ordination
Cost of Change
Orders
Building
Accessories
Future
Expansions
Safety and
Responsibility
Performance
Global
Experience
4. THE PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDING CONCEPT
The primary framing system
In conventional steel buildings, mill-produced
hot rolled sections (beams and columns)
are used. The size of each member is selected
on the basis of the maximum internal stress in
the member.
Since a hot rolled section has a constant depth,
many parts of the member (represented by the
hatched area), in areas of low internal stresses,
are in excess of design requirements.
Frames of pre-engineered buildings are made
from an extensive inventory of standard steel
plates stocked by the PEB manufacturer. PEB
frames are normally tapered and often have
flanges and webs of variable thicknesses along
the individual members.
The frame geomentry matches the shape of the
internal stress (bending moment) diagram thus
optimizing material usage and reducing the total
weight of the structure.
The secondary framing system
“Z” shaped roof purlins and wall girts are used
for the secondary framing. They are lighter than
the conventional hot-rolled “I” or “C” shaped
sections in conventional steel buildings.
Nesting of the “Z” shaped members at the
frames allows them to act as continuous members
along the length of the building. This doubles
the strength capacity of the “Z” shaped members
at the laps where the maximum internal stresses
normally occur.
Continuous members
Nesting of two purlinsStrength capacity is doubled at the lap
Pre-Engineered Steel Frame
Conventional Steel Frame
PO Box 877 Dammam 31421 Saudi Arabia Phone (966 3) 847 1840 Fax (966 3) 847 1291 saudimarketing@zamilsteel.com
The information contained herein is accurate as of the date of its issue. Zamil Steel reserves the right to make changes, without prior notice, when deemed necessary for the
purpose of product improvement or otherwise. Please contact your nearest Zamil Steel representative for current offering.
www.zamilsteel.com