Plant Cloning Presentation
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Plant cloning has several benefits including producing more plants, having plants that are stronger and require less resources to grow. The process of cloning plants involves taking a cutting from a parent plant and stimulating it to grow roots and develop into a new plant. While cloning increases the supply of plants and their quality, it can reduce genetic diversity and make entire crops vulnerable if a disease affects the cloned plants. There is ongoing discussion around the environmental and other impacts of widespread plant cloning.
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Cloning plants 03
The document discusses plant cloning, which can occur naturally through vegetative propagation or artificially through tissue culture. Plant cloning has benefits like mass producing fruits and vegetables, acquiring desired plant traits, and producing more nutrient-rich fruits. However, cloning also has disadvantages such as going against nature, increasing disease vulnerability, conflicting with some religions, reducing plant variety, and being an expensive process. In conclusion, while plant cloning is controversial, further research may help uncover more benefits.
Clone- plant clone
Cloning is the asexual reproduction of plants through vegetative propagation techniques like taking cuttings, division, or grafting. This allows the production of exact genetic copies of plants. When taking cuttings for cloning, a portion of the plant with stem and leaves is placed in a sterile medium and grown into a new plant. Clones have advantages like allowing reproduction of superior cultivars, disease resistance, and overcoming issues with seeds like low germination rates or long juvenile periods before flowering.
Techniques for cloning plants
This document discusses techniques for cloning plants, including finding genes for desired traits like disease resistance, using genetic engineering to insert those genes into plant cells, and growing clones of plants in laboratories. The key steps are identifying the desired genes, using tools like bacteria to insert those genes into plant cells, and growing the genetically engineered plant clones in sterile conditions on nutrient media to produce new plants with the targeted traits.
Diff Tissue Culture Tech- Durgashree Diwakar
This document discusses various tissue culture techniques used in plant biotechnology, including organogenesis, embryogenesis, synthetic seed production, somaclonal variation, protoplast fusion, hairy root culture, micropropagation, and gene transfer. Organogenesis involves inducing organ development from cultured plant tissues. Embryogenesis refers to embryo formation, which can occur somatically from undifferentiated callus cells. Synthetic seeds are artificially encapsulated plant materials that can be used for propagation. Somaclonal variation results from phenotypic changes during long-term culture. Protoplast fusion combines genetic material from two distinct plant species. Hairy root culture uses transformed roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes for metabolite production. Micropropagation is high
Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture involves growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium. It allows for rapid multiplication of plant materials and production of genetically identical clones. Various types of explants can be used, including shoot tips, roots, leaves, and embryos. The explants are first sterilized and induced to form callus tissue on auxin-supplemented medium. Shoots and roots can be regenerated from callus using different hormone combinations. Somatic embryos can also be produced through tissue culture.
Ethnobotany: Definition, Development, Impact on traditional medicines & herba...
Ethnobotany is the study of relationships between people and plants. It examines how human cultures interact with and use indigenous plants. Ethnobotany has impacted traditional medicine by informing the evaluation and discovery of herbal drugs. Proper harvesting, processing, and storage of plants as described by ethnobotanical knowledge helps ensure conservation and safe preparation of medicinal plants. Skills in botany, anthropology, and linguistics are required to understand a culture's plant perceptions and terminology. Examples of important drugs derived from ethnobotanical approaches include artemisinin, codeine, and tetrahydrocannabinol.
COSMECEUTICAL OF HERBAL AND NATURAL ORIGIN
This document discusses cosmeceuticals of herbal and natural origin. It defines cosmeceuticals as cosmetic products with bioactive ingredients that have medical benefits. Herbal cosmeceuticals use plant extracts to treat skin issues. Some advantages of herbal cosmetics over synthetic include being natural, safe, suitable for all skin types, and having no side effects. The document also discusses hair growth formulations using various herbal ingredients and evaluating their effects on hair growth in rats. Formulations for fairness creams using plant extracts like Glycyrrhiza glabra are also presented.
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The document discusses plant cloning, which can occur naturally through vegetative propagation or artificially through tissue culture. Plant cloning has benefits like mass producing fruits and vegetables, acquiring desired plant traits, and producing more nutrient-rich fruits. However, cloning also has disadvantages such as going against nature, increasing disease vulnerability, conflicting with some religions, reducing plant variety, and being an expensive process. In conclusion, while plant cloning is controversial, further research may help uncover more benefits.
Clone- plant clone
Cloning is the asexual reproduction of plants through vegetative propagation techniques like taking cuttings, division, or grafting. This allows the production of exact genetic copies of plants. When taking cuttings for cloning, a portion of the plant with stem and leaves is placed in a sterile medium and grown into a new plant. Clones have advantages like allowing reproduction of superior cultivars, disease resistance, and overcoming issues with seeds like low germination rates or long juvenile periods before flowering.
Techniques for cloning plants
This document discusses techniques for cloning plants, including finding genes for desired traits like disease resistance, using genetic engineering to insert those genes into plant cells, and growing clones of plants in laboratories. The key steps are identifying the desired genes, using tools like bacteria to insert those genes into plant cells, and growing the genetically engineered plant clones in sterile conditions on nutrient media to produce new plants with the targeted traits.
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Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture involves growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium. It allows for rapid multiplication of plant materials and production of genetically identical clones. Various types of explants can be used, including shoot tips, roots, leaves, and embryos. The explants are first sterilized and induced to form callus tissue on auxin-supplemented medium. Shoots and roots can be regenerated from callus using different hormone combinations. Somatic embryos can also be produced through tissue culture.
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Plant cloning provides several benefits including greater supply of plants that are stronger and require less water, sun, and maintenance to grow. Cloning allows plants to survive in different environments including winter, grow faster, and provide food for future generations. Specific crops cloned through cross-breeding can taste better when consumed.
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1) It describes different types of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides used for various pests, as well as some of their risks. Endosulfan and glyphosate are mentioned as examples.
2) It provides a recipe for a homemade insecticide made from water, cigar snuff, and soap that can be stored and used over several months.
3) It discusses the development of pesticide production plants and how they aim to produce methamidophos and other pesticides at lower costs than imported versions.
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Micropropagation
steps of micropropagation
system used to regenerate plantlets by micropropagation
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Sebaceous Gland: small oil-producing gland present in the skin of mammals
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There are more sebaceous glands in the proximity of hair
It is found all over the body except the palms of the hand and soles of the feet.
It is more in the face and head, and few in the forelimbs.
Sweat Gland: a small gland that secretes sweat, situated in the dermis of the skin.
Such glands are found over most of the body and have a simple coiled tubular structure.
It is of two types
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Apocrine gland- under arms.
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1) It describes different types of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides used for various pests, as well as some of their risks. Endosulfan and glyphosate are mentioned as examples.
2) It provides a recipe for a homemade insecticide made from water, cigar snuff, and soap that can be stored and used over several months.
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Cultivation
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BIO 1100, Non-Majors Biology 1 Course Learning Outcom.docx
BIO 1100, Non-Majors Biology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
1. Evaluate concepts of basic biological sciences.
1.1 Identify various aspects of photosynthesis.
1.2 Categorize plants.
7. Evaluate relationships between living organisms and nonliving factors in ecosystems.
7.1 Compare and contrast sustainable and unsustainable farming practices.
7.2 Evaluate the effects of excess carbon dioxide and the effect on greenhouse gases.
8. Apply lab simulations and activities for further scientific understanding.
8.1 Interpret and record data.
8.2 Examine various effects of transpiration on plants.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 5:
Life in the Greenhouse: Photosynthesis and Global Warming
Chapter 23:
Feeding the World: Plant Structure and Growth
Chapter 24:
Growing a Green Thumb: Plant Physiology
Unit Lesson
This unit includes information from Chapters 5, 23, and 24. The materials in these chapters will help you
understand the important relationship between plants and the survival of the human race. You will learn what
plants need in order to grow and about agricultural practices that provide food to humans. In addition, you will
learn about the various plant structures and their functions. You will also learn about the future of agriculture.
We know that past and present agricultural practices have caused damage to the environment. How can we
reduce this damage, or can we?
At least three times a day, we sit down and eat. Do you ever really think about what you eat—not just whether
it is good for you, or if it is a vegetable, but what it is made of? In early chapters, we learned that there are two
types of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We learned that eukaryotes are fungi, protists, plants, and
animals. We eat a lot of eukaryotic organisms. What do you think makes up most of what you eat? If you are
eating a healthy diet, the majority of your food comes from plants. Even if you ate no plants at all, whatever
you are eating ate a plant or another organism, which probably ate a plant. What is the point? The point is
that plants are important. We have to have food. Is that all we get from plants? Do plants just look nice and
provide us with food?
In Chapter 5, you will learn about the delicate relationship between plants (through photosynthesis) and
humans (through cellular respiration). Plants provide us with the sugars and oxygen that we need in order to
synthesize ATP, or energy. Plants are required for our survival. Recently, you have probably heard a lot in the
news about the greenhouse effect and global warming. There has been, and currently still is, a debate among
scientists, politicians, and other groups of whether or not global warming exists. As productive members of
society, you need to develop an understanding of these concepts. In this unit, you will learn about the
greenhouse effect and the gases that play an important role in the environment.
UNIT VIII STUD ...
Imp ptc-2
Plant tissue culture is a method of growing isolated plant cells, tissues or organs in sterile conditions on an artificial nutrient medium. Early attempts were unsuccessful due to lack of knowledge about plant nutrition and hormones. Major advances included Philip White's 1939 report of continuous carrot and tobacco culture in vitro and Folke Skoog's discovery of auxin properties. Today, tissue culture is used commercially to propagate plants like flowers rapidly and introduce new varieties. Successful tissue culture requires sterile conditions, nutrient media tailored to the plant species, and controlling contamination.
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This document summarizes a new technique called "Eco-culture" for the clonal multiplication of plants like cashew and coffee. It involves manipulating the external environment of plants to trigger the growth of axillary buds through changes in light and nutrient conditions, allowing continuous production of cloned plantlets without the use of artificial growth media or hormones. The technique aims to overcome issues with genetic instability and uncertainty seen in traditional tissue culture methods, while providing a low-cost and scalable process for clonal plant propagation.
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This essay compares and contrasts the organelles found in plant and animal cells. It describes the key organelles common to both cell types, such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria and vacuoles. It then highlights some of the unique organelles found in plant cells, including the cell wall, chloroplasts and central vacuole. The functions of these organelles are also outlined.
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Seed dormancy
Dormancy is when there is a lack of germination in seeds or tubers even though the required conditions (temperature, humidity, oxygen, and light) are provided. Dormancy is based on hard seed coat impermeability or the lack of supply and activity of enzymes (internal dormancy) necessary for germination. Dormancy is an important factor limiting production in many field crops. Several physical and chemical pretreatments are applied to the organic material (seeds/tubers) to overcome dormancy. Physical and physiological dormancy can be found together in some plants, and this makes it difficult to provide high-frequency, healthy seedling growth, since the formation of healthy seedlings from the organic material (seeds/tubers) sown is a prerequisite for plant production. This chapter will focus on the description of four different methods we have not seen reported elsewhere for overcoming dormancy.
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Dormancy is a state where seeds lack germination even when conditions are suitable. It is caused by impermeable seed coats or lack of enzymes for germination. This chapter discusses four new methods for overcoming dormancy: exposing seeds to magnetic fields, treating with squirting cucumber fruit juice, sodium hypochlorite solutions, and gamma radiation. Fruit trees must be propagated vegetatively by grafting or budding as seeds will produce hybrids unlike the parent fruit. Seeds require chilling periods before germination and there are several methods described for growing fruit trees from seed.
plants
There are about 300,000 known plant species that are classified systematically. Photosynthesis is the key biochemical process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy stored in sugars. It involves using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and energy-rich molecules like glucose. Plants also undergo respiration, which releases the stored energy. Their cell walls are made of cellulose, which provides structure and support. Scientists study plants to understand genetics, weed resistance, and develop new varieties that are more productive and resistant to diseases and insects. Farmers have also long observed plants to select the most optimal crops, fertilizers, and water levels.
Introduction of plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture provides several benefits for studying plant growth and development. It allows scientists to isolate plant parts and culture them in vitro, simplifying the study of controlling influences. Some key applications of plant tissue culture include clonal propagation of disease-free plants, studying plant cells' ability to regenerate whole plants from cultured cells, producing genetic variability through somaclonal variation, regenerating plants from pollen to create haploids, and rescuing hybrid embryos. Plant tissue culture also enables fundamental biological research, production of high-value biochemicals, and generation of transgenic plants.
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Your Own Vegetable Garden of Eden: Companion Planting - Tuolumne County Maste...
Certain plants assist each other in growth and deterring pests when planted together. This is known as companion planting. According to Cornell University, plants compete for space and resources but also change the soil chemistry and repel insects or diseases that affect neighboring plants. Some effective companion planting combinations include dill and nasturtiums with squash and cucumbers to repel bugs, and radishes planted with cucumbers to deter cucumber beetles without needing to be pulled. Garlic spray can also be used to control many insect pests when made from chopped garlic soaked in oil and water.
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This document discusses crop production, including harvesting and storage. It provides details on:
1) Harvesting requires skill to avoid crop loss, and storage is important to prevent destruction from pests or conditions. Proper drying and treatments can prevent pest and microbial issues.
2) Threshing separates grains from chaff after harvesting. Winnowing does this for small farms. Storage methods aim to prevent loss from pests, moisture, or fungi until use or marketing.
3) Four main factors affect plant production: light, water, temperature, and nutrients. Adequate levels support growth and photosynthesis, while deficiencies or extremes can stress plants.
Tissue culture
Tissue culture is the process of growing plant cells, tissues or organs separately from the organism in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions. It allows for large scale production of identical plant materials and is used for commercial production of plants, conserving rare species, breeding disease-resistant varieties, and producing valuable compounds. Some advantages are producing many copies of plants with desirable traits, being able to grow plants anytime regardless of climate, and removing plant diseases or infections. However, it requires expensive equipment, careful procedures, and there is a risk of contamination or loss of genetic variability.
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- 1. Daniel Cattle Thomas McCreanor Lawrence Mago PLANT CLONING
- 2. PLANT CLONING - Survival in Different Environments (Characteristics in the plant) - Colour, Shape and Size - Longer Lifespan of the plant - Nutritional Benefits - Greater supply of Plants - Plant itself is stronger - Appearance of the plant - Less water and sun is needed for growth - Requires less maintenance to help the plant grow - Some plants are made pest resistant and don't attract any animals - Plant Growth in Non-seasonal environments (Winter) - Faster growth of plants - Provides for future generations - Cross-breeding/ making new plants with genetics from other plants - Particular plants/ crops will taste better if the food is cloned (eg, carrots, potatoes, etc)