The document summarizes different climate types including tropical, Mediterranean, temperate, hot and dry, and provides examples of places that have good climates such as Ecuador, Panama, Spain, and Mexico. It describes the typical weather patterns, temperature ranges, rainfall levels, and vegetation for each climate type. Places highlighted as having ideal climates included Ecuador for its variety of climates across different regions, Panama for its tropical weather without hurricanes or extreme weather, and Spain and parts of Mexico for their Mediterranean climates.
What is meant by “Airconditioning”?
Human Comfort
Why do we need A.C.?
Advantages and Disadvantage of A.C.
Ideal room temperature
some terminology-
Dry-bulb temperature
Wet-bulb temperature:
Dew point
Latent heat
Absolute humidity
Relative humidity
Specific humidity
Sensible heat
Evaporating Cooling
Condensation
Enthalpy
Entropy
7. Classification of air conditioners
8. Windows AC- advantages
Parts of the Window Air Conditioners
Working
The refrigeration system,
Air circulation system-room air cycle and
The hot air cycle.
Ventilation system,
Control system,
electrical protection system.
9.Split or Ductless AC-
Advantages, parts indoor and outdoor,
Types-
Wall mounted
Floor mounted/Tower AC
Ceiling mounted/Cassette AC
Multi Split ACs
10. Central Air Conditioning System
Advantages and disadvantages
11. Key differences between "Window", "Split" and a "cassette" air conditioners.
12. Cooling capacity
13. Energy Efficiency
14.Energy Consumption
15.Energy Efficiency Ratio
16.Energy Saving Methods
17.Some AC brands
NATURAL REGIONS OF THE WORLD
CLIMATE AND NATURAL REGIONS
World Climatic Types and Their Characteristics.
The world climatic types on the basis of temperature are classified into four basic types;
i. HOT CLIMATES
Is the climatic type of the world characterized by mean annual temperature which is over 21ºC and have the following natural vegetation; Equatorial Forests, Monsoon Forest and Tropical Grassland scrub e.g Equatorial, Tropical Desert, Monsoon and Marine areas.
ii.WARM CLIMATES
Is the world’s climatic type whereby no month has the temperature of less than 7ºC and have the following natural vegetation, Evergreen Woodland and Grassland Temperate Forest e.g West Margine and China Type.iii. COOL CLIMATES
Is the world’s climatic type whereby one to five month have temperature below 7ºC and have the following natural vegetation; Temperate Forest, Grasslan
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. Climate is the average weather in a place over many years. While the weather
can change in just a few hours, climate takes hundreds, thousands, even
millions of years to change.
Sometimes the climate of a place is described with graphs like this. This graph shows
how temperature usually changes over a year for a particular place on Earth.
WHAT IS CLIMATE?
4. Plenty of sunshine
50 to 260 inches (125 to 660 cm.) of
rain falls yearly
The change between seasons are not
extreme
Without the extremes of temperature
and precipitation ( rain and snow ) .
WHAT MAKES A CLIMATE IDEAL
Based on the factors that affected climate, what makes climate ideal in my opinion are :
Eventhough sometimes it
can causing flood
5. DESCRIBE THE TYPE OF CLIMATE
Tropical
Meditteranean
Mild(Temperate)
Hot and Dry
6. Much of the equatorial belt experiences hot
and humid weather. There is abundant
rainfall due to the active convection of air
that takes place there, and during certain
periods, thunderstorms can occur every day.
Nevertheless, this belt still receives
considerable sunshine, and with the
excessive precipitation, provides ideal
growing conditions for luxuriant vegetation.
The principal regions with an equatorial
climate are the Amazon Basin in Brazil, the
Congo Basin in West Africa and Indonesia.
.The primary distinguishing characteristic
of these climates is all months have average
temperatures above 18°C (64°F).
TROPICAL CLIMATE
7. Good Points
Low air pressure and amendments Operate
slowly and irregularly .
The constant rain and direct sunlight at the
equator allow tropical rainforests to develop.
Temperatures stay the same throughout most
of the year because these areas are found
along the equator and receive constant direct
sunlight. (Warmth throughout the entire year )
Bad points
During certain periods, thunderstorms can
occur every day
Usually the dry season is longer. Areas near
the equator receive constant direct sunlight
and therefore, heat
The temperature was perfect for bacteries to
grow and evoke many disease.
8. The Mediterranean climate is a special type of
climate that describes a regime of hot summer
drought and mid winter rain in the mid latitudes,
north of the subtropical highs. This climate occurs
most noticeably in the regions around the
Mediterranean, from where the climate gets its name,
but also in coastal areas of California, South Africa
and southern parts of Australia.
In summer, the high pressure belts drift northwards
in the northern hemisphere, southwards in the
southern hemisphere, They are coincident with
substantially higher temperatures and little rainfall.
During the winter, the high pressure belts drift
equatorward, and substantial rainfall occurs. Whist
usually mild, such areas can experience cold snaps
when exposed to the icy winds of the large
continental interiors.
The primary distinguishing characteristic of these
climates is the coldest month has an average
temperature between 18°C (64°F) and -3°C (27°F).
MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE
9. Good points
• During the winter the water that was warmed up all summer
moves in and keeps the land warm and often brings rain
• In the winter , the humidity is low.
• If the humidity is low, then the rate of transpiration
INCREASED And air absorption and substances - minerals
will also be increasing. It will increase the availability of
nutrients for plant growth .
Bad points
• During the summer, cold currents keep the climate mild and
dry, almost no rain falls during the summer
• Sun intensity is high, especially in inland areas, due to clear,
cloudless skies and low humidity
• Soils are generally low in humus, neutral to alkaline in pH,
low in biological activity, low in nitrogen and phosphorous,
and slow in the decomposition of organic matter.
• Homogeneous plant
• The temperature fluctuation is too extreme
10. Temperate climates are those without extremes of
temperature and precipitation. The changes
between summer and winter are invigorating
without being frustratingly extreme. There are
two types of temperate climate: maritime and
continental. The maritime climate is strongly
influenced by the oceans, which maintain fairly
steady temperatures across the seasons. Since the
prevailing winds are westerly in the temperate
zones, the western edge of continents in these
areas experience most commonly the maritime
climate. Such regions include western Europe, in
particular the UK, and western North America at
latitudes between 40° and 60° north.
In these climates, summer temperatures are
warm and winters are cold. The primary
distinguishing characteristic of these climates is
the average temperature of warmest month
exceeds 10°C (50°F), and average temperature of
coldest is below -3°C (27°F).
TEMPERATE CLIMATE
11. Good Points
Without extremes of temperature and precipitation
(rain and snow).
The changes between summer and winter are generally
invigorating without being frustratingly extreme
Usually, Temperate climate areas receive regular rain
that supports thick forests and a wide variety of plant
life including evergreen trees (conifers) such as
spruce, cedar, pine, redwood. Many species of ferns
and grasses also grow in this area.
Bad Points
Easily exposed to solar radiation and sunburn
Winter happened longer than summer
The soil is not fertile
12. These are climates that experience little precipitation
during most of the year. Further, potential losses of
water from evaporation and transpiration greatly
exceed atmospheric input.
Deserts are areas where the rainfall is too low to
sustain any vegetation at all, or only very scanty
scrub. The rainfall in desert areas is less than 25 mm
or 10 inches per year, and some years may experience
no rainfall at all. The hot deserts are situated in the
subtropical high pressure belts where there is
unbroken sunshine for the whole year. Such areas
include the Sahara, Saudi Arabia, large parts of Iran
and Iraq, northwest India, California, South Africa
and much of Australia. Here, maximum temperatures
of 40 to 45�C are common, although during colder
periods of the year, night-time temperatures can
drop to freezing or below due to the exceptional
radiation loss under the skies.
HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
13. Good Points
Habitat for Specialized Flora and Fauna :
Plants that live in the desert have special
abilities that allow them to live in such a hot
and dry place. As well as the animal.
For indigenous people : make the immune
system more robust because it was used by the
hot sun
Abundance of Soil Nutrients
Bad Points
It have very little rainfall, making the climate
extremely dry, and hard for plants and
animals to survive.
There are very few plants in hot and dry
deserts. Often, the only things that can
survive are short shrubs and trees.
Dry air, causes and exacerbates numerous
problems in humans, including skin irritation,
eye irritation, nose bleeds, etc.
Lack of Water
15. ECUADOR: THE LAND OF
ETERNAL SPRING
Touted as the land of Eternal Spring, Ecuador has a reputation for perfect weather. Indeed,
along the spine of the Andes the weather tends to stay cool and temperatures change little
throughout the year.
In the expat hotspot of Cuenca (pictured), for example, you’ll find folks enjoying the days
that average a high of 70 F and drop to around 50 F at night. Everyone brings along a light
sweater or jacket no matter the temperature because the weather can change throughout the
day and layering makes it easy to stay comfortable.
16. But climate can vary in the Andes depending largely on altitude.
If you drop from the 8,400-foot elevation of Cuenca to the
5,000 feet of Vilcabamba you’ll notice quite a change. The
weather is still mild and comfortable, but warmer with highs
running in the upper 70s F and nightly lows of 60 F.
Eternal spring is not all you’ll find in this country. With four
distinct zones (Andes Mountains, Amazon Basin, Pacific Coast,
and the Galapagos Islands) Ecuador has it all. Along the coast
you’ll find warm days with a bit of humidity added in making the
same temperatures feel warmer than they would in the highlands.
The northern coastal town of Canoa sees average highs of close
to 80 F, but with the equatorial sun and humid air, a dip in the
ocean feels perfectly refreshing. The only items of clothing you’ll
need to bring for a stay on Ecuador’s coast are shorts, t-shirts,
flip-flops, and swimwear.
On the opposite side of the Andes range lies the Amazonian
jungle. A few inviting towns line the edge of the great rainforest
and provide ideal weather for those looking for consistent
warmth. Though average highs are only 60 F throughout the
year, the humidity makes it feel much warmer and again shorts, t-
shirts, and sunglasses are standard here. Just be sure to bring a
raincoat as it is, after all, the rainforest.
17. Situated close to the equator, Panama enjoys a year-round tropical climate. You’ll
never have to shovel snow or thaw frozen pipes here, and you’ll never pay another
heating bill. And since Panama sits outside the hurricane zone, extreme weather is rare
(even it don’t have any tornadoes or tsunamis). it do, however, have plenty of sunshine
and clear blue skies, with a healthy amount of rainfall sprinkled in!
Although Panama is a small country you have a variety of comfortable climates from
which to choose. Some prefer to live in warmer parts of the country, such as Panama
City and David. Daytime temperatures in the low-lying areas throughout the country
range from 75 F to 90 F, with a country-wide average of 84 F. Night-time
temperatures range from 65 F to 75 F.
PANAMA: TROPICAL
RETIREMENT HAVEN
18. If you’re looking for a cool-weather haven, look no
further than the highlands of the Cordillero Central
mountain range. Towns in these highland areas—such
as Boquete, Cerro Azul, El Valle, and Santa
Fe (pictured)—feature a noticeably fresher climate due
to their elevation. For many expats and retirees these
places have the perfect spring-like climate, with
daytime temperatures ranging from 65 F to 80 F and
nights as cool as 55 F at the higher elevations.
The climate year is divided into two distinct seasons.
The rainy season—known as wintertime or el
invierno—starts in May and continues through
November. The summertime—el verano—starts in
December and ends when the rains return in May.
During the wintertime it’s often cooler due to the
rainfall and cloud cover. The mornings are typically
sunny and warm, with cool rains in the afternoon or
evening, assuring a comfortable night’s sleep. In the
summertime we get little rain, so outdoor activities
take center stage. Many of Panama’s festivals and fairs
take place during the dry season, families take
vacations, and the beach is a popular destination
19. Thanks to its geographic location, with the Tropic of Cancer running right across the middle, Mexico offers a wide
range of climates. Add to that its varied terrain—with mountains, desert, jungles, and everything in between—and
you have a country with every sort of climate you might want.
Much of northern Mexico—the region directly south of the United States—has a dry desert climate, with hot
summers and chilly winters. But the northern part of the Baja Peninsula, along the Pacific Coast, enjoys near-perfect
weather, like that of San Diego, California. That great climate is one of the reasons why Rosarito and Ensenada, on
the Pacific Coast an hour or less from the U.S. border, have been so popular with expats.
Central Mexico enjoys a temperate climate. The mountainous interior is home to numerous Spanish-colonial cities,
most of which sit at elevations between 3,000 and 7,000 feet. For much of the year, temperatures here range from
the high 60s F to the low- to mid-80s F. Even in winter, temperatures rarely drop to freezing—and humidity is low.
You usually never need more than a light jacket here.
MEXICO: SOMETHING FOR
EVERYONE
20. Along most of Mexico’s coasts, as well as in far-
southern Mexico (the Yucatán Peninsula), the
weather is semi-tropical—humid and hot. May
to October is the rainy season in these areas,
with hot, sometimes-cloudy days punctuated by
brief but intense rainstorms. (It seldom rains
steadily all day.) Winter is the dry season, with
lower humidity, lower temperatures, and sunny
days. Along the central Pacific Coast—in Puerto
Vallarta (pictured), for instance—expect average
temperatures from the low 70s F in winter to
the low 80s F in summer. In the Yucatán,
average temperatures can run 10 or more
degrees hotter.
Mexico lies in a hurricane zone, with the
hurricane/tropical storm season running June
to December. Mexico’s Caribbean Coast is its
most hurricane-prone, followed by the Pacific
Coast and the Gulf Coast, in that order
21. With terrain that varies from mountains to plains to sandy beaches, Spain offers a diverse climate,
ensuring something for everyone.
On Spain’s long coastline (and as a peninsula, it has plenty of coast), temperatures tend to be mild,
with no temperature extremes. Weather is generally hotter in the south and cooler in the north…but
nowhere along the coast are the average summer highs and average winter lows more than about 25 F
to 30 F apart. This reliably mild weather is one reason why Spain’s coasts are so popular with expats.
On the southern coast—the Costa del Sol and the Costa de la Luz, for instance—average temperatures
vary from the 80s F in summer to the 60s F in winter. These coasts are famous for offering more than
300 days of sunshine a year, with low humidity. This means you can enjoy an outdoor lifestyle year-
round.
SPAIN: COOL MOUNTAIN TOWNS AND
WARM MEDITERRANEAN BEACHES
22. If cool, moist weather like that of the U.S.’s Pacific
Northwest is more your style, then head to Spain’s
northwest coast, so-called “Green Spain.” Here lush green
hills roll right down to the sea, rain is frequent, and the
weather is cool and mild. Average temperatures range
from the high 60s F and low 70s F in summer to the 40s F
and 50s F in winter.
Spain’s vast interior has a harsher, more continental
climate, marked by wide temperature extremes. Winters in
northern and central Spain can drop to freezing, with
occasional snow—while summer temperatures in central
and southern Spain can soar to over 100 F at the hottest
part of the day (when shops are usually closed for siesta).
Spring and fall in the interior, however, is glorious, with
lush spring vegetation, vibrant fall colors, and mild
weather in both seasons. These are perfect times to visit
the interior’s many historic towns.
Mountain ranges—some of them national parks—can be
found all over Spain. The Pyrenees, which separate Spain
and France, are snow-covered in winter and are popular
for skiing, as are the Guadarrama Mountains outside
Madrid and some ranges in southern Spain. These last are
just a few hours from sunny Mediterranean beaches.
La Playa de Rota – Costa de la Luz
Costa Bianca-Guadales
23. In my opinion, based on the “Places Which have good climate”. The place
that has the best cimate is :
“Panama”
The reasons I choose this tropical climate’s place are, because among the four
other places panama is the most convenient and safest place, Panama sits
outside the hurricane zone, extreme weather is rare unlike mexico that was lies
in a hurricane zone, with the hurricane/tropical storm season running June to
December. Or like Spain’s vast interior that has a harsher, more continental
climate, marked by wide temperature extremes.
It do, however, have plenty of sunshine and clear blue skies, with a healthy
amount of rainfall sprinkled in!
PLACE THAT HAS THE BEST
CLIMATE