An Introduction to Openness in Online Learning
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This document discusses openness in learning and education. It defines key concepts like open learning, open educational resources (OER), MOOCs (massive open online courses), and open access. Open learning aims to remove barriers and provide flexibility for learners. OER are educational materials that can be freely used and shared under open licenses. MOOCs make university-level courses available online to any learner for free. Open access aims to make academic research articles freely available. The document questions how institutions can develop strategies for open education and new models of online learning.
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An Introduction to Openness in Online Learning
- 1. An Introduction to Openness in Learning in a Digital Age Greig Krull 24 July 2014
- 2. The Open Education Movement Open Learning Open Educational Resources MOOCs Open Source Software in Education Open Access Discussion Outline
- 3. • Open learning • Open access • Open education practice • Open educational resources • Open licensing • Open source • Open data Open Sourxe.com CC-BY-SA http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/5535034664/ Adapted from Czerniewicz (2012) CC-BY-SA Openness???
- 4. What does Openness mean? • Reuse the content in its unaltered formReuse • Adapt, adjust, modify, or alter the contentRevise • Combine original or revised content with other content to create something newRemix • Make and share copies of the original content, revisions, or remixes with othersRedistribute
- 5. Why the need for openness?
- 6. The rise of Openness… “The real revolution is that universities, with scarcity at the heart of their business models, are embracing openness” Sir John Daniel (2012)
- 7. What is Open Learning? JISC CC-BY-NC-ND http://www.jisc.ac.uk/events • Remove barriers to learning • Provide students reasonable chance for success • Centred on learner needs • Flexibility and choice over what, when, where and how they learn
- 8. Principles for Open Learning Saide (2012) [CC-BY] Opportunities and capacity for lifelong learning Learner-centred Active engagement leading to independent and critical thinking Flexible provision: Learners increasingly determine where, when, what and how they learn Recognise prior learning and experience Conditions for fair chance of learner success through learner support, contextually appropriate resources and sound pedagogical practices
- 9. Open Educational Resources (OER) “Educational materials and resources offered freely and openly for anyone to use and − under some licenses − to remix, improve and redistribute”
- 10. OER examples include textbooks, videos, podcasts, simulations, websites, course materials and more
- 11. Open Licenses Open licenses allow you to copy and distribute material, without requiring payment or permission
- 12. A Spectrum of Licenses
- 13. Mathieu Plourde CC-BY https://www.flickr.com/photos/mathplourde/10425003764/ What are MOOCs?
- 14. Introduce fields and support for undergraduates Develop skills and introduce topics for postgraduates Special interest topics for postgraduates Continuing education and qualifications Introduce topics with high-profile presenters Deacon, A, Small, J and Walji, S (2014) [CC-BY-SA]
- 15. Course Landscape in Higher Education Deacon, A, Small, J and Walji, S (2014) [CC-BY-SA]
- 16. MOOC Platforms
- 17. Free and Open Source Software • Software distributed along with its source code • Able to use and/or modify the design • Low-cost technology option • Opportunities for educationopensource.com [CC-BY-SA] https://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/4624425596/
- 18. Platforms RSS Content Curation Discussion Groups Blog and Microblog Social Networks Multi- media Sharing Virtual Meeting Rooms Free and Open Source Tools Adapted from: Cavazza, Social Media Landscape [CC-BY-NC-SA] http://www.flickr.com/photos/fredcavazza/2564571564/
- 19. Open Access • Rising prices of academic journals have meant some too expensive to access • Open Access: articles that are freely and openly available for reading, reviewing and distributing derivative works
- 22. 1. Do you have a plan or strategy for open education? JISC CC-BY-NC-ND http://www.jisc.ac.uk/content/resources
- 23. 2. Do you have a plan or strategy for learning technologies or new methods of delivery? Fryer CC-BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/wfryer/7842702898/
- 24. 3. What kind of teachers should we be when learning is mostly open and online? Vanguard Visions [CC-BY] https://www.flickr.com/photos/77018488@N03/9315194075/
- 25. Thank You! This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. greigk@saide.org.za greigk_za Greig Krull
- 26. References • Bates, T and Sangra, A (2011) Managing Technology in Higher Education: Strategies for Transforming Teaching and Learning. John Wiley & Sons. • Butcher, N and Hoosen, S (2014). A Guide to Quality in Post-Traditional Online Higher Education. Academic Partnerships [CC-BY-SA] • Czerniewicz, L. 2012. Open Education: Why it matters to South Africa • Daniel, J (2012). Making Sense of MOOCs: Musings in a Maze of Myth, Paradox and Possibility. Journal of Interactive Media in Education. [CC-BY] • Deacon, A, Small, J and Walji, S (2014). Developing World MOOCs: A workshop on MOOCs in Africa. e/merge Africa. [CC-BY-SA] • Saide (2012). Empowering Learners through Open Learning. [CC-BY] http://www.saide.org.za/11-open-learning
Editor's Notes
- Image: Teaching Open Source Practices, Open Source. Com CC-BY-SA http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/5535034664/sizes/o/in/photostream/ “Openness” can now be associated with learning materials, platforms and practices Why is it important? Openness tackles the challenge of widening access to information and knowledge.
- Image: JISC [CC-BY-NC-ND] http://www.jisc.ac.uk/events Open Learning: Approach to education that seeks to remove barriers to learning, while aiming to provide students with a reasonable chance of success in an education system centred on their particular needs Gives students flexibility and choice over what, when, where, at what pace, and how they learn
- Success through learner support, contextually appropriate resources and sound pedagogical practices Learners to increasingly determine where, when, what and how they learn, as well as the pace Active engagement leading to independent and critical thinking Commonwealth of Learning notes that open learning gives learners choices about: Medium or media (for example, print, on-line, television, or video); Place of study (at home, in the workplace, or on campus); Pace of study (closely paced or unstructured); Support mechanisms (for example, tutors on demand, audio conferences, or computer-assisted learning); Entry and exit points
- Educational provision includes the development of resources designed for independent and collaborative learning. A logical place to start when considering the resources needed to support the curriculum is to consider what already exists. OER goes beyond just sharing materials. By openly licensing these materials it enables others to remix, repurpose, improve, and redistribute educational materials.
- Open educational resources (including curriculum maps, course materials, textbooks, streaming videos, multimedia applications, podcasts, or any other materials designed for use in teaching and learning) that are openly available for use by educators and students, without the need to pay royalties or license fees. OER can exist as smaller, stand-alone resources (reusable learning objects) that can be mixed and combined to form larger pieces of content or as larger course modules or full courses. OER can also include simulations, virtual laboratories, collections, journals, and tools. These materials are considered open if they are released under an open license such as a Creative Commons license.
- Without pay or permission, these licences allow you to copy and distribute the material. Authors retain copyright
- Without pay or permission, these licences allow you to copy and distribute the material. Authors retain copyright
- Image: Mathieu Plourde “MOOC Poster” CC-BY https://www.flickr.com/photos/mathplourde/10425003764/
- MOOCs tend to occupy the more informal space of education, but this is starting to change
- Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/4624425596/ Well-known open source projects are the Linux operating system, the Mozilla Firefox Web browser, and the OpenOffice.org productivity suite
- Image: Adapted from: Fred Cavazza, Social Media Landscape [CC-BY-NC-SA] http://www.flickr.com/photos/fredcavazza/2564571564
- Journals are expensive!
- Image: Why Open Access Matters, Kingsley and Brown, CC-BY http://aoasg.org.au Benefits: Increase exposure, increased citations
- Image: “Open Here” JISC. CC-BY-NC-ND http://www.jisc.ac.uk/content/resources
- Image: “Playing with Media” Wesley Fryer CC-BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/wfryer/7842702898/
- Image: “Flipped Learning Design in VET” Vanguard Visions [CC-BY] https://www.flickr.com/photos/77018488@N03/9315194075/