Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. They consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen and are the building blocks of proteins. The first few amino acids were discovered in the early 1800s, with the last one discovered in 1935. Amino acids are important for protein synthesis, tissue repair, and other cellular functions in the body. Proteins are composed of one or more chains of amino acids and perform many important roles in the body like catalysing reactions and transporting molecules. Amino acids are digested and absorbed in the stomach and small intestine and provide nutritional value, supporting functions throughout the body. Certain genetic conditions can impact the absorption of amino acids.