What is Ammeter, its working principle and its three Ammeter method. What is Voltmeter, working principle and three Voltmeter Method. Watt meter and its working principle.
Power measurement is a valid technique to measure that how much the power is being transmitted through the entire system.
In this presentation you will estimate and understand the following objectives
Wattmeter as a device
Power measurement techniques
Classical based history
Construction of wattmeter
Working of Wattmeter
Power measurement of direct and indirect way
Power measurement in three phase applications
Applications of Wattmeter
ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT & MEASURING INSTRUMENTS [Emmi- (NEE-302) -unit-1]Md Irshad Ahmad
(1) Philosophy of Measurement-Methods of measurement, Measurement system
, Classification of instrument systems, Characteristics of instruments & measurement
systems, Errors in measurement & its analysis, Standards.
(2)Analog Measurement of Electrical Quantities-Electrodynamic, Thermocouple,
Electrostatic & Rectifier type ammeters & voltmeters, Electrodynamic wattmeter, Three
Phase wattmeter, Power in three phase systems, Errors & remedies in wattmeter and energy
meter.
1. Introduction
2. History of transformer
3. Principle
4. Construction and Working
5. Types of Transformer
6. Application
7. Auto transformer
8. Need of transformer
The project is based on electric heating and its method. This project is a college project done by students. So the project might have some mistakes. Use this project as any source is restricted. The project is uploaded only because of the benefits of the students who want to get the basic idea of the powerpoint presentation of a project.
Protection against overvoltage
overvoltage
causes of overvoltage
lightning
types of lightning strokes
harmful effect of lightning
protection against lightning
Nowadays, it is very important to maintain voltage level. Controlling of that voltage is also important. This Presentation contains methods of voltage control.
Power measurement is a valid technique to measure that how much the power is being transmitted through the entire system.
In this presentation you will estimate and understand the following objectives
Wattmeter as a device
Power measurement techniques
Classical based history
Construction of wattmeter
Working of Wattmeter
Power measurement of direct and indirect way
Power measurement in three phase applications
Applications of Wattmeter
ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT & MEASURING INSTRUMENTS [Emmi- (NEE-302) -unit-1]Md Irshad Ahmad
(1) Philosophy of Measurement-Methods of measurement, Measurement system
, Classification of instrument systems, Characteristics of instruments & measurement
systems, Errors in measurement & its analysis, Standards.
(2)Analog Measurement of Electrical Quantities-Electrodynamic, Thermocouple,
Electrostatic & Rectifier type ammeters & voltmeters, Electrodynamic wattmeter, Three
Phase wattmeter, Power in three phase systems, Errors & remedies in wattmeter and energy
meter.
1. Introduction
2. History of transformer
3. Principle
4. Construction and Working
5. Types of Transformer
6. Application
7. Auto transformer
8. Need of transformer
The project is based on electric heating and its method. This project is a college project done by students. So the project might have some mistakes. Use this project as any source is restricted. The project is uploaded only because of the benefits of the students who want to get the basic idea of the powerpoint presentation of a project.
Protection against overvoltage
overvoltage
causes of overvoltage
lightning
types of lightning strokes
harmful effect of lightning
protection against lightning
Nowadays, it is very important to maintain voltage level. Controlling of that voltage is also important. This Presentation contains methods of voltage control.
It includes it's symbolic representations, history, types and it's working, applications of Voltmeter.
Can be used for presentations and as a reference too.
EXPERT SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Project Center For Research in Power Electronics and Power Systems
IEEE 2010 , IEEE 2011 BASED PROJECTS FOR FINAL YEAR STUDENTS OF B.E
Email: expertsyssol@gmail.com,
Cell: +919952749533, +918608603634
www.researchprojects.info
OMR, CHENNAI
IEEE based Projects For
Final year students of B.E in
EEE, ECE, EIE,CSE
M.E (Power Systems)
M.E (Applied Electronics)
M.E (Power Electronics)
Ph.D Electrical and Electronics.
Training
Students can assemble their hardware in our Research labs. Experts will be guiding the projects.
EXPERT GUIDANCE IN POWER SYSTEMS POWER ELECTRONICS
We provide guidance and codes for the for the following power systems areas.
1. Deregulated Systems,
2. Wind power Generation and Grid connection
3. Unit commitment
4. Economic Dispatch using AI methods
5. Voltage stability
6. FLC Control
7. Transformer Fault Identifications
8. SCADA - Power system Automation
we provide guidance and codes for the for the following power Electronics areas.
1. Three phase inverter and converters
2. Buck Boost Converter
3. Matrix Converter
4. Inverter and converter topologies
5. Fuzzy based control of Electric Drives.
6. Optimal design of Electrical Machines
7. BLDC and SR motor Drives
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. Ammeter
An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to
measure the current in a circuit.
Ammeters are either connected in series with the
circuit carrying the current to be measured (for small
fractional amperes), or have their shunt resistors
connected similarly in series. To measure larger
currents, a resistor called a shunt is placed in parallel
with the meter.
3. Working Principle of ammeter
The main Principle of ammeter is that it must have a
very low resistance and also inductive reactance.
Due to very low impedence the power loss will be low
If it is connected in parallel it becomes almost a short
circuited path and all the current will flow through
ammeter as a result of high current the instrument
may burn.
4.
5. Classification of Ammeter
Depending on the constructing principle, there are
many types of ammeter we get, they are mainly
-Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) ammeter.
Moving Iron(MI) Ammeter.
Electrodynamometer type Ammeter.
Rectifier type Ammeter.
7. Numerical
Example 1:
The following readings were obtained from three
ammeters used for a single phase power measurement:
An inductive load takes a current of 2.5 A; a non-
inductive resistor connected in parallel takes 2.4 A,
when connected across 250 V supply. The total current
taken from the supply is 4.5 A. Calculate:
a) Power absorbed by the load.
b) Load impedance.
c) Power factor of the load.
8. Solution
Given: I3 = 2.5 A; I2 = 2.4 A; I1 = 4.5 A; V = 250 V.
Non-inductive resistance, R = (V/I2) = 250/2.4 = 104.17
i) Power absorbed by the load, P:
P = (R/2)*(I1^2 – I2^2 – I3^2)
= (104.17/2)((4.5^2)-(2.4^2)-(2.5^2)) = 429.2 W
ii) Load impedance, Z:
Z = (V/I3) = (250/2.5) = 100
iii) Power factor of the load, cos ? = (I1^2 – I2^2
– I3^2) /2I2I3
= [(4.5^2)-(2.4^2)-(2.5^2)]/(2*2.4*2.5) = 0.687 (Ans.)
9. Voltmeter
Voltmeter is an instrument
used for measuring
electrical potential
difference between two
points in an electric circuit.
A voltmeter is connected in
parallel with a device to
measure its voltage.
.
10. Working principle of voltmeter
The main principle of voltmeter is that it is connected
in parallel.
Parallel connection is used because a voltmeter is
constructed in such a way that it has a very high value
of resistance. So if that high resistance is connected in
series than the current flow will be almost zero which
means the circuit has become open.
11.
12. Classification of Voltmeter
Permanent Magnet Moving coil (PMMC) Voltmeter.
Moving Iron (MI) Voltmeter.
Electro Dynamometer Type Voltmeter.
Rectifier type Voltmeter
Induction type Voltmeter.
Electrostatic type Voltmeter.
Digital Voltmeter (DVM).
14. Numerical Example:
Example 1:
The following readings were obtained from three
voltmeters used for a single phase power measurement:
V2 = 180 voltas across a non-inductive resistaor; V3 = 200
volts across an inductive load; V1 = 300 volts across the two
in series.
Calculate the power factor of the inductive load.
Solution:
Given: V2 = 180 V; V3 = 200 V; V1 = 300 V
Power factor, cos ? = (V1^2 – V2^2 – V3^3)/2V2V3
Or cos ? = [(300^2) – (180^2) – (200^2)]/(2*180*200) =
0.244 (Ans.)
15. Watt Meter
Wattmeter is an instrument used to measure the
power in an electrical circuit.
The traditional form of wattmeter is called as
dynamometer wattmeter.
The dynamometer wattmeter works on the motor
principle.
16. Working Principle
The wattmeter has two sets of coils. One coil is fixed
and is made in two identical parts.
It is made upon heavy gauge copper wire. So it has low
resistance. This is named as current coil.
The other coil which is known as voltage coil, is wound
from fine gauge wire. So it has relatively high
resistance.
The voltage coil is mounted on a circular manner. It is
placed between the two parts of the current coil.
18. Classification
There are following types
of Wattmeter
Dynamometer type
wattmeter
Induction type
wattmeter
Electrostatic type
wattmeter
19. Power Factor Meter
Power factor measurement provides us the knowledge
of type of loads that we are using, helps in calculation
of losses happening during the power transmission
system and distribution.
Hence We need a separate device for calculating the
power factor accurately and more precisely.
20. Construction
General construction of any power factor meter circuit
include two coils pressure coil and current coil.
Pressure coil is connected across the circuit.
while current coil is connected such it can carry
circuit current, by measuring the phase difference
between the voltage and current .
21. Construction
Usually the pressure coil is splits into two parts
inductive part
non-inductive part or pure resistive part. There is no
requirement of controlling system because at
equilibrium there exist two opposite forces which
balance the movement of pointer without any
requirement of controlling force.