This document provides an overview of open educational resources (OER) and open education. It defines OER as digital learning materials that can be freely used, modified, and shared. Reasons for using OER include personalized learning, innovation, and moral arguments about taxpayer-funded resources. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are also discussed, including examples of popular MOOC platforms like edX, Coursera, and Udacity. The document outlines different types and degrees of openness in education. Business models for funding OER and MOOCs are presented, along with challenges to introducing open resources like findability, quality, licensing, and human factors.

1. Open101
An Introduction to Open and Online Education
Robert Schuwer
Open Universiteit (Netherlands)

2. Agenda
• What are OER?
• Why OER?
• What is a MOOC?
• What is open education?
• Business models for OER
• Open policies
• Challenges for introducing OER
2

3. 3
What are OER?
CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis

4. Open Educational Resources
• Digital, freely available learning materials
• User has five rights
– Reuse “as is”
– Rework
– Remix
– Redistribute
– Retain
• Certain conditions
www.flickr.com/photos/joeshlabotnik/2259639880/ 4

5. Conditions: open license
Creative Commons
• Four building blocks
5
Attribution
NonCommercial
ShareAlike
NoDeriv

6. Six possible licenses
6
Attribution CC BY
Attribution – ShareAlike CC BY-SA
Attribution – NonCommercial CC BY-NC
Attribution – NoDerivs CC BY-ND
Attribution – NonCommercial –
ShareAlike CC BY-NC-SA
Attribution – NonCommercial –
NoDerivs CC BY-NC-ND

7. History
• 2001: MIT
• 2002: UNESCO
• 2005: Open Courseware Consortium
• 2006: OU-UK & OUNL
https://www.flickr.com/photos/alex-photos/ 7

8. 8
https://p2pu.org/en/
http://dp.la/
Source: Abel Caine, UNESCO
http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm
https://www.boundless.com/
http://www.oerafrica.org/
https://www.khanacademy.org/

9. More examples
• Institution-based
– University of Cape Town
(http://opencontent.uct.ac.za/)
– African Virtual University (http://oer.avu.org/)
• Community-based
– MERLOT (http://www.merlot.org/merlot/index.htm)
– Curriki (http://www.curriki.org/)
– OERCommons (https://www.oercommons.org/)
9

10. CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis
10
Why OER?

11. Benefits of OER
11
http://www.slideshare.net/mpaskevi/benefits-and-challenges-of-oer-for-higher-education-institutions (Cheryl Hodgkinson-Williams)

12. Benefits of OER (2)
• Personalized learning
• Fosters innovation
• Teaching = sharing
• Moral argument: learning materials payed
by taxpayers’ money should be available
for free
https://www.flickr.com/photos/sarahreido/ 12

13. Why not OER?
• Challenges for implementing an
OER/based curriculum (later)
• More work!
https://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/85: 13

14. What is a MOOC?
CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis
14

15. MOOC
• Massive: many participants (> Dunbars
number)
• Open: free available
• Online: via the internet
• Course: unit of offer (5-10 weeks
througput time)
• Complete learning experience
15

16. 16
Skip example

17. An example
Pagina 17

18. Video lectures
Pagina 18

19. At times a short quiz
Pagina 19

20. Immediate feedback
Pagina 20

21. Weekly problem sets…
Pagina 21

22. …with feedback and a grade
Pagina 22

23. Forums for learners
Pagina 23

24. Exam with immediate feedback
Pagina 24

25. Eventually a certificate
Pagina 25

26. MOOC providers (Sep 2014)
26
8
5
http://a.tiles.mapbox.com/v3/uvanianaidoo1.map-b815u9pe/page.html#2/12.4/-42.2

27. The big three
Commercial – Platform – Universities create content
Commercial – Platform – Udacity creates content
Not-for-profit – Universities cooperate
27 Pagina 27
27

28. Other providers
28
Open platform – Everyone can deliver content
(Not-for-)profit – Universities cooperate
28

29. • Open, non-profit partnership on MOOCs
• European initiative
• 11 partners
• Portal, no platform
• Quality label
• http://www.openuped.eu/
29

30. Offering Feedback Certificate Pacing Didactics
30
EdX
(Consort.)
Courses Instructor/
automated
Achievement Paced Instructor led
Udacity
(Company)
Courses Instructor/
automated
Achievement/
Participation
Paced Instructor led
Coursera
(Company/
Consort.)
Courses Instructor/
Automated/
Peer
Achievement/
Participation
Paced Instructor led
Ted Ed Lectures - - Self-directed Instructor led
Khan
Lectures - Badges Self-directed Instructor led
Academy
cMOOC Courses Peer None/Achievement/
Badges
Paced Connec-tivism
OpenUpEd Courses Peer None/Achievement/
Recognition
Self-directed/
Paced
Self study
Saylor.org Programs - - Self-directed Instructor led
OERu Programs - Diploma Self-directed May vary p.
course

31. Overviews
• Class-Central https://www.class-central.
com/
• MOOCtivity http://www.mooctivity.com/
• Coursetalk http://www.coursetalk.com/
31

32. CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis
32
What is Open
Education?

33. Model of Open Education
33
http://www.surf.nl/binaries/content/assets/surf/en/knowledgebase/2013/Trend+Report+OER+2013_EN_DEF+07032013+%28LR%29.pdf, page 36
Learning resources
Learner Environment
Open
Education
Services Teaching effort
Supply
Demand

34. Types of open
34
Learning resources
Open
Education
•Gratis beschikbaar
•Open in 5R zin:
•Reuse
•Revise
•Remix
•Redistribute
•Retain
•Open in plaats
•Open in tijd
•Open in tempo
•Open in programma
•Open toegang (geen
ingangseisen)
Niet per se gratis!
Services Teaching efforts

35. Openness of OER
35
Learning resources
•Gratis beschikbaar
•Open in 5R zin:
•Reuse
•Revise
•Remix
•Redistribute
•Retain
•Open in plaats
•Open in tijd
•Open in tempo
•Open in programma
•Open toegang (geen
ingangseisen)
OER
Services Teaching efforts

36. Openness of a MOOC
36
Learning resources
•Gratis beschikbaar
•Open in 5R zin:
•Reuse
•Revise
•Remix
•Redistribute
•Retain
•Open in plaats
•Open in tijd
•Open in tempo
•Open in programma
•Open toegang (geen
ingangseisen)
MOOC
Services Teaching efforts
•Forum
•Feedback
•Exam
•Certificate
•Teacher
•Teaching assistant

37. MOOC vs OER: applicability
37
MOOC OER
Ready to use Learning objects. Need effort before
using
Applicable “As-is” Personalization possible
Useful for learner Useful for teacher
Applicable in specific situations Broad spectrum of application
Paradox for usability:
(inspired by David Wiley)
OER
Applicability for reuse
fixed context
MOOC

38. Business models
CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis
38

39. Funding models
• Endowment - base funding (charity)
• Membership – Institutions pay fee
• Donations – by users
• Conversion – to payed services
• Contributor-pay
• Sponsorship – advertisement
• Institutional – variation of sponsorship
• Governmental – similar to institutional
• Partnerships and exchanges
39
http://ijklo.org/Volume3/IJKLOv3p029-044Downes.pdf

40. Business model: canvas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Model_Canvas 40

41. Example: OpenU @ OUNL
• 10% of each course is provided as OER.
• Customers can remain anonymous, register
free of charge and create a profile, or can be
paying customers.
• Each individual or organisation can take out a
subscription to products or services.
• Communities are encouraged
• All forms of education are provided free of
charge, (e.g. online master classes)
41

42. 42
•Institutions for HE (co-creation)
•Organisations (co-creation)
•Publishers
•Graphic designers
•Printing house
•(Online) bookseller
•Supplier IT-tooling
•Postoffices
•Network providers
•Landlords (study centres)
•Experts in the communities
•Exploitation of education
•Development of education
•Research intertwined with
education
•Marketing
•Starting and moderating
communities
•Create and manage OER
•Manage OpenU
infrastructure and services
•Developers
•Teachers, TA’s
•Researchers
•Educational technologists
•Support employees
•Members OpenU
•Experts Communities
•Study centre
•ICT and multi mediatools
•OER + provisions (without
registration)
•OER + extra provisions (with
registration)
•OpenU subscriptions
•Individual courses
•Full programs (BaMa)
•Tailored programs
•Other services related to
education
•Selfservice (extended)
•Personal contacts (online +
offline)
•Communities (online +
offline + events)
•Internet
•OpenU portal
•Study centres
•Study packages (paper)
•Social media
•Personal contact for
advicing services
•Individual interested (not
registered)
•Individual interested
(registered)
•Individual learner (student)
•Individual learner (OpenU
subscription)
•Organisations (companies,
institutions)
•Institutions for HE
•Government
•Fixed costs: personal, board, support, logistics, ICT- and network
infrastructure, housing
•Variable costs: (physical) production of learning materials, marketing and
information, printing costs, costs of delivery, ICT licenses, management
copyrights, OU-organisation and personal (semi flexible), support (semi-flexible)
•Fixed subsidy Ministry of Education
•Variable subsidy Ministry of Education
•Course incomes (student / organisation)
•Payment for additional services
•Subscription fee from a learner / organisation
•Payment learner / organisation for additional services
Red: additional for OpenU

43. Funding models for MOOC
• Payment for extra services
– Certificate, proctored exam
• Series of courses (program)
• Offering courses specific for institutions
• Selling student data (e.g. to head hunter)
https://www.flickr.com/photos/fsecart/549277847/sizes/o/ 43

44. 44
Challenges for
introducing OER
CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis

45. Potential hurdles
• Findability of OER
• Quality of OER
– Context specific
• Open licenses
• Business models
• Human factors
http://www.flickr.com/photos/gowestphoto/3955671300/sizes/o/ 45

46. 46
Robert.Schuwer@ou.nl
@fagottissimo
bassoonvenlo
http://nl.linkedin.com/in/robertschuwer
robertschuwer.nl
+31 - 6 1446 9300